Analysis of the Antimicrobial Activity of Antimicrobial Peptides Extracted from Immunized Tenebrio molitor Induced by Different Microbial Treatments Against 26 Pathogens

[Objective] The study was to explore whether antimicrobial activity of the antimicrobial peptides extracted from immunized Tenebrio molitor varied with different pathogens as inducers.[Method]By inducing T.molitor hungry larvaes to generate immune response via feeding with bacteria and with fungi or actinomycete post to pricking,the antimicrobial peptides extracts were obtained by grinding and centrifuging the cultures.Its antimicrobial activity against 26 pathogens was measured by bacteriostatic ring,and evaluated by trisection to four types and inhibitory spectrum.[Result]Both the antimicrobial activity and antimicrobial spectrum of the antimicrobial peptides extracts varied remarkably among different pathogens as inducers.[Conclusion]Bio-control used strains have obvious advantage in inducing the insect to express body fluid immunity material-antimicrobial peptides.

Effects of Feeding Corn Stalks on Economic Indicators of Tenebrio molitor

[Objective] The study aimed at reducing the economic cost in feeding Tenebrio molitor and improving the utilization ratio of corn stalks.[Method] The effects of different proportions of corn stalks on the weigh of Tenebrio molitor and the contents of crude protein,crude fat,Ca,P,dry matter and crude ash in the half-dry matter of Tenebrio molitor had been studied in the laboratory.[Result] Compared with the recipes of all wheat bran and pure fine fodder,feeding Tenebrio molitor by applying 30%-60% of corn stalks could significantly improve the content of crude protein in the half-dry materials of Tenebrio molitor,but it was detrimental to the improvement in weight of Tenebrio molitor and the accumulation of crude fat.To be specific,the recipe V（50% of corn stalks ＋ 50% of fine fodder） was beneficial to the accumulation of dry matter and crude ash.The recipe VII（70% of corn stalks ＋ 30% of fine fodder） and the recipe VIII（70% of corn stalks treated with Guangda feed leaven ＋ 30% of fine fodder） were beneficial to the accumulation of crude protein,Ca and P.There were differences among the influences of corn stalks in different treatments on the crude protein and other nutrition indicators of Tenebrio molitor.[Conclusion] Appropriately applying corn stalks can improve the accumulation of the crude protein,crude ash,dry matter,Ca and P of Tenebrio molitor but was detrimental to the growth and development of Tenebrio molitor and the accumulation of crude fat.

离体黄粉虫(Tenebrio molitor L.)成虫咽侧体的活性研究

采用放射化学的方法,测定黄粉虫咽侧体(Corporaallata,CA)体外保幼激素(Juvenilehormone,JH)合成的时间进程、左右侧CA合成JH的对称性以及成虫发育期CA的活性变化。发现CA在离体条件下,培养3h即可,再增加培养时间,JH的合成基本维持不变。一对CA的左侧和右侧的JH合成不是很一致,它们的合成是随机的。成虫发育期,雌雄成虫CA活性在第15天时达到最大。雄成虫CA活性较雌成虫高。

黄粉虫（Tenebrio molitor L．）幼虫体中微量元素的测定

黄粉虫（ＴｅｎｅｂｒｉｏｍｏｌｉｔｏｒＬ．）幼虫体中微量元素的测定王晓容，黄小丹，古芳芳，林栋柱，沈宜昌，郑伟洁（仲恺农业技术学院中心实验室，广州５１０２２５）（仲恺农业技术学院食品科学系，广州５１０２２５）关键词黄粉虫，微量元素，原子吸收ＴＨＥＤＥ...

