Effect of fermented Rosa roxburghii Tratt fruit juice on gut microbiota in a dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis mouse model

This study mainly investigated the regulatory effect of Rosa roxburghii Tratt fruit juice fermented by Lacticaseibacillus paracasei SR10-1(LAB-RRTJ)on modulating gut microbiota in dextran sulfate sodium(DSS)-induced ulcerative colitis in mice.Compared to control group,DSS induction decreased body weight of mice,indexes of Shannon,Simpson,Chao1 and Faith_pd,and increased disease activity index(DAI)and levels of interleukin 1β(IL-1β),IL-6,tumor necrosis factorα(TNF-α)and interferon-γ(IFN-γ);And this induction also led to an increase in Proteobacteria,Verrucomicrobia and Actinobacteria at phylum level,harmful bacterial species richness at genus level,and relative richness of S.sciuri,Desulfovibrio C21_c20,R.gnavus and Akkermansia muciniphila at species level,and a decrease in Firmicutes at phylum level and relative richness of B.acidifaciens in mice.LAB-RRTJ increased body weight of mice with DSS induced ulcerative colitis(UC)and indexes of Shannon,Simpson,Chao1 and Faith_pd,reduced DAI and the content of four infl ammatory factors and improved gut microbiota imbalance in DSS induced UC mice.Besides,the number of operational taxonomic units(OTUs)increased,α-diversity andβ-diversity were restored and similar to those in mice in the control group after LAB-RRTJ treatment.Compared with the positive drug treatment group,LAB-RRTJ has a better effect on regulating gut microbiota diversity in colitis mice.Correlation analysis showed that infl ammatory factors were positively correlated with harmful bacteria and negatively correlated with beneficial bacteria which commonly found in some colitis mice.Taken together,our study demonstrated that LAB-RRTJ could alleviate DSS-induced colitis in mice through the modulation of infl ammatory cytokines and gut microbiota composition.

Identification of key genes regulating the synthesis of quercetin derivatives in Rosa roxburghii through integrated transcriptomics and metabolomics

Rosa roxburghii fruit is rich in flavonoids, but little is known about their biosynthetic pathways. In this study, we employed transcriptomics and metabolomics to study changes related to the flavonoids at five different stages of R. roxburghii fruit development. Flavonoids and the genes related to their biosynthesis were found to undergo significant changes in abundance across different developmental stages, and numerous quercetin derivatives were identified. We found three gene expression modules that were significantly associated with the abundances of the different flavonoids in R. roxburghii and identified three structural UDP-glycosyltransferase genes directly involved in the synthesis of quercetin derivatives within these modules. In addition, we found that RrBEH4, RrLBD1 and RrPIF8could significantly increase the expression of downstream quercetin derivative biosynthesis genes. Taken together,these results provide new insights into the metabolism of flavonoids and the accumulation of quercetin derivatives in R. roxburghii.

Determination of 13 Trace Elements in Anshun Thorn Pear (Rosa roxburghii) and Golden Thorn Pear (Rosa sterilis S.D.Shi) by ICP-MS

[Objectives] This study was conducted to establish an analytical method for the establishment of 13 trace elements in Anshun thorn pear(Rosa roxburghii) and golden thorn pear(Rosa sterilis S. D. Shi). [Methods] Nitric acid was used as the digestion system for microwave digestion. Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry(ICP-MS) was used to determine the trace elements in thorn pear and golden thorn pear. [Results] Be, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Co, Ni, As, Sr, Mo, Cd, Sb and Hg were determined by ICP-MS method in thorn pear and golden thorn pear. The correlation coefficients of the regression equations of the elements were higher than 0.996; the precision RSD was lower than 2.87%; and the recovery ranged from 94.3% to 109.8%. [Conclusions] The method has the advantages of high sensitivity, good accuracy and simultaneous detection of multiple elements, and provides a reference method and theoretical basis for determining trace elements in thorn pear and golden thorn pear and other fruits.

