目的探讨ABI家族成员3结合蛋白(ABI family member 3-binding protein,ABI3BP)在血管紧张素Ⅱ(angiotensinⅡ,AngⅡ)诱导内皮祖细胞功能障碍中的作用及机制。方法为探讨ABI3BP在AngⅡ诱导内皮祖细胞功能障碍中的作用,将细胞分为4组,sh-N...目的探讨ABI家族成员3结合蛋白(ABI family member 3-binding protein,ABI3BP)在血管紧张素Ⅱ(angiotensinⅡ,AngⅡ)诱导内皮祖细胞功能障碍中的作用及机制。方法为探讨ABI3BP在AngⅡ诱导内皮祖细胞功能障碍中的作用,将细胞分为4组,sh-NC组[转染阴性对照短发夹RNA(LV-scramble-shRNA)+磷酸盐缓冲液(phosphate buffered saline,PBS)]、sh-ABI3BP组[转染ABI3BP shRNA(LV-ABI3BP-shRNA)+PBS]、sh-NC+AngⅡ组(LV-scramble-shRNA+AngⅡ)和sh-ABI3BP+AngⅡ组(LV-ABI3BP-shRNA+AngⅡ)。采用Transwell实验检测细胞迁移能力,黏附实验检测细胞黏附能力,Matrigel检测细胞成管能力,原位末端标记法检测细胞凋亡。Western blot检测整合素β1-黏着斑激酶(focal adhesion kinase,FAK)-P53信号通路变化情况。结果与sh-NC组比较,sh-NC+AngⅡ组迁移细胞数量、黏附细胞数量、小管形成数量显著降低,细胞凋亡率、整合素β1、磷酸化FAK(p-FAK)/FAK及P53蛋白表达显著增高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。与sh-NC+AngⅡ组比较,sh-ABI3BP+AngⅡ组迁移细胞数量[(88.67±8.33)个vs(62.33±7.37)个]、黏附细胞数量[(104.33±6.03)个vs(68.33±10.05)个]、小管形成数量[(36.33±3.21)个vs(19.33±3.06)个]显著增高,细胞凋亡率、整合素β1、p-FAK/FAK及P53蛋白表达水平显著降低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论AngⅡ可上调ABI3BP表达,敲低ABI3BP基因表达可改善AngⅡ诱导的内皮祖细胞功能障碍,其机制可能与抑制整合素β1-FAK-P53信号通路有关。展开更多
Balsam fir is an important Christmas tree species, especially in eastern Canada. The natural Christmas tree industry faces a challenge in postharvest needle abscission. Though there have been many studies describing t...Balsam fir is an important Christmas tree species, especially in eastern Canada. The natural Christmas tree industry faces a challenge in postharvest needle abscission. Though there have been many studies describing the physiological triggers and consequences in postharvest balsam fir, there have been no studies describing morphological or ultrastructural changes. Therefore, the objective of this study was to examine changes in stomata and chloroplast of postharvest needles. Branches were collected from low and high needle abscission resistance balsam fir genotypes, placed in water, and displayed in typical household conditions for 11 weeks. Needle abscission, chlorophyll fluorescence, and water uptake were monitored throughout. Needles stomata and chloroplasts were examined under a scanning and transmission electron microscope, respectively, each week. All branches had increased abscission, decreased chlorophyll fluorescence, and decreased water uptake over time. Needle surfaces accumulated fungal hyphae, especially in stomata. Chloroplasts demonstrated some dysfunction within two weeks, with notable decreases in chloroplast starch and increases in plastoglobulins. Within several weeks thylakoid membranes had been dismantled as chloroplasts transformed into gerontoplasts. All biophysical and structural changes were more pronounced in low needle abscission resistant genotypes. This research identifies a potential role for needle fungi in postharvest needle abscission and confirms the postharvest senescence of chloroplasts. Though it was previously speculated that chloroplasts must senesce postharvest, this study identifies how quickly this process occurs and that it occurs at different rates in contrasting genotypes.展开更多
Seed viability is an essential feature for genetic resource conservation as well as sustainable crop production.Long-term storage induces seed viability deterioration or seed aging,accompanied by the accumulation of t...Seed viability is an essential feature for genetic resource conservation as well as sustainable crop production.Long-term storage induces seed viability deterioration or seed aging,accompanied by the accumulation of toxic reactive oxygen species(ROS)to suppress seed germination.Controlled deterioration treatment(CDT)is a gen-eral approach for mimicking seed aging.The transcription factor ANAC089 was previously reported to modulate seed primary germination.In this study,we evaluated the ability of ANAC089 to control seed viability during aging.Compared with that in the wild-type line,the mutation of ANAC089 significantly increased H_(2)O_(2),thereby reducing seed viability after CDT,while the overexpression of ANAC089 reduced H_(2)O_(2) and improved seed long-evity,indicating a critical role for ANAC089 in maintaining seed viability through H_(2)O_(2) signaling.A series of stu-dies have shown that ANAC089 targets and negatively regulates the level of ABI5,an important transmitter of abscisic acid(ABA)signals,to affect seed viability after CDT.Furthermore,ABI5 negatively regulated the expres-sion of VTC2,which is involved in the biosynthesis of the antioxidant ascorbic acid and H_(2)O_(2) scavenging.As a result,ANAC089 attenuates the generation of H_(2)O_(2),thereby enhancing seed viability through the ABI5-VTC2 module during the seed aging process.Taken together,our results reveal a novel mechanism by which ANAC089 enhances seed viability by coordinating ABI5 and VTC2 expression,ultimately preventing the overac-cumulation of H_(2)O_(2),which would have led to reduced seed viability.展开更多
