速生材制生物机械浆的研究(Ⅰ)——泡桐(Paulownia elongate)真菌预处理机械浆

研究了泡桐（Ｐａｕｌｏｗｎｉａｅｌｏｎｇａｔｅ）木片用三种真菌（ＰｈａｎｅｒｏｃｈａｅｔｅｃｈｒｙｓｏｓｐｏｒｉｕｍＭＥ４４６及其变异株ＬＩＰ１４和商品菌Ｏｐｈｉｓｔｏｍａｐｉｌｉｆｅｒｕｍ）预处理制生物机械浆。测定了预处理对木片主要化学组成、磨浆能耗、纸浆强度的影响。结果表明：（１）ＬＩＰ１４及ＭＥ４４６预处理后，木片失重４３１％～５４２％，其中１９６％～２１６％为木质素损失；Ｏ．Ｐ．菌预处理后，木片热水抽出物降低了３３１％，苯醇抽出物减少１２１％；（２）磨浆度５５°ＳＲ，三种菌可节省能耗１３２％～２２４％，裂断长提高７９％～３０％，耐破度提高１５２％～８８％，撕裂度提高３８％～１２％，白度下降３％～４％ＩＳＯ，光散射系数下降１００％～１４６％，不透明度变化不大。综合能耗节省与强度性质的提高，ＬＩＰ１４优于Ｏ．Ｐ．菌，Ｏ．Ｐ．菌优于ＭＥ４４６。

Anti-inflammatory Activity and Mechanism of Total Flavonoids from the Phloem of Paulownia elongate S.Y. Hu in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 Macrophages

The juice leaked from broken phloem of Paulownia elongate S.Y.Hu has been used to cure acute inflammation resulted from stung injury by poisonous insects for a long time in China,but its potential mechanism remains unclear.The present study was designed to evaluate anti-inflammatory activity and mechanism of total flavonoids from the phloem of P.elongate S.Y.Hu in RAW264.7 cells.Lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-induced nitric oxide(NO)was measured by Griess and mRNA of pro-inflammatory mediators was analyzed by q-PCR.Cell viability was measured using cell counting kit(CCK)-8 assay.The protein level was analyzed by Western blot.The results showed that the total flavonoids of P.elongate significantly inhibited the production of the pro-inflammatory mediators such as NO,interleukin(IL)-1β and interleukin(IL)-6 in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells.Total flavonoids of P.elongate exerted potential anti-inflammatory activity through the regulation of several signaling pathways.Total flavonoids of P.elongate inhibited JAK/STAT by blocking JAK2 and STAT3 phosphorylation levels.This is the first report on anti-inflammatory activity of total flavonoids from the phloem of P.elongate,which suggests that the total flavonoids of P.elongate may have great potential for the development of anti-inflammatory drug to treat inflammatory disorders.

Chemokine platelet factor 4 accelerates peripheral nerve regeneration by regulating Schwann cell activation and axon elongation

Schwann cells in peripheral nerves react to traumatic nerve injury by attempting to grow and regenerate.Howeve r,it is unclear what factors play a role in this process.In this study,we searched a GEO database and found that expression of platelet factor 4 was markedly up-regulated after sciatic nerve injury.Platelet factor is an important molecule in cell apoptosis,diffe rentiation,survival,and proliferation.Further,polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemical staining confirmed the change in platelet factor 4 in the sciatic nerve at different time points after injury.Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay confirmed that platelet factor 4 was secreted by Schwann cells.We also found that silencing platelet factor 4 decreased the proliferation and migration of primary cultured Schwann cells,while exogenously applied platelet factor 4 stimulated Schwann cell prolife ration and migration and neuronal axon growth.Furthermore,knocking out platelet factor 4 inhibited the prolife ration of Schwann cells in injured rat sciatic nerve.These findings suggest that Schwann cell-secreted platelet factor 4 may facilitate peripheral nerve repair and regeneration by regulating Schwann cell activation and axon growth.Thus,platelet factor 4 may be a potential therapeutic target for traumatic peripheral nerve injury.

