为明确30%乙螨唑悬浮剂、23%阿维菌素·乙螨唑悬浮剂和15%乙螨唑·唑螨酯悬浮剂等3种杀螨剂对松毛虫赤眼蜂和七星瓢虫的急性毒性效应和初级风险,采用试管药膜法分别测定了3种杀螨剂对松毛虫赤眼蜂和七星瓢虫的急性毒性,并预测...为明确30%乙螨唑悬浮剂、23%阿维菌素·乙螨唑悬浮剂和15%乙螨唑·唑螨酯悬浮剂等3种杀螨剂对松毛虫赤眼蜂和七星瓢虫的急性毒性效应和初级风险,采用试管药膜法分别测定了3种杀螨剂对松毛虫赤眼蜂和七星瓢虫的急性毒性,并预测杀螨剂在农田内外的暴露量,表征毒性风险。结果表明:3种杀螨剂对松毛虫赤眼蜂急性接触毒性LR50为0.255~63.400 g a.i./hm^(2);对七星瓢虫的急性接触毒性LR_(50-48 h)和LR_(50-16 d)分别为9.30~21.70 g a.i./hm^(2)和3.72~8.36 g a.i./hm^(2)。30%乙螨唑悬浮剂和15%乙螨唑·唑螨酯悬浮剂在农田内外对松毛虫寄生蜂的危害商值HQ均小于5,风险可接受;23%阿维菌素·乙螨唑悬浮剂在农田内外对松毛虫寄生蜂的危害商值HQ均大于5,风险不可接受;30%乙螨唑悬浮剂和23%阿维菌素·乙螨唑悬浮剂对七星瓢虫的农田内危害商值HQ均大于5,风险不可接受;15%乙螨唑·唑螨酯悬浮剂对七星瓢虫的农田内危害商值HQ均小于5,风险可接受;3种杀螨剂对七星瓢虫的农田外危害商值HQ均小于5,风险可接受。综之,2种复配杀螨剂相比单剂的毒性增大,30%乙螨唑悬浮剂和23%阿维菌素·乙螨唑悬浮剂对非靶标节肢动物的风险均不可接受,农药施用时需采用一些风险降低措施来减轻对松毛虫赤眼蜂和七星瓢虫的风险。展开更多
The globally invasive cotton mealybug Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley,has recently invaded several Chinese regions,and continues to expand its range.This mealybug is a polyphagous insect pest,with at least 200 host pla...The globally invasive cotton mealybug Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley,has recently invaded several Chinese regions,and continues to expand its range.This mealybug is a polyphagous insect pest,with at least 200 host plants from 63 families,including cotton,food crops,fruits,ornamental plants,tobacco,and vegetables.Here,we describe the first finding of P.solenopsis in Shandong Province,and investigate the abundances of its natural enemies(predator Coccinella septempunctata L.and parasitoid Aenasius bambawalei Hayat).All three species were detected from ornamental and weed species in Linyi,Shandong,in September 2018,and were positively identified using DNA barcoding.BLAST analysis revealed significant identity(99.38-100%) between sequences of P.solenopsis obtained in this study and those published in the past.This invasive pest represents a major potential threat to agri-horticulture in Shandong,which is a key province of China for production and export of many vegetables,flowers,fruits,and other crops.This mealybug species has a wide range of potential distribution in Shandong and is easily dispersed with agricultural and horticultural transport products.Further monitoring and management strategies are required to limit the spread of this pest species.展开更多
Six kinds of cxtracts drawn from Ajuga multiflora and .A. multliflora var. brevispicala and A. multiflora var.serotina using methanol and acetone were used in this experiment to test their killing activity to the se...Six kinds of cxtracts drawn from Ajuga multiflora and .A. multliflora var. brevispicala and A. multiflora var.serotina using methanol and acetone were used in this experiment to test their killing activity to the second instar larvae ofHypantria cunea and their influence on its natural enemics. The average death rate caused by those extracts on the secondinstar larvae was 85.70%. The mortality rate caused by the extracts drawn with methanol was from 88.89% to 96.33%,which was significal1tly l1igl1er tl1a11 tl1at caused by acetol1e extracts. 'I11osc extracts were satt to TrchogranInIa `Ie)uI,xiIinIi,Coccinella septempunctata, the natural enelnies of H. cunea. We did not found any evidence shown that those extracts hadany influence the emergence and the devclopment of T. dendrolimi. Those methanolic extracts gotten from A. multiflora andA. multiflora var. brevispicata had no significant effects on the mortality of the larvae and adults of C. septenrpunctala.Those eXtracts could be used in the control of H cunea sattly.展开更多
为了评估除草剂对七星瓢虫Coccinella septempunctata的毒性影响和初级风险,采用药膜法进行了3种除草剂的急性接触毒性测试,并评估其初级风险。结果表明:10%噁唑酰草胺乳油、10%噁嗪草酮悬浮剂和20%异噁唑草酮悬浮剂对七星瓢虫的急性接...为了评估除草剂对七星瓢虫Coccinella septempunctata的毒性影响和初级风险,采用药膜法进行了3种除草剂的急性接触毒性测试,并评估其初级风险。结果表明:10%噁唑酰草胺乳油、10%噁嗪草酮悬浮剂和20%异噁唑草酮悬浮剂对七星瓢虫的急性接触毒性分别为LR_(50)>3.61×10^(2)g a.i./ha,LR_(50)>1.485×10^(2) g a.i./ha,LR_(50)>3.60×10^(2) g a.i./ha。10%噁唑酰草胺乳油、10%噁嗪草酮悬浮剂和20%异噁唑草酮悬浮剂的相对安全系数<5,属于中等及以下风险农药,对七星瓢虫的农田内和农田外喷雾场景风险均可接受(危害商分别为HQ_(in)<0.997,HQ_(in)<2.000,HQ_(in)<1.000,HQ_(in)均<5;HQ_(off)<0.020,HQ_(off)<0.020,HQ_(off)<0.020,HQ_(off)均<5)。综上所述,上述3种除草剂在田间应用时对七星瓢虫安全。展开更多