Changes of Endogenous Hormone Contents in Fruit, Seeds and Their Effects on the Fruit Development of Rosa roxburghii

The fruit of cultivar Guinong5 (Rosa roxburghii Tratt.) was used to investigate the regularity of its growth and development, and the changes of endogenous hormone contents during the period of the growth and development. The result showed that contents of GA 1+3, IAA and ZRs in the flower receptacle of young fruit were high and then decreased, contents of GA 1+3and IAA in seeds increased with its development until maturity. The contents of ZRs and ABA in the flower receptacle of young fruits and seeds were high, and then had a tendency of descent with the development of fruits. The contents of GA 1+3, IAA, ZRs and ABA in flower receptacle of young fruit with normal fertilization were much higher than those of in non-fertilization fruits. In the flower receptacle of malformed fruits, the contents of GA 1+3, IAA and ZRs in normally developing flower receptacle were significantly higher than those in malformed fruits. The growth and development of fruits depended largely on the seeds, development because the seeds in the fruits with non-fertilization failed to be formed or even formed but irreproducible, which would lead to the decrease of GA 1+3, IAA contents and the abnormal development of fruits. Therefore the fruits deformed and dropped inevitably.

Chloroplast DNA-based genetic variation of Rosa roxburghii in Southwest China:Phylogeography and conservation implications

Rosa roxburghii Tratt.is a well-known commercial horticultural crop in China with nutritional and medicinal value.Wild germplasms of this species are mainly distributed in Southwest China but the population is decreasing due to continuous exploitation,habitat destruction,and fragmentation.Therefore,assessing the genetic diversity and phylogeography is essential for efficient conservation.Herein,two chloroplast intergenic spacers(trnL-trnF and accD-psaI)were investigated in 255 individuals from 29 R.roxburghii populations and 18 haplotypes(H1–H18)were identified.High levels of haplotype diversity(Hd=0.829)and nucleotide diversity(π=1.3×10^(−3))were detected in these populations.Also,the genetic variation representing 86.4%of the total variation was detected by an analysis of molecular variance.A significant correlation was established between genetic divergence and geographic distance by the Mantel test(r=0.204,P=0.04,9999 permutations),suggesting the isolation-by-distance model.A significantly higher Nst than Gst(Nst=0.257,Gst=0.136,P<0.05)indicated the phylogeographic structure of R.roxburghii.Further phylogeographic analysis revealed rapid range expansion in the population,probably between 647073 and 217848 years ago.The primary processes shaping the genetic patterns of the R.roxburghii populations included restricted gene flow with isolation distance within clades 1-8,2-3,and overall,contiguous expansion within clades 1-3 and 3-2,past fragmentation,and/or long-distance colonization within clades 1-9 and 2-2.Conservation priority should be given to the core populations GZ,FQ,DF,DS,xy,AL,LC,PB,and XY in the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau,NZ and MX in the Qingling-Bashan mountains,and MN in the Hengduan mountains,where an in situ preservation and management strategy should be applied.

Advances in the Study of Anoectochilus Roxburghii Extracts and Prospects for Cosmetic Application Potentials

Cosmetics made from natural ingredients are becoming more and more common because they contain bioactive compounds that provide many health benefits,are more environmentally friendly and sustainable.Anoectochilus roxburghii(AR)is a precious Chinese herb in China,possessing bioactive components including flavonoids,polysaccharides,volatile oils,kinsenoside,etc.Due to its unique bioactivity and high safety,the prospect of development and utilization is very broad.In this paper,the extraction,separation and purification techniques of AR’s flavonoid,polysaccharides,volatile oils and kinsenoside are briefly summarized.Meanwhile,we discusses their conformational relationships in cosmetics with antioxidant,whitening,antibacterial and soothing effect,and looks forward to the study of Anoectochilus roxburghii in the field of cosmetics,with a view to providing references to the development and utilization of this resource in the field of cosmetics.

Mechanism of Rosae Rugosae Flos flavonoids in the treatment of hyperlipidemia and optimization of extraction process based on network pharmacology

This study aims to identify a natural plant chemical with hypolipidemic effects that can be used to treat high cholesterol without adverse reactions.Through network pharmacology screening,it was found that Rosae Rugosae Flos(RF)flavonoids had potential therapeutic effects on hyperlipidemia and its mechanism of action was discussed.TCMSP and GeneCards databases were used to obtain active ingredients and disease targets.Venn diagrams were drawn to illustrate the findings.The interaction network diagram was created using Cytoscape 3.8.0 software.The PPI protein network was constructed using String.GO and KEGG enrichment analysis was performed using Metascape.The results revealed 2 active flavonoid ingredients and 60 potential targets in RF.The key targets,including CCL2,PPARG,and PPARA,were found to play a role in multiple pathways such as the AGE-RAGE signaling pathway,lipid and atherosclerosis,and cancer pathway in diabetic complications.The solvent extraction method was optimized for efficient flavonoid extraction based on network pharmacology prediction results.This was achieved through a single factor and orthogonal test,resulting in an optimum process with a reflux time of 1.5 h,a solid-liquid ratio of 1:13 g/mL,and an ethanol concentration of 50%.