Eagle’s Syndrome: A Case Report of a Bilateral Elongated Styloid Process

Eagle’s syndrome is symptomatic of the styloid process (SP) elongation or calcification of the stylohyoid and stylomandibular ligaments. As a result of Eagle’s various studies, 4 out of every 100 patients showed that the styloid process was long. However only 4% of these cases are symptomatic [1]. Surgical traumas such as tonsillectomy or stylomandibular chronic irritation of the ligament, proc. of styloideusosteitis, ossifying periosteitis, tendinitis or mucositis why could it be [2]. The main symptoms are facial pain, dysphagia, sore throat, earache and headache. It may be unilateral or bilateral. The styloid process can be shortened through an intraoral or external approach. The case of Eagle syndrome in a 39-year-old female patient who was diagnosed to have bilateral elongated.

Strigolactones modulate cotton fiber elongation and secondary cell wall thickening

Cotton is one of the most important economic crops in the world,and it is a major source of fiber in the textile industry.Strigolactones(SLs)are a class of carotenoid-derived plant hormones involved in many processes of plant growth and development,although the functions of SL in fiber development remain largely unknown.Here,we found that the endogenous SLs were significantly higher in fibers at 20 days post-anthesis(DPA).Exogenous SLs significantly increased fiber length and cell wall thickness.Furthermore,we cloned three key SL biosynthetic genes,namely GhD27,GhMAX3,and GhMAX4,which were highly expressed in fibers,and subcellular localization analyses revealed that GhD27,GhMAX3,and GhMAX4 were localized in the chloroplast.The exogenous expression of GhD27,GhMAX3,and GhMAX4 complemented the physiological phenotypes of d27,max3,and max4 mutations in Arabidopsis,respectively.Knockdown of GhD27,GhMAX3,and GhMAX4 in cotton resulted in increased numbers of axillary buds and leaves,reduced fiber length,and significantly reduced fiber thickness.These findings revealed that SLs participate in plant growth,fiber elongation,and secondary cell wall formation in cotton.These results provide new and effective genetic resources for improving cotton fiber yield and plant architecture.

Lateral root elongation in maize is related to auxin synthesis and transportation mediated by N metabolism under a mixed NO_(3)^(–) and NH_(4)^(+) supply

A mixed nitrate (NO_(3)^(–)) and ammonium (NH_(4)^(+)) supply can promote root growth in maize (Zea mays),however,the changes in root morphology and the related physiological mechanism under different N forms are still unclear.Here,maize seedlings were grown hydroponically with three N supplied in three different forms (NO_(3)^(–)only,75/25 NO_(3)^(–)/NH_(4)^(+)and NH_(4)^(+)only).Compared with sole NO_(3)^(–)or NH_(4)^(+),the mixed N supply increased the total root length of maize but did not affect the number of axial roots.The main reason was the increased total lateral root length,while the average lateral root (LR) length in each axle was only slightly increased.In addition,the average LR density of 2nd whorl crown root under mixed N was also increased.Compared with sole nitrate,mixed N could improve the N metabolism of roots (such as the N influx rate,nitrate reductase (NR) and glutamine synthase (GS)enzyme activities and total amino content of the roots).Experiments with exogenously added NR and GS inhibitors suggested that the increase in the average LR length under mixed N was related to the process of N assimilation,and whether the NR mediated NO synthesis participates in this process needs further exploration.Meanwhile,an investigation of the changes in root-shoot ratio and carbon (C) concentration showed that C transportation from shoots to roots may not be the key factor in mediating lateral root elongation,and the changes in the sugar concentration in roots further proved this conclusion.Furthermore,the synthesis and transportation of auxin in axial roots may play a key role in lateral root elongation,in which the expression of ZmPIN1B and ZmPIN9 may be involved in this pathway.This study preliminarily clarified the changes in root morphology and explored the possible physiological mechanism under a mixed N supply in maize,which may provide some theoretical basis for the cultivation of crop varieties with high N efficiency.

