A new species of Discostella guiyangensis sp.nov.(Bacillariophyta,Stephanodiscales)from Guiyang,China:morphology and phylogeny

We describe a new species of Discostella from Guiyang based on light and scanning electron microscopic observations,as well as molecular analysis.This species is morphologically distinguished from other species by a relatively smooth and slightly recessed central area with marginal striae of unequal lengths forked near the margin.Marginal fultoportulae and a single rimoportula are situated between every two costae or on the costae.Both morphological characters and the concatenated data of rbc L and SSU rDNA indicate that Discostella guiyangensis is a unique and new species.According to divergence time estimation analysis,Discostella guiyangensis is the oldest species among the Discostella species sequenced currently.In addition,we complement molecular data of Discostella asterocostata and Discostella stelligera.

Shells in the cabinet:four new species of Tellinidae(Mollusca:Bivalvia:Tellinoidea)identified from existing South China Sea collections

Four species new to science were identified in the Tellinidae museum collections in the Marine Biological Museum of Chinese Academy of Sciences.Pinguitellina triquetra sp.nov.,collected in 1981,has not previously been described or reported.It differs from other Pinguitellina species by its trigonal shape,rose-colored valve interior,and deep and wide pallial sinus,which is confluent with the pallial line.Pinguitellina protuberangla sp.nov.has a broad and deep dorsal corner,short and straight posterodorsal margin,comparatively large adductor scars,depressed and fragile shells,and deep socket at the anterior edge of the right valve.Pinguitellina minuta sp.nov.was previously misidentified as Arcopella casta in China.It is a new species based on its unique characteristics,which include small,fragile,inflated,translucent,and triangularly ovate-shaped shells with acuminated and convex umboes.As the first species described in China within the genus Abranda Iredale,1924,Abranda xui sp.nov.has internal ligaments and thin,fragile,and translucent elliptical shells with fine radials on the surface.In this study,we reorganized the species currently contained in the two genera Pinguitellina and Abranda and created keys to the known species.We believe that numerous collected bivalve specimens have been overlooked in the South China Sea,and to date,mollusk has not been adequately sampled.Thus,further exploration and analysis are required to understand species diversity in this area.

A new diatom genus Spargeria gen.nov.(Bacillariophyceae)from Xizang,China,and the description of two new species

During our investigation of diatom biodiversity in Xizang,two species exhibited unique morphological features discriminative from all previously known genera.Herein we describe these two species and describe as new the genus,Spargeria gen.nov.The new genus features narrow to wide rectangular valves,narrow valve mantles,filiform raphe branches that occur on the valve face only,terminal raphe fissures straight or slightly deflected to same side,bow-tie shaped central areas,chambered striae present on the valve face only,being absent from the mantle,wider striae near the axial area and very narrow near the margin,multiseriate striae with small and round areolae that are occluded externally.Comparatively,Spargeria zhuii sp.nov.has larger and robust valves,radiate striae,with one divergent stria near the apices,while Spargeria chenia sp.nov.is smaller,with narrow valves,striae slightly radiate in the middle,becoming convergent or parallel near apices.This new genus belongs to the family Pinnulariaceae,and it was compared and contrasted with other genera of this family.Our work suggests the need for continued studies to document the biodiversity of diatoms in Xizang.

Morphological and Molecular Data Revealed One New Species of the Short-legged Toads Brachytarsophrys Tian and Hu,1983(Anura,Megophryidae)from Yunnan,China

A new species of the genus Brachytarsophrys,named Brachytarsophrys wenshanensis sp.nov.,has been identified in southeastern Yunnan,China.This new species can be readily distinguished from other known congeners by both morphological criterion and molecular analysis of three mitochondrial gene segments:16S,COI,and Cytb.This classification is based on the following morphological characters:(1)medium body size(SVL 83.8–85.1 mm in two adult males);(2)enormous head,with head width nearly 1.2 times the length;(3)tongue pyriform,feebly notched;(4)non-meeting heels;(5)male lacking nuptial pad;(6)tibiotarsal articulation reaching angle of mouth when hindlimbs are extended forward alongside the body;(7)absence of outer metatarsal tubercle,inner metatarsal tubercle elliptic and approximately equal to first toe;(8)rudimentary toe webbing,webbing formula:Ⅰ(2–)–(2^(++))Ⅱ(2^(–))–(3^(++))Ⅲ(2^(½))–(4)Ⅳ(4^(+))–(2^(⅔))V;(9)lateral fringes narrow;(10)dermal ridge or glandular fold on dorsum absent;(11)pectoral glands distinct and irregular,femoral gland small.Our work increases the number of species within the genus Brachytarsophrys to 9.

