Assessment of Forest Growing Stock of Timergara Forest Subdivision, Dir Lower Forest Division

The present study was aimed to assess the growing stock of Timergara forest subdivision which was a part of Dir lower forest division (Pakistan). The study area was divided into two different climatic zones (i.e. sub-tropical sub humid and sub-humid temperate zones) on the basis of altitudinal considerations. A total of 43 sample plots are taken in the forest area of 8480 hectare with random sampling technique representing 0.5% of the total forest area. Each sample plot size was of one hectare. In each 100 × 100 m (1 ha plot), number of trees, diameter, age, height, increment, form factor and volume were measured. An interrelation between the diameter (independent variable) and all the other dependent variables (volume, increment and height) were found. At the end, volume tables were made which suited the local conditions as the ones used before were not suited to the local conditions.

Growing stock variation in different teak (Tectona grandis) forest stands of Mizoram,India

The growing stock assessment of three different teak forest stands （Tuirial： 500 m asl, Sairang： 200 m asl and Phunchawng： 550 m asl） was done in 2006 in Mizoram, India. Five diameter classes were arbitrarily established for knowing the volume attribute data and population structure, viz. a （10-20 cm）, b （20-30 cm）, c （30-40 cm）, d （40-50 cm）, and e （50-60 cm）. Results revealed that the density of the individuals among the studied stands varied from 280 stems/ha to 620 stems/ha. The average diameter of all the individuals ranged between 27.48 cm and 35.43 cm. Similarly, the average height was oscillated between 17.87 m and 22.24 m. The total basal area was recorded between 24.28 m2.ha-1 and 45.80 m2.ha＂l. The maximum and minimum values of total growing stock under all the diameter classes were 669.01 m3.ha-1 and 284.7 m3.ha-1, respectively. The representation of population structure of different stands explained that the perpetuation of this species was ensured for a quite long time.

Characteristics and Growing Stocks Volume of Forest Stand in Dry Temperate Forest of Chilas Gilgit-Baltistan

Chilas forest sub division in Diamer district, of Gilgit-Baltistan is located at northern regions of Pakistan. We estimated tree density, diameter, height and volume of the dominant tree species in four blocks (Thore, Chilas, Thak Niat and Gunar) of Chilas forest sub division. The tree density of deodar was maximum with average 26 tree·ha-1 and minimum was of Chalgoza 4 trees·ha-1. The maximum average height showed by the dominant species (Fir, Kail, Deodar, and Chilgoza) of the study area to be 20.40, 16.06, 12.24 and 12.12 m respectively. Moreover the average maximum volume attained by the Kail, Fir, Deodar and Chalgoza trees was 1.92, 1.57, 0.46 and 0.291 m3·tree-1 respectively. Regression analysis was carried out to determine the relationship between diameter (cm), height (m), tree density (trees·ha-1) and volume (m3·ha-1). The findings of the study will help the future scientific management of the forest for sustained yield. The study also provides information about the unexplored growing stock and structure of the forests. Additionally, this study will help to understand the patterns of tree species composition and diversity in the northern part of Pakistan with dry temperate climate.

THE DISCUSSION ON THE MEASURES OF INCREASING NURSERY STOCK QUALITY IN FRIGID REGION OF CHINA

Through several years seedling-growing experiments in nursery in Daxing‘anMountains forest region,the author posed that the seedling cultivated for the region mustpossess the characteristics of being suited to thin and meager soil and having strongresistance to adverse conditions.For this purpose,the cultivation regime ought to bedirectization,standardization and programmatization;seedling growth ought to be promotedby regulating ecological conditions;and the mursery stock quality ought to be tested usingvigor index.

谷氨酸废液促进幼苗生长的研究进展

中国作为味精生产和出口的第一大国,在高产量的同时,伴随着多种有机废液的产生.谷氨酸废液作为生产味精中的一种有机废水,因其含有多种氨基酸和有机物质,可促进植物生长,增强光合能力,加强植物的抗逆性和防病害能力,改善土壤性质,增加养分,可成为获取廉价氨基酸肥料的途径之一.目前,在谷氨酸废液中检测到谷氨酸、聚谷氨酸以及脯氨酸为主要成分,在一定处理下,利用废液可促进蔬菜和粮食等多种作物生长发育.综述了谷氨酸废液中的有效成分及其促进作物生长的研究进展,为谷氨酸废液的深入研究提供参考.