速生材制生物机械浆研究 Ⅱ、泡桐(Paulowniaelongata)酶液预处理机械浆

研究了兰考泡桐（Ｐａｕｌｏｗｎｉａｅｌｏｎｇａｔａ）木片用４种酶液（纤维素酶液ＥＳ２８、半纤维素酶ＥＡｎ７６、木质素酶Ｅ０２５及Ｅ０１４）预处理制生物机械浆。测定了预处理对木片主要化学组成、磨浆能耗、纸浆强度的影响。结果表明：（１）Ｅ０１４、Ｅ０２５、ＥＳ２８、ＥＡｎ７６预处理后，木片失重３．１８％～３．７２％，其中３．９％～１８．６％为木质素损失，纤维素损失则高达３８．２％～４６．２％；（２）磨浆度为５５ＳＲ时，４种酶液可节省能耗２．０％～７．０％，裂断长变化为－１８．１％～７．９％，耐破度变化为－１３％～７．３％，撕裂度为－１２．９％～８．４％，光学性质（如白度、光散射系数）变化不大，不透明度几乎不变。综合能耗节省与强度性质的提高，Ｅ０１４及ＥＡｎ７６效果较好，ＥＳ２８则由于纤维素酶对纤维的损伤效果不佳，Ｅ０２５效果则一般。

海洋细菌Halomonas elongate的次级代谢产物研究

目的对具有抗肿瘤活性的海洋细菌Halomonas elongate进行次级代谢产物的分离、纯化及抗肿瘤活性研究。方法通过大孔吸附树脂、硅胶、ODS、Sephadex LH-20凝胶柱色谱等分离纯化手段,对H.elongate的次级代谢产物进行分离纯化;根据1H NMR谱、13C NMR谱及MS分析,并结合文献确定结构;采用MTT法对分离得到的次级代谢产物进行活性检测。结果从海洋细菌H.elongate的发酵粗提物中分离鉴定3个化合物,分别为胸腺嘧啶-2＇-脱氧核苷（1）、环（L-甘氨酸-L-脯氨酸）二肽（2）、1-（2＇-脱氧-β-D-赤式-呋喃戊糖）-1氢-1,2,4-三嗪酮（3）,活性检测结果显示3个化合物对人肺癌细胞H1299生长活性均无显著抑制作用（IC50〉20μmol/L）。结论化合物1~3均为首次从Halomonas中分离得到。

Screening for Rice Germplasms with Specially-Elongated Mesocotyl

The lengths of mesocotyl in the seedlings of 84 lowland rice varieties and 12 upland rice varieties were measured following the treatments of daylight and darkness during germination. The elongation of mesocotyl in the varieties tested was inhibited under daylight condition, and the mesocotyl of all the varieties elongated variably under darkness condition. The elongated lengths of the mesocotyl in upland rice, ranging from 0.36 cm to 1,61 cm with an average of 0.81 cm, was obviously longer than those in lowland rice, ranging from 0.12 cm to 1.56 cm with an average of 0.42 cm. Among 14 rice varieties with over 1 cm of mesocotyl length, five belonged to upland rice, and nine to lowland rice. The possible utilization of the elongated-mesocotyl rice germplasm in varietal imorovement, direct-seeded plantina and seed ouritv testina were discussed.

Muco-submucosal elongated polyps of the gastrointestinal tract:A case series and a review of the literature

We present three cases of gastrointestinal muco-submucosal elongated polyps,two located in the duodenum and one in the descending colon.All three cases had a characteristic,"worm-like" endoscopic appearance and were lined by unremarkable mucosa.The vascular component was located in the submucosa and was composed of a mixture of variably dilated blood vessels(capillaries and veins) and lymphatics.The duodenal polyps displayed lipomatous metaplasia of the submucosal stroma.The dual vascular phenotype of the vascular component was confirmed by immunohistochemistry with D2-40 and CD31.

Spatial pattern of paulownia witches' broom and its effects on the growth of Paulownia elongata in Shaanxi Province,China

The spatial pattern of paulownia witches＇ broom was investigated using an Iwao＇s （m^＊-m） model in Shaanxi Province, China. Iwao＇s （m^＊-m） model revealed that spatial pattern of paulownia witches＇ broom exhibited a uniform distribution in sample plots. In this model, characteristics of contagiousness coefficient （a） justified the probability of infection by virus-transmission vectors. For tree age less than six, susceptible individuals were aggregated as clusters in the plots and then mutually repelled over age. A preliminary survey of stand volume show that from age five to six, stand volumes of disease grade II showed excessive vegetative growth and returned to normal level between ages ten and 11. Loss rate of volume increment with disease grade II decreased, and then returned to raising trend both at grades III and IV. This phenomenon is possibly caused by an over-compensation effect and by environmental factors. The redundancy of growth hormones in branches, shoots, leaves, buds and roots increased the stem volume of entire trees.