黄粉虫(Tenebrio molitor)产卵量初探

通过单头隔离和群体饲养黄粉虫成虫观察其产卵量的差异。结果表明：在温度22～28℃及45～65％RH室内饲养条件下，黄粉虫雌雄比是1：1．33．黄粉虫产卵多集中在前40天，40天之后产卵量下降明显，在整个产量期内有明显的阶段性。不同饲养条件下黄粉虫产卵量差异较大。在单头饲养过程中发现产卵量最少仅有3枚／头，有的可多达189枚头，平均17．6枚／头，群体饲养条件下产卵量平均182．02枚／头。

Effects of full replacement of dietary fishmeal with insect meal from Tenebrio molitor on rainbow trout gut and skin microbiota

Background:Aquaculture must continue to reduce dependence on fishmeal(FM)and fishoil in feeds to ensure sustainable sector growth.Therefore,the use of novel aquaculture feed ingredients is growing.In this regard,insects can represent a new world of sustainable and protein-rich ingredients for farmed fish feeds.Accordingly,we investigated the effects of full replacement of FM with Tenebrio molitor(TM)larvae meal in the diet of rainbow trout(Oncorhynchus mykiss)on fish gut and skin microbiota.Methods:A feeding trial was conducted with 126 trout of about 80 g mean initial weight that were fed for 22 weeks with two isonitrogenous,isolipidic,and isoenergetic extruded experimental diets.Partially defatted TM meal was included in one of the diets to replace 100%(TM 100)of FM,whereas the other diet(TM 0)was without TM.To analyse the microbial communities,the Illumina MiSeq platform for sequencing of 16S rRNA gene and Qiime pipeline were used to identify bacteria in the gut and skin mucosa,and in the diets.Results:The data showed no major effects of full FM substitution with TM meal on bacterial species richness and diversity in both,gut mucosa-and skin mucus-associated microbiome.Skin microbiome was dominated by phylum Proteobacteria and especially by Gammaproteobacteria class that constituted approximately half of the bacterial taxa found.The two dietary fish groups did not display distinctive features,except for a decrease in the relative abundance of Deefgea genus(family Neisseriaceae)in trout fed with insect meal.The metagenomic analysis of the gut mucosa indicated that Tenericutes was the most abundant phylum,regardless of the diet.Specifically,within this phylum,the Mollicutes,mainly represented by Mycoplasmataceae family,were the dominant class.However,we observed only a weak dietary modulation of intestinal bacterial communities.The only changes due to full FM replacement with TM meal were a decreased number of Proteobacteria and a reduced number of taxa assigned to Ruminococcaceae and Neisseriaceae families.Conclusions:The data demonstrated that TM larvae meal is a valid alternative animal protein to replace FM in the aquafeeds.Only slight gut and skin microbiota changes occurred in rainbow trout after total FM replacement with insect meal.The mapping of the trout skin microbiota represents a novel contribution of the present study.Indeed,in contrast to the increasing knowledge on gut microbiota,the skin microbiota of major farmed fish species remains largely unmapped but it deserves thorough consideration.

Feed Production for Tenebrio molitor L. by Fermentation of Corn Stalks

In order to reduce the economic costs for breeding Tenebrio molitor L. and increase the utilization rate of corn stalk, with corn, wheat bran and corn stalk as the raw materials, 13 different compound feed were designed by Minitab （R） 15.1.0.0. The design was then divided into two groups based on addition or without addition of vegetable leaves to study the effects of compound feed and vegetable leaves on growth and de- velopment of T. molitor. The results showed that body weight, duration, crude protein content and pupation rate of larvae and emergence rate of adults were significantly affected by compound feed and vegetable leaves （ P 〈 0.05）. The larvae bred with feed 5 had the largest body weight, with the shortest duration; the larvae bred with feed 3 had the highest pupation rate; the larvae bred with feed 7 had the highest crude protein content; the adult bred with feed 9 had the largest emergence rate. Overall breeding effect of feed 7 ＋ vegetable leaves was better than any other groups, with ideal indicators, higher utilization rate and lower breeding cost. Its formula was w （wheat bran） = 33.33%, w （corn） = 33.33%, w （corn stalks） = 33.33%. Therefore, the growth of T. molitorwas significantly affected by feed types, and feed 7 ＋ vegetable leaves could be promoted in the production.