刺梨实生苗苗木质量分级研究

在贵州省都匀市以不同地理种源刺梨(Rosa roxburghii Tratt.)种子培育出862株1年生实生苗,逐株测量苗高(H)、地径(D)、主根长(L)、长度≥5 cmⅠ级侧根数(N)与长度≥5 cmⅠ级侧根平均长(R)等生长指标。各指标观测值经离差标准化处理后进行相关性分析,发现各指标间呈极显著(p<0.01)正相关。为便于生产应用,选择苗高与地径为苗木分级指标。采用逐步聚类法进行苗木质量分级,得到的1年生刺梨实生苗分级标准为:Ⅰ级苗H≥80.00 cm、D≥7.52 mm;Ⅱ级苗80.00 cm>H≥59.00 cm、7.52 mm>D≥5.12 mm;Ⅲ级苗H<59.00 cm、D<5.12 mm。

浅析苗圃苗木繁育中的养护措施

近年来,随着我国社会经济的不断发展,城市园林建设面临着前所未有的机遇与挑战,苗圃苗木繁育已经成为国家园艺事业发展的主要支柱,对国家的生态建设、经济发展都具有十分重要的推动作用。在这样的大环境下,提高苗圃育苗工作能力,有利于促进我国园艺事业的长期、平稳发展,提高苗圃育苗的效率和质量,也是我国林业事业发展的重要环节。基于此,本文主要对苗圃育苗过程中的高效养护措施进行了较为细致的论述,以期推动国内园艺行业的长久发展。

园林苗木培养中营养生长与根系发育的优化研究

针对园林苗木培育技术中营养生长和根系发育的优化问题,指出营养生长和根系发育在苗木健康发育中的重要性,探讨了影响营养生长和根系发育的关键因素,并对优化园林苗木营养生长和根系发育的重要措施进行总结,以期为苗木培育技术研究提供参考。

Determining structural variation in a managed mixed stand in an old-growth forest, northern Iran

Numerous approaches have been developed to quantify forest structure modules.A variety has measured each as part of stand attributes.This study was carried out in managed mixed stands in northern Iran.The objective was to quantify stand structure and its variation before and after tree marking through the Gini index and structural triangle method.A full sampling inventory was taken in 2004 and 2014 at the beginning and end of a period,before and after tree marking operations in five stands.The results indicate that the Gini index was 39.5,62.2,43.0,82.0 and 74.0%forⅠ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ,ⅣandⅤstands respectively.Furthermore,approximate structural diameters were determined as a large category forⅠ,Ⅱ,ⅢandⅤstands while standⅡhad an intermediate-large class pre-tree marking to an intermediate-small class post-tree marking.The paired t-test results were not significant for tree numbers and growing stock changes for all species,and for beech,hornbeam,and velvet maple before and after tree harvesting in the whole stand.Therefore,the Gini index and the structural triangle method can be used for natural stand modeling,structural diversity designation,and for management practices in nature-oriented forestry strategies.

结合UAV-LiDAR和Sentinel-2的森林蓄积量估测

遥感技术结合实测样地数据能够实现稳健和高效的森林蓄积量(growing stock volume)估测,可以大大减少调查时间和成本,同时便于定期监测。以内蒙古自治区赤峰市旺业甸林场为研究区,以典型温带针叶人工林为研究对象,通过两阶段外推法,利用随机森林算法结合实测样地数据、UAV-LiDAR数据和Sentinel-2多光谱数据估测整个研究区人工林的森林蓄积量。将实测样地数据外推至UAV-LiDAR样地,建立Field-UAV-LiDAR模型;将第一阶段生成的UAV-LiDAR估测的森林蓄积量外推至全覆盖的Sentinel-2卫星图像,建立Field-UAV-LiDAR-S-2模型。通过与实测样地数据和Sentinel-2提取的特征变量建立的直接预测模型(Field-S-2)进行对比。研究结果表明,基于Field-UAV-LiDAR模型的森林蓄积量估测精度最高(R^(2)=0.79、RMSE为42.34 m^(3)/hm^(2)、rRMSE为19.24%),其次是基于Field-UAV-LiDAR-S-2模型的森林蓄积量估测精度(R^(2)=0.68、RMSE为50.19 m^(3)/hm^(2)、rRMSE为29.43%),基于Field-S-2模型的森林蓄积量估测精度最低(R^(2)=0.49、RMSE为63.25 m^(3)/hm^(2)、rRMSE为33.08%)。研究结果验证了结合UAV-LiDAR和Sentinel-2数据估测森林蓄积量有效性,为大面积森林蓄积量估测提供参考思路。

基于Sentinel-2A影像的森林蓄积量估测

森林蓄积量主要用于评价森林中全部活立木的材积总量,动态反馈森林资源变化情况,是森林资源监测的重要指标之一。为探究Sentinel-2A影像及其红边波段对森林蓄积量的估测性能,本文以黑龙江省海林市长汀林区为研究区域,基于Sentinel-2A卫星遥感影像,结合数字高程模型(DEM)数据和研究区样地调查等辅助数据,提取影像光谱信息、植被指数、地形因子,并和样地因子作为模型自变量,应用面积蓄积量作为模型因变量,建立该研究区森林蓄积量估测模型。所构建估测模型经分析评价,其精度可达到86.71%,说明Sentinel-2A影像及其红边波段数据和其他辅助数据结合,综合应用于森林蓄积量估测可达到较好估测精度。本文提出的以Sentinel-2A数据为基础的估测方案可拓展到更大区域,提升蓄积量估测的时效性,为区域森林蓄积量估测提供重要支持。