我国极小种群野生植物长序榆(Ulmus elongate)的分布格局和群落调查

长序榆(Ulmus elongate),隶属于榆科(Ulmaceae)榆属(Ulmus),为我国Ⅱ级重点保护植物,是我国极小种群野生植物之一。本文通过对馆藏标本以及文献资料的整理,掌握长序榆在我国的基本分布情况;基于实地考察,分析长序榆的群落特征以及生态因子对其生长的影响。结果显示:1)长序榆主要分布在我国华东亚热带中、低海拔地区;2)该植物的采集标本较少,某些地区有文献记载而无标本采集记录;3)长序榆天然更新困难,生存环境脆弱。最后,结合标本和文献信息,绘制了该物种的分布图,并对其分布格局以及群落调查结果进行了讨论。

Experimental study of gas-water elongated bubble flow during production logging

In order to improve the interpretation of production log data on gas-water elongated bubble （EB） flow in horizontal wells, a multi-phase flow simulation device was set up to conduct a series of measurement experiments using air and tap water as test media, which were measured using a real production logging tool （PLT） string at different deviations and in different mixed flow states. By understanding the characteristics and mechanisms of gas-water EB flow in transparent experimental boreholes during production logging, combined with an analysis of the production log response characteristics and experimental production logging flow pattern maps, a method for flow pattern identification relying on log responses and a drift-flux model were proposed for gas-water EB flow. This model, built upon experimental data of EB flow, reveals physical mechanisms of gas-water EB flow during measurement processing. The coefficients it contains are the specific values under experimental conditions and with the PLT string used in our experiments. These coefficients also reveal the interference with original downhole flow patterns by the PLT string. Due to the representativeness that our simulated flow experiments and PLT string possess, the model coefficients can be applied as empirical values of logging interpretation model parameters directly to real production logging data interpretation, when the measurement circumstances and PLT strings are similar.

Generalized flyby trajectories around elongated minor celestial bodies as a rotating mass dipole

The aim of this paper is to understand the common characteristics of the generalized flyby trajectory around natural elongated bodies. Such flyby trajectories provide a short-term mechanism to clear away vicinal objects or temporally capture ejecta into circling orbits. The gravitational potential of elongated bodies is described by a unified approximate model, i.e., the rotating mass dipole which is two point masses connected with a constant massless rod The energy power is used to illustrate the flyby effect in terms of the instantaneous orbital energy. The essential of the single flyby trajectory is studied analytically, and the relationship between the flyby trajectory and its Jacobi integral is also illustrated. Sample trajectories are given to show the variational trend of the energy increment with respect to differen orbital periapsides. The distribution of natural ejecting orbits is presented by varying the parameters of the approximate model.

The Character and Formation of Elongated Depressions on the Upper Bulgarian Slope

Seafloor elongated depressions are indicators of gas seepage or slope instability. Here we report a sequence of slopeparallel elongated depressions that link to headwalls of sediment slides on upper slope. The depressions of about 250 m in width and several kilometers in length are areas of focused gas discharge indicated by bubble-release into the water column and methane enriched pore waters. Sparker seismic profiles running perpendicular and parallel to the coast, show gas migration pathways and trapped gas underneath these depressions with bright spots and seismic blanking. The data indicate that upward gas migration is the initial reason for fracturing sedimentary layers. In the top sediment where two young stages of landslides can be detected, the slopeparallel sediment weakening lengthens and deepens the surficial fractures, creating the elongated depressions in the seafloor supported by sediment erosion due to slope-parallel water currents.