[Objective] The experiment aimed to explore the influences of phytohormones (ABT and IAA) and nutrient solution on rooting of Abies beshanzuensis M.H.Wu by water cultured medium. [Method] The Abies beshanzuensis M.H.W...[Objective] The experiment aimed to explore the influences of phytohormones (ABT and IAA) and nutrient solution on rooting of Abies beshanzuensis M.H.Wu by water cultured medium. [Method] The Abies beshanzuensis M.H.Wu were treated by water (CK), 10 mg/L ABT+ water, 10 mg/L IAA+ water, 10 mg/L ABT+ hoagland solution, 10 mg/L IAA+ hoagland solution, then the rooting process was observed and the formation rate of callus, rooting rate, number of rooting, and root length were investigated and analyzed. [Result] ABT and IAA had obvious influences on callus induction, rooting rate and the number of root of Abies beshanzuensis M.H.Wu by water culture, so they were suitable to be used in water propagation of Abies beshanzuensis M.H.Wu. The treatments of phytohormones had no regular influences on the longest root length and average root length. The nutrient solutions would not generate obvious influence on propagation of Abies beshanzuensis M.H.Wu at firstly stage, but they generated influence on root growth after rooting. [Conclusion] The research provided new ideas for propagation of Abies beshanzuensis M.H.Wu, which could make it out of endangerment situation quickly.展开更多
Abies fabric forest in the eastern slope of Gongga mountain is one type of subalpine dark coniferous forests of southwestern China. It is located on the southeastern edge of the Qinghai-Tibet plateau and is sensitive ...Abies fabric forest in the eastern slope of Gongga mountain is one type of subalpine dark coniferous forests of southwestern China. It is located on the southeastern edge of the Qinghai-Tibet plateau and is sensitive to climatic changes. A process-oriented biogeochemical model, Forest-DNDC, was applied to simulate the effects of climatic factors, temperature and precipitation changes on carbon characteristics, and greenhouse gases （GHGs） emissions in A. fabric forest. Validation indicated that the Forest-DNDC could be used to predict carbon characteristics and GHGs emissions with reasonable accuracy. The model simulated carbon fluxes, soil carbon dynamics, soil CO2, N2O, and NO emissions with the changes of temperature and precipitation conditions. The results showed that with variation in the baseline temperature from -2℃ to ＋2℃, the gross primary production （GPP） and soil organic carbon （SOC） increased, and the net primary production （NPP） and net ecosystem production （NEP） decreased because of higher respiration rate. With increasing baseline precipitation the GPP and NPP increased slightly, and the NEP and SOC showed decreasing trend. Soil CO2 emissions increased with the increase of temperature, and CO2 emissions changed little with increased baseline precipitation. With increased temperature and decreased baseline temperature, the total annual soil N2O emissions increased. With the variation of baseline temperature from -2℃ to ＋2℃, the total annual soil NO emissions increased. The total annual N2O and NO emissions showed increasing trends with the increase of precipitation. The biogeochemical simulation of the typical forest indicated that temperature changes strongly affected carbon fluxes, soil carbon dynamics, and soil GHGs emissions. The precipitation was not a principal factor affecting carbon fluxes, soil carbon dynamics, and soil CO2 emissions, but changes in precipitation could exert strong effect on soil N2O and NO emissions.展开更多