Reactive oxygen species and oxidative stress in acute pancreatitis:Pathogenesis and new therapeutic interventions

Acute pancreatitis(AP)is a common acute gastrointestinal disorder affecting approximately 20%of patients with systemic inflammatory responses that may cause pancreatic and peripancreatic fat necrosis.This condition often progresses to multiple organ failure,significantly increasing morbidity and mortality.Oxidative stress,characterized by an imbalance between the body’s reactive oxygen species(ROS)and antioxidants,activates the inflammatory signaling pathways.Although the pathogenesis of AP is not fully understood,ROS are increasingly recognized as critical in the disease's progression and development.Modulating the oxidative stress pathway has shown efficacy in mitigating the progression of AP.Despite numerous basic studies examining this pathway,comprehensive reviews of recent research remain sparse.This systematic review offers an in-depth examination of the critical role of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis and progression of AP and evaluates the therapeutic potential of antioxidant interventions in its management.

A new species of Macrophya Dahlbom(Hymenoptera:Tenthredinidae) with a key to species of Macrophya planata group

The Macrophya planata species group is proposed and defined by mesoscutellum very fiat with sharp lateral carina and the dorsal side of some antennomeres white. A new species of the group from Tibet, China is described： Macrophya acutiscutellaris Wei, Li ＆ Heng sp. nov.. The new species is similar to M. pseudoplanata Saini et al., 1996, but differs from the latter in body length 13.5 mm in female; apical third of hind tibia entirely black; antenna 2.5 times as long as head breadth; postoeellar area 1.6 times as broad as long; harpe weakly narrowed toward apex. A key to all known species of Macrophya planata group is provided. Type specimens of this new species are deposited in the Insect Collection of Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, Hunan, China.

A New Species of the Genus Garra from Nujiang River Basin, Yunnan, China (Teleostei: Cyprinidae)

A new species of the subfamily Labeoninae, Garra nujiangensis Chen and Yang, sp. nov. is recognized from a secondary branch of Nujiang River （upper Salween） in Zhenkang county, Yunnan province, China. It can be distinguished from other beardless Garra species by the following combination of characters： 12 - 14 circumpedunele scales; 48 - 50 lateral- line scales; a pair of rudimentary rostral barbels present in little individuals; 8 - 9 branched dorsal-fin rays; 5 - 6 scales between dorsal-fin origin and lateral line and 3 - 4 scales between pelvic-fin origin and lateral line; caudal peduncle relatively stouter; length between snout tip to posterior margin of eye longer than body depth at anal fin origin; head length longer than body depth at dorsal fin origin; prepelvic length 50.0% - 53.7% of standard length; pre-anus length 58.9% - 63.9% of standard length; body width 16.7% - 19.6% of standard length; body depth at dorsal fin 19.2% - 22.6% of standard length. The present study also verified that the presence of tiny barbells is a juvenile character in some beardless Garra species, such as G. nujiangensis and G. alticorpora.

A New Species of Subgenus Simulium (Tetisimulium)(Diptera:Simuliidae) from Qinghai,China

Simulium (Tetisimulium) xiaodaoense sp. nov. is described based on the female specimens collected from Qinghai, China. This species is assigned to the subgenus Tetisimulium, and is closely related to S. (T.) tachengense An and Mahe, 1994 and S. (T.) wutaishanense An and Yan, 2003. However, it is clearly differentiated from them by the structure of gonapophyses, genital fork, genital plate, paraproct and cercus of the female. All the specimens are kept in the Medical Entomology Collection Gallery, Academy of Military Sciences, Beijing.

The Genus Epoligosita from Xinjiang,with Descriptions of Two New Species(Hymenoptera:Trichogrammatidae)

The genus Epoligosita Girault is briefly reviewed. Two new species and one new record species in China are described and illustrated. The specimens examined are deposited in the Life Science and Technology College, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, China and Biological Control Institute, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China respectively.

Four New Species of Tomocerus (Collembola: Tomoceridae) from China

Four new species of Tomocerus Nicolet are described from China. They are Tomocerus (Tomocerina) purpurithorus, Tomocerus (Tomocerina) calceus, Tomocerus (s.str.) emeicus, Tomocerus (s.str.) maximus. All the type specimens are kept in the Department of Agronomy, Mianyang Economy and Technology College, Mianyang, Sichuan, China.