Larvae of mealworm(Tenebrio molitor L.)as European novel food

For centuries, insects have been used as food due to their availability and easiness in raising that is much less burdensome for environment than animal husbandry breeding. Mealworm (Tenebrio molitor L.) is a store-pest of which larvae are consumed by people. The aim of the work was to determine the nutritional value of larvae of mealworm (Tenebrio molitor L.). The material was a three-month-old mealworm larva 25 -30 mmin length. Larvae were boiled for 3 min and next dried in 60℃. Contents of water, ash, minerals, protein, fat and fat acids profile have been determined. Fresh larvae contained 56% of water, 18% of total protein, 22% of total fat and 1.55% of ash. High contents of minerals were found in the larvae: magnesium (87.5 mg/100g), zinc (4.2 mg/100g), iron (3.8 mg/100g), copper (0.78 mg/100g) and manganese (0.44 mg/100g). The proportion of n-6/n-3 fatty acids was very advantageous and amounted to 6.76. Larvae powder contained twice higher content of protein, fat, ash and minerals. Larva of mealworm is a valuable source of nutrients in amounts more profitable for human organism than traditional meat food. Powdered larva is a high-grade product to be applied as a supplement to traditional meals.

Do male and female beetles (Tenebrio molitor) respond differently to rat feces containing eggs from the tapeworm, Hymenolepis diminuta?

Males and females often differ in their susceptibility and exposure to infection. Thus, they may also differ in their ability to avoid infection. The beetle, Tenebrio molitor, risks infection with cysticercoids when ingesting rat feces containing eggs of the tapeworm, Hymenolepis diminuta. Previous studies demonstrated that beetles sometimes prefer infective feces suggesting that the tapeworm influences the foraging behavior of beetles. After recording beetle movement in an arena containing infective and uninfective feces for one hour, sex main effects were not significant, but the effect of sex asked in trials was significant for males. Specifically, more male beetles occurred on the uninfective bait than on the infective bait. This observation suggests that male beetles avoid infective feces, which decreases their probability of infection with H. diminuta. If the cost of infection is higher in males, then selection to avoid infective feces may act more strongly on males.

Does the provision of live black soldier fly and yellow mealworm larvae improve Muscovy duck welfare?

Background The provision of environmental enrichments to Muscovy ducks could reduce the expression of the aggressive behaviors.The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of black soldier fly(BSF)and yellow mealworm(YM)live larva provision on Muscovy duck performance,excreta corticosterone metabolites(ECM),behavior,and blood parameters.Methods A total of 1263-day-old female Muscovy ducklings were allotted to 18 pens(6 replicates/treatment,7 birds/pen)and assigned to 3 experimental treatments:a control group fed commercial feed,and two experimental treatments fed commercial feed plus the 5%(based on the expected daily feed intake,as fed basis)of BSF and YM live larvae(BSF and YM groups,respectively).A two-phase feeding program was applied:starter(from 3 to 31 days of age)and grower-finisher(from 32 to 55 days of age).The live weight,average daily gain,average daily feed intake,and feed conversion ratio were calculated.Larva consumption times were collected,and video recordings were performed during 3 periods(P)each day:the hour before(P1),during(P2),and after(P3)the larva administration.ECM were evaluated at 3,31,and 55-day-old.Finally,the total red and white blood cell counts,serum proteins,lipids,and liver and renal function serum enzymes were evaluated on 12 birds/treatment.Results The experimental treatment did not affect the growth performance of the birds(P>0.05).Larva consumption times were always similar between the two insect species,except at 14–18 days of age,were BSF larvae were consumed faster than YM larvae(P<0.001).The birds showed less walking activity during P2,and preening behavior increased in YM birds during P3.The C birds increased the attack behavior over the weeks(P<0.05).During weeks 1–3 the YM group reduced the attack frequency(P1>P3;P<0.05).Finally,the provision of live BSF and YM larvae significantly reduced the ECM at 55 days of age and the heterophil to lymphocyte ratio(P<0.05).Conclusions Live BSF and YM larva supplementation in Muscovy duck improves duck welfare,without impairing birds'growth performance.