Swat district is a biodiversity hub of Pakistan. The plant species, especially trees, in the Swat District are exposed to extinction threat from global climate change. Maximum entropy （MaxEnt） modelling of species d...Swat district is a biodiversity hub of Pakistan. The plant species, especially trees, in the Swat District are exposed to extinction threat from global climate change. Maximum entropy （MaxEnt） modelling of species distribution, using HADCM3 A2a global climate change scenario, pre-dicted a considerable change in the future distribution ofAbies pindrow （Royle ex D.Don） Royle. AUC （area under the curve）values of 0.972 and 0.983 were significant for the present and future distribution models of the species, respectively. It is clear that bioclimatic variables such as the mean temperature of the warmest quarter （bio_10） and the annual temperature range （bio_7） contribute significantly to the model and thus affect the predicted distribution and density of the species. The future model predicts that by the year 2080 population density will have decreased significantly. The highest density of the species is recorded in the eastern and western borders of the Valley in the areas of Sulatanr and Mankial. The changes in density and distribution of the species can have considerable impact, not only on the tree species itself, but on the associated subflora as well.展开更多
文摘Balsam fir is an important Christmas tree species, especially in eastern Canada. The natural Christmas tree industry faces a challenge in postharvest needle abscission. Though there have been many studies describing the physiological triggers and consequences in postharvest balsam fir, there have been no studies describing morphological or ultrastructural changes. Therefore, the objective of this study was to examine changes in stomata and chloroplast of postharvest needles. Branches were collected from low and high needle abscission resistance balsam fir genotypes, placed in water, and displayed in typical household conditions for 11 weeks. Needle abscission, chlorophyll fluorescence, and water uptake were monitored throughout. Needles stomata and chloroplasts were examined under a scanning and transmission electron microscope, respectively, each week. All branches had increased abscission, decreased chlorophyll fluorescence, and decreased water uptake over time. Needle surfaces accumulated fungal hyphae, especially in stomata. Chloroplasts demonstrated some dysfunction within two weeks, with notable decreases in chloroplast starch and increases in plastoglobulins. Within several weeks thylakoid membranes had been dismantled as chloroplasts transformed into gerontoplasts. All biophysical and structural changes were more pronounced in low needle abscission resistant genotypes. This research identifies a potential role for needle fungi in postharvest needle abscission and confirms the postharvest senescence of chloroplasts. Though it was previously speculated that chloroplasts must senesce postharvest, this study identifies how quickly this process occurs and that it occurs at different rates in contrasting genotypes.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31970289 to X.H.and 32170562 to P.L.).
文摘Seed viability is an essential feature for genetic resource conservation as well as sustainable crop production.Long-term storage induces seed viability deterioration or seed aging,accompanied by the accumulation of toxic reactive oxygen species(ROS)to suppress seed germination.Controlled deterioration treatment(CDT)is a gen-eral approach for mimicking seed aging.The transcription factor ANAC089 was previously reported to modulate seed primary germination.In this study,we evaluated the ability of ANAC089 to control seed viability during aging.Compared with that in the wild-type line,the mutation of ANAC089 significantly increased H_(2)O_(2),thereby reducing seed viability after CDT,while the overexpression of ANAC089 reduced H_(2)O_(2) and improved seed long-evity,indicating a critical role for ANAC089 in maintaining seed viability through H_(2)O_(2) signaling.A series of stu-dies have shown that ANAC089 targets and negatively regulates the level of ABI5,an important transmitter of abscisic acid(ABA)signals,to affect seed viability after CDT.Furthermore,ABI5 negatively regulated the expres-sion of VTC2,which is involved in the biosynthesis of the antioxidant ascorbic acid and H_(2)O_(2) scavenging.As a result,ANAC089 attenuates the generation of H_(2)O_(2),thereby enhancing seed viability through the ABI5-VTC2 module during the seed aging process.Taken together,our results reveal a novel mechanism by which ANAC089 enhances seed viability by coordinating ABI5 and VTC2 expression,ultimately preventing the overac-cumulation of H_(2)O_(2),which would have led to reduced seed viability.