A New Species of Mazarredia Bolivar (Orthoptera:Tetrigoidea:Metrodoridae) from China

One new species of the genus Mazarredia Bolivar, Mazarredia nigripennis sp. nov. is described. This new species can be distinguished from Mazarredia brachynota Zheng, 2005 by： 1） width of longitudinal furrow narrower than width of first segment of antennae; 2） with a pair short longitudinal keels between shoulders; 3） hind process of pronotum slightly surpassing the top of hind femora and reaching the base of hind tibia; 4） hind wings reaching the top of hind process; 5） width of midfemur wider than the width of tegmina. Type specimens are deposited in the Institute of Zoology, Shaanxi Normal University, China （2♂） and Department of Chemistry and Life Science, Hechi University, China （1 ♂）.

A New Species of the Genus Homidia (Collembola: Entomobryidae) from West China

A new species, Homidia mediofascia sp. nov., from West China is described. It is easily separated from the other Homidia species by the median longitudinal stripe from Th. Ⅱ to Abd. Ⅱ, the macrochaeta al on Abd. Ⅰ, 7＋7 macrochaetae on posterior side of Abd. Ⅳ, and four smooth setae on posterior side of the ventral tube. A table on characters of five closely related Homidia species is provided.

A New Species of the Genus Dexagria (Diptera:Sarcophagidae) From Sichuan,China

A new species of the sarcophagid fly,Dexagria kangdingica Feng et Deng,sp.nov.is described and illustrated from western Sichuan,China.The type specimen is deposited in the Entomological Museum,Institute of Plant Physiology Ecology,Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences,Shanghai,China.

A New Species of the Genus Homidia(Collembola:Entomobryidae) from Zhejiang Province,China

A new species,Homidia unichaeta,sp.nov.from East China is described.It is characterized by colour pattern,only one posterior macrochaeta on Abd.IV,labial setae E and L1 smooth,seta pi spiny and slightly thinner and about 1.5 times as long as bs1 and bs2.The three similar species of Homidia are compared.

A New Species of Homidia (Collembola: Entomobryidae) from Wenzhou, with a Key to the Homidia Species from Zhejiang Province

Homidia hexaseta sp. nov. is reported from Wuyanling National Nature Reserve, Zhejiang Province. This new species is characterized by colour pattern, 6 sutural macrochaeta on dorsal head, smooth seta L1 on labial base, seta p4＋ present on Th. II, seta a2 present on medial Abd. III, seta B6 as macrochaeta on Abd. IV, setae Ae5-7 present on Abd. IV and subapical tooth of mucro obviously larger than apical one. A key to the Homidia species from Zhejiang Province is also provided.

A New Species and a Newly Recorded Species of the Genus Paratendipes Kieffer (Diptera: Chironomidae) from China

A new species of Paratendipes Kieffer, P. angustus sp. nov., is described and the male is illustrated. P. subaequalis （Malloch, 1915） is recorded in China for the first time.

Description of a new species and a newly recorded species in the genus Eukiefferiella Thienemann,1926(Diptera:Chironomidae) from China

A new species, Eukiefferiella celata sp. nov., and a newly recorded species, E. brehmi Gouin, 1943, are described and illustrated as male imagines. A new synonym is proposed： E. togaeuquinta Sasa ＆ Okazawa, 1992, syn. nov. （= E. brehmi）.

Two New Species of the Genus Rondaniella Johannsen (Diptera:Mycetophilidae) from China

In this paper two new species of Rondaniella Johannsen, 1909 from China are described. The type specimens are deposited in Zhejiang Forestry College, China.

A New Species of the Ant Genus Strongylognathus Mayr (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) from Shaanxi, China

A new ant species, Strongylognathus tylonum , sp. n. is described from Mt. Taibai in Shaanxi Province, China. Description is given for the worker caste. The species is morphologically close to S. karawajewi Pisarski. A key based on worker caste is preposed for the 3 species known in China. The type specimens of the new species is deposited in the Insect Collection, College of Forestry, Northwest Sci Tech University of Agriculture and Forestry.

A new species in the genus Saxetophilus Umnov(Orthoptera:Arcypteridae) from Qinghai,China

Abstract： In this present paper, one new species in the genus Saxetophilus Umnov from Qinghai Province, Saxetophilus qinghaiensis sp. nov., is described. This new species is allied to Saxetophilus gansuensis Wang et al., 2006 and Saxetophilus mistshenkoi Naumovitsh, 1988. It differs from both of them in： l） widest between lateral keels of pronotum by 3.30-3.75 times （~） or 3.00-3.60 times （~） length of median keel in metazona; and 2） interspace of mesosternal lobes wider than that of lateral lobes. Type specimens are at the Institute of Zoology, Shaanxi Normal University.