Effects of stocking density on growth performance, blood parameters and immunity of growing pigs

This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of different stocking densities on growth performance,blood parameters,intestinal morphology and intestinal immunity of growing pigs.A total of288 male pigs(44.35±0.50 kg)were randomly assigned to groups with stocking densities of 2.46,1.23 and 0.82 m2/pig for a month.The results showed that there was no significant difference on growth performance among groups.Pigs in the stocking density of 0.82 m2/pig had the lowest backfat thickness and spleen weight index among groups(P<0.05).With increasing stocking density,the serum concentrations of blood urea nitrogen(BUN),transglutaminase(TGG),alkaline phosphatase(AKP)and immunoglobulin A(Ig A)were increased,and albumin(ALB),albumin-to-globulin ratio(ALB:GLO),insulin-like growth factor-1(IGF-1)and immunoglobulin(Ig M)were decreased(P<0.05),and cortisol tended to increase and glucose tended to decrease(0.05<P<0.1).Compared with the stocking density of 2.46 m2/pig,the ileal villus height and jejunal villus width decreased in stocking densities of 1.23 and 0.82 m2/pig(P<0.05).The duodenal villus height and ileal villus width in the stocking density of 0.82 m2/pig were the lowest among 3 groups(P<0.05).The content of immunoglobulin A in duodenum,jejunum and ileum mucosa increased along with increasing density(P<0.05).The contents of interleukin(IL)-2 in the spleen or liver and IL-10 in the spleen were higher in the stocking density of 0.82 m2/pig than in other 2 groups.These results showed that stocking density could affect the metabolism,intestinal morphology,and immunity of growing pigs and 1.23 m2/pig may be the suitable stocking density for the growing pigs in the present study.

臭氧净化空气技术对生猪生长性能和经济效益影响的研究

目前生猪养殖场由传统模式向规模化、现代化模式发展,现代化养殖模式中的全封闭猪舍空气质量差,氨气、硫化氢等有害气体影响猪生长发育,易诱发多种疾病。臭氧具有强氧化性,可分解有害气体。本试验选择同期饲养体重相近、健康的保育猪和育肥猪,随机分为2组,试验组将臭氧发生器安装在猪舍里,制造臭氧净化舍内空气,对照组按照常规饲养,试验期6个月,测定猪舍空气中臭氧、氨气和硫化氢浓度,记录猪的体重、采食量比较其生产性能,采集血样比较血清生化指标。结果表明,臭氧净化猪舍空气效果显著,对规模养猪场保育猪和育肥猪的生产性能具有良好的效果。

云南核桃主要栽培品种的嫁接技术研究

核桃植株酚类物质含量高、易氧化,导致嫁接成活率低,成为影响良种繁育推广的一个难题。开展影响核桃嫁接成活率诸因子及作用的研究,对提高核桃嫁接成活率、推广优良新品种具有重要意义。以云南省3个主要核桃栽培品种漾濞泡核桃、云新高原、娘青核桃为试验材料,研究不同嫁接砧木和不同接穗对苗木成活率及其生长节律的影响。结果表明:1)采用1年生铁核桃苗作砧木和采用芽苗作砧木对各品种嫁接成活率存在较大影响,用芽苗砧嫁接的漾濞泡核桃、娘青核桃的成活率明显高于用1年生铁核桃砧嫁接的。2)3个核桃品种选用不同砧木嫁接后,苗高、地径生长都符合“S”型生长曲线。3)3个核桃品种选用不同砧木嫁接成活后,生长态势存在明显差异,用1年生铁核桃砧嫁接的漾濞泡核桃、娘青核桃后期苗高、地径生长量均高于用芽苗砧嫁接的生长量。4)用漾濞泡核桃顶芽和侧芽进行芽苗砧嫁接试验显示,侧芽嫁接出圃率远大于顶芽嫁接出圃率,侧芽嫁接的苗木长势明显优于顶芽嫁接。