ELONGATED-NEEDLE TREATMENT OF URINARY INCONTINENCE CAUSED BY APOPLEXY

In the present paper, the effect of deep insertion of elongated needle onto pelvic nerve(pelvic plexus) for treatment of 32 cases of urinary incontinence caused by apoplexy was observed andcompared to that of filiform needle group (25 cases). Results showed that the total effective rates ofthe elongated needle group and the filiform needle group were 96. 88 % and 68 % respectively, display-ing a significant difference (P【0.05) between the two groups. In addition, mechanisms of elongatedneedle in treatment of incontinence of urine were analyzed preliminarily.

TREATMENT OF 67 CASES OF GASTROPTOSIS WITH ELONGATED NEEDLE(芒针)

Sixty-seven patients with gastroptosis were treated by stimulating Guanmen (ST 22)and Taiyi (ST 23) acupoints with elongated needles, obtaining a satisfactory result. Of them, 52 caseswere cured, 7 cases markedly effective and 8 cases ineffective. The total effective rate was 88%.

CLINICAL OBSERVATION ON 540 CASES OF GASTROPTOSIS TREATED WITH ELONGATED NEEDLE

Point penetration method by elongated needle and lifting manipulation were adopted totreat gastroptosis, getting marked effect. In this series of 540 cases, the cure rate was 40. 7 % and thetotal effective rate was 90. 7 %. There was a close relationship between the therapeutic effect and thedegree of gastroptosis, the cure rate of I° gastroptosis was 77. 6%, while that of Ⅲ° gastroptosis wasonly 11. 8 %. There was a very significant difference between them(P < 0. 001 )

CLINICAL OBSERVATION ON THE TREATMENT OF CHRONIC FATIGUE SYNDROME WITH DEEPLY PUNCTURED ELONGATED NEEDLE COMBINED WITH COMPREHENSIVE NURSING

Objective: To observe the therapeutic effect of deep puncture of Zusanli (足三里ST 36) and Qihai (气海CV 6) with elongated needle combined with comprehensive nursing in the treatment of chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) so as to provide new way and effective method for CFS. Methods: A total of 100 cases of CFS patients were evenly randomized into treatment group and control group which were treated with elongated needle puncture of ST 36 and CV 6 plus nursing and oral administration of Shiquan Dabu Tang (十全大补汤Decoction of Ten Powerful Tonics) separately. Acupuncture and medication were given once daily, with 7 sessions being a therapeutic course, 4 courses altogether. Results: After 4 courses of treatment, of the two 50 cases in treatment and control groups, 4 (8.0%) and 2 (4.0%) were cured, 37 (74.0%) and 16 (32.0%) experienced marked improvement, 6 (12.0%) and 19 (38.0%) had improvement, 3 (6.0%) and 13 (26.0%) failed, with the total effective rates being 94.0% (47/50) and 74.0% (37/50) respectively. The total effective rate and markedly effective rate of treatment group were significantly higher than those of control group (P<0.05, 0.01). Conclusion: Deep puncture of Zusanli (ST 36) and Qihai (CV 6) with elongated needle combined with comprehensive nursing has a definite therapeutic effect in the treatment of chronic fatigue syndrome.

A homeodomain-leucine zipper I transcription factor, MeHDZ14,regulates internode elongation and leaf rolling in cassava(Manihot esculenta Crantz)

Drought stress impairs plant growth and other physiological functions. MeHDZ14, a homeodomainleucine zipper I transcription factor, is strongly induced by drought stress in various cassava cultivars.However, the role of MeHDZ14 in cassava growth regulation has remained unclear. Here we report that MeHDZ14 affected plant height, such that a dwarf phenotype and altered internode elongation were observed in transgenic cassava lines. MeHDZ14 was found to negatively regulate the biosynthesis of lignin. Its overexpression resulted in abaxially rolled leaves. The morphogenesis of leaf epidermal cells was inhibited by overexpression of MeHDZ14, with decreased auxin and gibberellin and increased cytokinin contents. MeHDZ14 was found to regulate many drought-responsive genes, including genes involved in cell wall synthesis and expansion. MeHDZ14 bound to the promoter of caffeic acid 3-Omethyltransferase 1(MeCOMT1), acting as a transcriptional repressor of genes involved in cell wall development. MeHDZ14 appears to act as a negative regulator of internode elongation and epidermal cell morphogenesis during cassava leaf development.