Exploring the mechanism of Crocus sativus and Rosa rugosa for the treatment of coronary heart disease based on network pharmacology and molecular docking

Coronary atherosclerotic heart disease(CHD)is the main type of cardiovascular disease.The efficacy of Uyghur drug compound Saffron formula in CHD has been clinically proven.However,the underlying mechanism remains unclear.In this study,researchers investigated the active ingredients and mechanism of action of Crocus sativus and Rosa rugosa in the treatment of CHD by network pharmacology and molecular docking techniques,collected target information with the help of TCMSP,GEO,GeneCards,and other databases,constructed protein-protein interaction(PPI)network diagrams by STRING database,performed GO and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis on common targets,and finally molecularly docked the active ingredients with core targets.C.sativus-R.rugosa have a variety of polyphenol compounds,a total of 12 active ingredients,including quercetin and kaempferol,were screened.The first three targets intersected with the core targets of CHD as AKT1,TNF,and IL-1B.Enrichment results of KEGG pathway showed that C.sativus-R.rugosa against CHD involved atherosclerosis pathways.The molecular docking results showed that quercetin and kaempferol were well bound to the core targets,and it was speculated that these components might be the main active ingredients for the treatment of CHD.The potential mechanism of action of C.sativus-R.rugosa for the treatment of coronary heart disease was initially revealed.

岷江干旱河谷黄蔷薇(Rosa hugonis)生长与繁殖特征及其空间差异

对乡土植物生长繁殖特征的认识是制定合理的植被恢复及管理措施的基础和依据。通过大面积的野外踏查和样方调查,分析了岷江干旱河谷乡土灌木-黄蔷薇(Rosa hugonis)的分布、生长繁殖特征及空间差异。发现:(1)黄蔷薇主要分布于岷江干旱河谷的茂县段,其植株株高、基径、年龄、丛冠幅、丛的萌生数、丛干重、丛生物量和密度等生长特征存在明显空间差异,除丛萌生数和密度之外海拔对其他各参数都有较大的影响,这些参数的值在高海拔地段大于低海拔地段;(2)黄蔷薇在干旱河谷丛平均萌生数为6.48±0.97株/丛,丛的萌生能力较强,且其受砍伐后具有很强的再生能力;萌生株年龄结构大致为金字塔型,最大植株年龄为25 a;(3)干旱河谷黄蔷薇的结实量较大,平均值为(404.96±106.91)果/丛,结实特征表现出明显的空间差异性;(4)各生长与结实参数关系密切,影响结实量的最主要的生长因素是冠幅和丛干重。研究结果表明:黄蔷薇适应干旱河谷的环境条件,具有较广泛的分布,生长和和繁殖状况良好,是可供选择的干旱河谷恢复物种。

ROSA法快速检测鲜奶中的四环素类和β-内酰胺类药物残留

本文主要探讨应用ROSA法同时快速检测新鲜牛奶中的四环素类和β-内酰胺类药物残留。评价ROSA法的灵敏度和特异性,同时验证ROSA法的检测稳定性,该法10min可出检测结果。

ROSA法快速检测UHT奶中的四环素类和β-内酰胺类药物残留

主要探讨应用ROSA法同时快速检测UHT奶中的四环素类和β-内酰胺类药物残留。评价了ROSA法的灵敏度和特异性,验证了ROSA法的检测稳定性,10 min可出检测结果。