不同育苗基质对秋茄苗木生长的影响

了解不同育苗基质对秋茄苗木生长的影响,为生产上科学制定秋茄育苗的基肥提供理论参考。在广西英罗港口红树林苗圃内开展了不同育苗基质对秋茄苗木生长影响的试验,该试验设3个处理:A1的育苗基质为海泥搅拌30g复合肥(V复合肥∶V海泥=3∶500;VN∶VP∶VK=18∶12∶10),A2均为有机肥料,A3为底部11cm高的有机肥,表层11cm高的海泥,对照组的育苗基质均为海泥,研究育苗基质对秋茄发芽率、生长、生理的影响。试验结果表明:(1)育苗基质对秋茄苗木生长有影响,育苗基质均为有机肥料的秋茄发芽率为0,其它育苗基质的秋茄发芽率为100%;(2)育苗基质对秋茄地径无影响,对秋茄苗高有显著影响,A1处理的苗木最高,为53.70cm;(3)育苗基质对秋茄生理指标有显著影响,A1和A3处理的秋茄苗木营养元素均高于对照组。可见,在育苗基质中加入适量的肥料可促进秋茄苗木生长。

园林绿化施工中苗木管理技术探讨

在园林工程施工中,苗木管理工作的开展效果与园林绿化施工的整体质量存在直接关联,因此需要加强重视,通过科学合理的方式实施苗木管理工作,进而有效提高园林工程的绿化效果。论文在对园林绿化施工中苗木管理技术应用的重要性进行分析与论述的基础上,就其具体应用方法进行了研究与探讨。希望通过论文的研究与分析,能够为园林绿化工程施工质量提升提供一定帮助。

来安县苗木产业现状及发展对策

本文介绍了来安县苗木产业发展现状和举措成效,分析了存在的问题,并结合实际提出有序改造苗木产品、加强技术创新和应用、引导建立规范化经营等建议,以期为持续推进苗木产业健康、有序、稳定发展提供参考。

黄土高原适生树种苗木的耗水特性

黄土高原适生树种苗木的耗水特性韩蕊莲，梁宗锁，侯庆春，邹厚远（中国科学院西北水土保持研究所，杨陵７１２１００）ＷａｔｅｒｃｏｎｓｕｍｐｔｉｏｎｐｒｏｐｅｒｔｉｅｓｏｆａｄａｐｔａｂｌｅｎｕｒｓｅｒｙｓｔｏｃｋｓｏｎＬｏｅｓｓｐｌａｔｅａｕ￥ＨａｎＲｕ...

山核桃根插试验

为加快山核桃Carya cathayensis营养繁殖和保持优良性状，以3年生山核桃实生苗主根为材料，用不同种类和不同质量分数的生长调节物质处理后进行扦插繁殖试验。结果表明．山核桃根插属于愈合组织生根型；50～100mg·kg^-1萘乙酸（NAA）处理18h能有效提高生根率、新根数、新根长和新根根径；但300mg·kg^-1 NAA抑制生根，6-苄基腺嘌呤（BA）处理对根插无效甚至不利。探讨了解决山核桃根插条来源的途径及进一步提高生根率的思路。

林业应用稀土的技术与效果

稀土在提高林木种子发芽率，促进杉木（Ｃｕｎｎｉｎｇｈａｍｉａｌａｎｃｅｏｌａｔａ（Ｌａｍｂ．）Ｈｏｏｋ．）、木荷（ＳｃｈｉｍａｓｕｎｅｒｂａＧａｒｄｎ．ｅｔＣｈａｍｐ）、板栗（ＣａｓｔａｎｅａｍｏｌｌｉｓｓｉｍａＢｌｕｍｅ）、泡桐（Ｐａｕｌｏｗｎｉａｓｐ）、杨树（Ｐｏｐｕｌｕｓｓｐ）等的苗期生长并提高苗木质量，提高湿地松（ＰｉｎｕｓｅｌｌｉｏｔｔｉｉＥｎｇｅｌｍ）、杉木种子园的种子产量和质量，提高核桃（ＪｕｇｌａｎｓｒｅｇｉａＬ．）、枣（ＺｉｚｙｐｈｕｓｊｕｊｕｂａＭｉｌｌ）、板栗、苹果（ＭａｌｕｓｐｕｍｉｌａＭｉｌｌ）、梨（ＰｙｒｕｓｂｒｅｔｓｃｈｎｅｉｄｅｒｉＲｅｈｄ）、山楂（ＣｒａｔａｅｇｕｓｐｉｎｕｓｔｉｆｉｄａＢｇｅ）、柿（ＤｉｏｓｐｙｒｏｓｋａｋｉＬ．）、杏（ＰｒｕｎｕｓａｒｍｅｎｉａｃａＬ．）等果树的座果率和产量并改善果实品质等方面有明显效果。同时，稀土对林木苗期和经济林木花果期的生理有促进作用。稀土能促进林木叶绿素形成，提高光合作用强度，促进根系对矿质元素的吸收，增加干物质积累；稀土还影响种实中有机酸、蛋白质、脂肪、糖、Ｖｃ等的含量．稀土林用技术已用于生产实践。