基金Supported by Science and Technology Plan of Zhejiang Province(2005C32036)National Natural Science Foundation of China(30700644)~~
文摘[Objective] The experiment aimed to explore the influences of phytohormones (ABT and IAA) and nutrient solution on rooting of Abies beshanzuensis M.H.Wu by water cultured medium. [Method] The Abies beshanzuensis M.H.Wu were treated by water (CK), 10 mg/L ABT+ water, 10 mg/L IAA+ water, 10 mg/L ABT+ hoagland solution, 10 mg/L IAA+ hoagland solution, then the rooting process was observed and the formation rate of callus, rooting rate, number of rooting, and root length were investigated and analyzed. [Result] ABT and IAA had obvious influences on callus induction, rooting rate and the number of root of Abies beshanzuensis M.H.Wu by water culture, so they were suitable to be used in water propagation of Abies beshanzuensis M.H.Wu. The treatments of phytohormones had no regular influences on the longest root length and average root length. The nutrient solutions would not generate obvious influence on propagation of Abies beshanzuensis M.H.Wu at firstly stage, but they generated influence on root growth after rooting. [Conclusion] The research provided new ideas for propagation of Abies beshanzuensis M.H.Wu, which could make it out of endangerment situation quickly.
文摘Abies fabric forest in the eastern slope of Gongga mountain is one type of subalpine dark coniferous forests of southwestern China. It is located on the southeastern edge of the Qinghai-Tibet plateau and is sensitive to climatic changes. A process-oriented biogeochemical model, Forest-DNDC, was applied to simulate the effects of climatic factors, temperature and precipitation changes on carbon characteristics, and greenhouse gases （GHGs） emissions in A. fabric forest. Validation indicated that the Forest-DNDC could be used to predict carbon characteristics and GHGs emissions with reasonable accuracy. The model simulated carbon fluxes, soil carbon dynamics, soil CO2, N2O, and NO emissions with the changes of temperature and precipitation conditions. The results showed that with variation in the baseline temperature from -2℃ to ＋2℃, the gross primary production （GPP） and soil organic carbon （SOC） increased, and the net primary production （NPP） and net ecosystem production （NEP） decreased because of higher respiration rate. With increasing baseline precipitation the GPP and NPP increased slightly, and the NEP and SOC showed decreasing trend. Soil CO2 emissions increased with the increase of temperature, and CO2 emissions changed little with increased baseline precipitation. With increased temperature and decreased baseline temperature, the total annual soil N2O emissions increased. With the variation of baseline temperature from -2℃ to ＋2℃, the total annual soil NO emissions increased. The total annual N2O and NO emissions showed increasing trends with the increase of precipitation. The biogeochemical simulation of the typical forest indicated that temperature changes strongly affected carbon fluxes, soil carbon dynamics, and soil GHGs emissions. The precipitation was not a principal factor affecting carbon fluxes, soil carbon dynamics, and soil CO2 emissions, but changes in precipitation could exert strong effect on soil N2O and NO emissions.
文摘Swat district is a biodiversity hub of Pakistan. The plant species, especially trees, in the Swat District are exposed to extinction threat from global climate change. Maximum entropy （MaxEnt） modelling of species distribution, using HADCM3 A2a global climate change scenario, pre-dicted a considerable change in the future distribution ofAbies pindrow （Royle ex D.Don） Royle. AUC （area under the curve）values of 0.972 and 0.983 were significant for the present and future distribution models of the species, respectively. It is clear that bioclimatic variables such as the mean temperature of the warmest quarter （bio_10） and the annual temperature range （bio_7） contribute significantly to the model and thus affect the predicted distribution and density of the species. The future model predicts that by the year 2080 population density will have decreased significantly. The highest density of the species is recorded in the eastern and western borders of the Valley in the areas of Sulatanr and Mankial. The changes in density and distribution of the species can have considerable impact, not only on the tree species itself, but on the associated subflora as well.