香水月季(Rosa odorata Sweet)不同变种的染色体及核型分析

采用常规压片法对采自11个地点的4个变种进行了以染色体形态和倍性为主的核型分析。结果表明:(1)香水月季原变种是2倍体,核型公式为:2n=2x=14=12m+2sm,核型为1A。(2)大花香水月季4个居群的染色体形态很相似,都是2倍体,核型全为1A,核型公式均是2n=2x=14=12m+2sm,居群间差异主要表现在染色体组的相对长度构成上。(3)桔黄香水月季是2倍体,核型公式为2n=2x=14=10m+4sm,核型为1A。(4)来自不同地方的粉红香水月季在染色体数量和形态上有较大的差异。木家桥和永春的是3倍体,核型公式分别为2n=3x=21=18m+3sm和2n=3x=21=21m;红桥、富民和小河的是2倍体,核型公式分别为2n=2x=14=12m+2sm、2n=2x=14=10m+4sm和2n=2x=14=12m+2sm;除富民的核型为1B外,其他地方的核型均是1A。基于研究结果,讨论了香水月季的核型特征、细胞遗传分化模式、丰富的变异及其在育种中的应用。

‘紫枝’玫瑰(Rosa rugosa ‘Zi zhi’)开花过程花青素相关化合物及代谢途径分析

【目的】分析‘紫枝’玫瑰5个开花时期花瓣中的花青苷、类黄酮苷和类胡萝卜素的种类和含量,推定‘紫枝’玫瑰花的花青苷代谢途径,为探讨玫瑰花色的呈色机理和花色育种提供参考。【方法】以‘紫枝’玫瑰不同开花时期的花瓣为试材,用高效液相色谱(HPLC)和超高效液相色质联用分析法(UPLC-DAD-Q-TOF-MS)对其花青苷、类黄酮苷和类萝卜素进行结构推定和定量分析,结合化学反应过程推测‘紫枝’玫瑰花青苷代谢途径。【结果】在‘紫枝’玫瑰中鉴定出8种花青苷、16种类黄酮苷和β-胡萝卜素,没有检测到叶黄素;花青苷主要以芍药素、飞燕草素、矢车菊素和天竺葵素的双糖苷为主,四类花青苷都在花蕾期和初开期相对含量最高;检测到芍药苷的两种甲基化衍生物,没有发现飞燕草苷的甲基化衍生物;类黄酮苷以槲皮素和山萘酚的糖苷化、酰基化和甲基化的衍生物为主。定量分析显示,芍药苷和飞燕草苷占‘紫枝’玫瑰总花青苷含量的90%以上;芍药苷含量在‘紫枝’玫瑰开花过程中随花色变浅而降低,飞燕草苷在开花过程含量变化不大;芍药苷和飞燕草苷的比例(Pn/Dp)随花色变浅而降低。【结论】‘紫枝’玫瑰花中含有芍药素、飞燕草素、矢车菊素和天竺葵素,这四类花青素在半开期之前完成全部积累,盛开期后只降解不合成。芍药素是形成‘紫枝’玫瑰花色的主要成分。‘紫枝’玫瑰的花青苷代谢途径中,甲基酶(Rr AOMT)的催化作用有底物特异性。

ZFN,TALEN和CRISPR/Cas9在小鼠Rosa26基因定点整合外源基因的效率比较

哺乳动物黑色素的合成依赖于酪氨酸的氧化作用,而酪氨酸酶(Tyr)是催化酪氨酸氧化反应的关键酶,当外源Tyr基因整合进白毛色小鼠基因组中,会使它获得黑色素合成的能力,表现出与原来不同的毛色表型。为方便、快捷地获得Tyr基因整合的小鼠,构建了一个无启动子的pTyr-2A-DsRed同源重组质粒供体,选择Rosa26的第一个内含子作为外源基因整合的靶位点,设计了切割位点几乎一致的ZFN、TALEN和CRISPR/Cas9系统。通过流式对比分析C 2C 12细胞中红色荧光蛋白DsRed的表达水平,比较了3种基因组编辑工具介导的外源基因定点整合效率,结果发现CRISPR/Cas9的效率最高,在此基础上,利用CRISPR/Cas9将供体整合到小鼠胚胎干细胞中,筛选单细胞克隆进行囊胚腔注射和胚胎移植,获得一只存活的嵌合体小鼠,表现出白毛中夹杂黑毛的表型,表明整合到小鼠Rosa26的Tyr基因可以正常表达。