文摘为明确30%乙螨唑悬浮剂、23%阿维菌素·乙螨唑悬浮剂和15%乙螨唑·唑螨酯悬浮剂等3种杀螨剂对松毛虫赤眼蜂和七星瓢虫的急性毒性效应和初级风险,采用试管药膜法分别测定了3种杀螨剂对松毛虫赤眼蜂和七星瓢虫的急性毒性,并预测杀螨剂在农田内外的暴露量,表征毒性风险。结果表明:3种杀螨剂对松毛虫赤眼蜂急性接触毒性LR50为0.255~63.400 g a.i./hm^(2);对七星瓢虫的急性接触毒性LR_(50-48 h)和LR_(50-16 d)分别为9.30~21.70 g a.i./hm^(2)和3.72~8.36 g a.i./hm^(2)。30%乙螨唑悬浮剂和15%乙螨唑·唑螨酯悬浮剂在农田内外对松毛虫寄生蜂的危害商值HQ均小于5,风险可接受;23%阿维菌素·乙螨唑悬浮剂在农田内外对松毛虫寄生蜂的危害商值HQ均大于5,风险不可接受;30%乙螨唑悬浮剂和23%阿维菌素·乙螨唑悬浮剂对七星瓢虫的农田内危害商值HQ均大于5,风险不可接受;15%乙螨唑·唑螨酯悬浮剂对七星瓢虫的农田内危害商值HQ均小于5,风险可接受;3种杀螨剂对七星瓢虫的农田外危害商值HQ均小于5,风险可接受。综之,2种复配杀螨剂相比单剂的毒性增大,30%乙螨唑悬浮剂和23%阿维菌素·乙螨唑悬浮剂对非靶标节肢动物的风险均不可接受,农药施用时需采用一些风险降低措施来减轻对松毛虫赤眼蜂和七星瓢虫的风险。
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2017YFC1200600 and 2016YFC1201200)the Science and Technology Innovation Program of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences(caascx-2017-2022-IAS)
文摘The globally invasive cotton mealybug Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley,has recently invaded several Chinese regions,and continues to expand its range.This mealybug is a polyphagous insect pest,with at least 200 host plants from 63 families,including cotton,food crops,fruits,ornamental plants,tobacco,and vegetables.Here,we describe the first finding of P.solenopsis in Shandong Province,and investigate the abundances of its natural enemies(predator Coccinella septempunctata L.and parasitoid Aenasius bambawalei Hayat).All three species were detected from ornamental and weed species in Linyi,Shandong,in September 2018,and were positively identified using DNA barcoding.BLAST analysis revealed significant identity(99.38-100%) between sequences of P.solenopsis obtained in this study and those published in the past.This invasive pest represents a major potential threat to agri-horticulture in Shandong,which is a key province of China for production and export of many vegetables,flowers,fruits,and other crops.This mealybug species has a wide range of potential distribution in Shandong and is easily dispersed with agricultural and horticultural transport products.Further monitoring and management strategies are required to limit the spread of this pest species.
文摘Six kinds of cxtracts drawn from Ajuga multiflora and .A. multliflora var. brevispicala and A. multiflora var.serotina using methanol and acetone were used in this experiment to test their killing activity to the second instar larvae ofHypantria cunea and their influence on its natural enemics. The average death rate caused by those extracts on the secondinstar larvae was 85.70%. The mortality rate caused by the extracts drawn with methanol was from 88.89% to 96.33%,which was significal1tly l1igl1er tl1a11 tl1at caused by acetol1e extracts. 'I11osc extracts were satt to TrchogranInIa `Ie)uI,xiIinIi,Coccinella septempunctata, the natural enelnies of H. cunea. We did not found any evidence shown that those extracts hadany influence the emergence and the devclopment of T. dendrolimi. Those methanolic extracts gotten from A. multiflora andA. multiflora var. brevispicata had no significant effects on the mortality of the larvae and adults of C. septenrpunctala.Those eXtracts could be used in the control of H cunea sattly.
文摘为了评估除草剂对七星瓢虫Coccinella septempunctata的毒性影响和初级风险,采用药膜法进行了3种除草剂的急性接触毒性测试,并评估其初级风险。结果表明:10%噁唑酰草胺乳油、10%噁嗪草酮悬浮剂和20%异噁唑草酮悬浮剂对七星瓢虫的急性接触毒性分别为LR_(50)>3.61×10^(2)g a.i./ha,LR_(50)>1.485×10^(2) g a.i./ha,LR_(50)>3.60×10^(2) g a.i./ha。10%噁唑酰草胺乳油、10%噁嗪草酮悬浮剂和20%异噁唑草酮悬浮剂的相对安全系数<5,属于中等及以下风险农药,对七星瓢虫的农田内和农田外喷雾场景风险均可接受(危害商分别为HQ_(in)<0.997,HQ_(in)<2.000,HQ_(in)<1.000,HQ_(in)均<5;HQ_(off)<0.020,HQ_(off)<0.020,HQ_(off)<0.020,HQ_(off)均<5)。综上所述,上述3种除草剂在田间应用时对七星瓢虫安全。