ROSA机器人辅助下立体定向活检术在脑内病变诊断中的作用

目的探讨ROSA机器人引导下立体定向活检术方法及其在脑内病变诊断中的作用。方法回顾性分析2015年6月至2016年9月收治的18例脑内病变患者的临床资料,所有患者均在ROSA机器人辅助下行立体定向活检术。结果 18例活检术阳性率为100%,其中淋巴瘤7例,低级别胶质瘤1例,胶质母细胞瘤4例,间变星形细胞瘤2例,弥漫性星形细胞瘤1例,病毒性脑炎1例,炎性脱髓鞘1例,亚急性出血性脑梗死1例。18例平均手术时间为80 min。术后均未发生永久性神经功能障碍,也无颅内感染;1例术后复查CT示无症状性颅内出血。结论 ROSA机器人辅助下立体定向活检术具有安全、精确、省时等优势,可为脑内病变诊断提供有力技术支持。

大花香水月季(Rosa odorata var. gigantea)茎段组织培养的抗褐化研究

以大花香水月季(R. odorata var. gigantea)单芽茎段为外植体,研究了不同培养基、抗褐化剂以及不同时长黑暗低温预处理对组培过程中褐化的影响。结果表明:WPM培养基为适合的基本培养基;添加有3 g/L活性炭(AC)的培养基中褐化率降至最低的9%,但外植体萌发率远低于2 g/L聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)下的78%,硝酸银(AgNO3)未达到预期效果;24 h的黑暗低温预处理可减轻褐变。试验表明:大花香水月季外植体于4℃下黑暗低温处理24 h后,接种于含有2 g/L PVP的WPM+6-BA 1.5 mg/L+NAA 0.1 mg/L培养基上,3周后褐化率为15%,萌发率可达83.3%。

根癌农杆菌胁迫下多花蔷薇(Rosamultiflora‘Inermis4’)的基因表达分析

多花蔷薇无刺4号(Rosamultiflora‘Inermis4’)对根癌病有较强抗性。以根癌农杆菌(Agrobacteriumtumefaciens)接种多花蔷薇无刺4号为目的材料,刺伤处理为对照,采用抑制差减杂交(suppressionsubtractivehybridization,SSH)方法,构建了富集多花蔷薇根癌病抗性相关基因的差减cDNA文库。差异筛选差减cDNA文库后,随机选取增强表达的92个克隆进行测序,去除冗余的cDNA和病菌的基因片段,共得到53个单一序列。利用GenBank数据库进行核酸和蛋白质同源性比较,获得的cDNA片段功能涉及:细胞分裂、生长(22个克隆),逆境防御、信号转导及激素调节(11个克隆)以及初生与次生代谢(10个克隆)。另有10个基因片段功能未知,可能为新的EST。根据测序及比对分析结果,对多花蔷薇无刺4号抗根癌病的分子机理进行了探讨。

云南滇西北地区蔷薇属(Rosa L.)植物资源调查与评价

对滇西北地区蔷薇属植物的系统调查和资料整理,共记录该地区蔷薇31种;同时分析了该属植物在滇西北的分布规律及生境类型,并利用层次分析法对主要种类的园林应用、经济价值和特有种质进行评价,为保存和利用资源提供依据。

黄刺玫(Rosa xanthina Lindl.)嫩枝扦插生根过程的解剖学研究

文章对黄刺玫嫩枝扦插生根过程中不定根的发生发育进行了解剖学研究,结果表明,黄刺玫插条内未见潜伏根原基,属诱生根原基生根型。黄刺玫的诱生根原基产生于愈伤组织,为较难生根树种。

A Genetic Transformation System for Rosa multiflora Thunb. var. cathayensis Rehd. et Wils through Callus Induction

An efficient genetic transformation system is a preparation for Rosa multi-flora Thunb. var. cathayensis Rehd. et Wils to diversify its flower color through ge-netic engineering. We firstly optimized the explants and culture conditions on callus induction, hormone concentrations and dark period of culture time on bud differentia-tions in particular, with sterilized seedlings to establish the regeneration system of R. multiflora. It showed that callus induction frequency reached 100% after the ex-plants being cultured in dark for 21 d when MS was chosen to be the initial culture medium. The bud differentiation rate was 48% after cal i being cultured under dark for 8 d on MS medium supplemented with TDZ （1.5 mg/L） and NAA （0.05 mg/L）. The cal i was used as the explants that were infected with Agrobacterium tumefa-ciens harboring a DFR-RNAi construct. The transformation rate reached as high as 50%. The establishment of a highly efficient rose gene transformation system out-lined in this report is prerequisite for genetic improvement in rose flower colors.