Effects of Tenebrio molitor larvae and its protein derivatives on the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory capacities of tofu

This study evaluated the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory capacities of tofu fortified with mealworm (Tenebrio molitor larvae) proteins and their derivatives. The synergistic effects of plant- and animal-based proteins as well as the advantages of bioactive peptides were evaluated. Tofu was prepared by soy (S), by mixing in a 1:1 ratio of soy and mealworm powder (SM), soy and mealworm protein isolate (SMPI), and soy and mealworm protein hydrolysate (SMPH). SM, SMPI, and SMPH tofu had different proximate compositions, particularly in terms of their protein and lipid contents, compared to S. Mealworm derived tofus had a higher amount of essential, branched-chain, and total amino acids than S. The in vitro ileal digestibility of SMPH (94.10%) was significantly higher than that of S (58.35%), SM (64.64%), and SMPI (73.38%). Moreover, SM, SMPI, and SMPH had higher antioxidant and radical scavenging capacity and total phenolic content than S. Mealworm derived tofu had strong anti-inflammatory effects against lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, and IL-6. Conclusively, tofu developed from mealworm and its protein derivatives can potentially be used to fortify traditional tofu;SMPH, in particular, has the most significant potential among all tofu variations in terms of functionality and nutritional value, providing added health benefits.

昆虫病原线虫Steinernema longicaudum X-7增效药剂的筛选

测试了19种昆虫生长调节剂、植物源或病毒类药剂对昆虫病原线虫Steinernema longlcaudum X-7的存活和侵染率的影响。筛选9种对线虫存活和侵染率均无影响的药剂，测定其与线虫混用对黄粉虫Tenebrio molitor L．9～11龄幼虫的交互作用。结果显示，各种参试药剂和线虫组合均表现为相加作用。为了进一步确定参试药剂与线虫混用对目标昆虫卵圆齿爪鳃金龟Holotrichia ovata Chang 3龄幼虫的交互作用，本研究选择氟虫脲、除虫脲、灭幼脲、苦参碱、氟啶脲和虫酰肼在低浓度下与线虫混用，除虫脲与线虫混用对测定昆虫处理7d后表现为增效作用，其它药剂与线虫则表现为相加作用；各种参试药剂与线虫组合处理14d后均表现为相加作用。

黄粉虫胰蛋白酶样酶基因TMTLSP全长cDNA的克隆和序列分析

以黄粉虫(Tenebrio molitor)幼虫全RNA逆转录得到的cDNA为模板,参照地鳖(Eupolyphagasinensis)纤溶酶(fibrinolytic enzyme)简并引物,进行温度梯度PCR.以得到的扩增产物为基础,采用RACE得到基因全长cDNA,命名为黄粉虫胰蛋白酶样丝氨酸蛋白酶(Tenebrio molitor trypsin-likeserine protease,TMTLSP).TMTLSP全长869 bp(GenBank No.JN662461),开放阅读框为777 bp,编码258个氨基酸,并具有蛋白酶样特有的起始位点、活性中心预计底物结合位点.经过比对分析,该基因编码的氨基酸序列与赤拟谷盗、谷蠹、光亮扁角水虻、美洲大蠊等多种昆虫的胰蛋白酶或丝氨酸蛋白酶有较高的相似性.本研究将为胰蛋白酶样丝氨酸蛋白酶的提取及研究提供更为广泛的材料及研究依据.

Bacterial Expression and Purification of an Active ω-Atracotoxin-Ar1b from Spider Atrax robustus

The ω-atracotoxin-Arlb toxin （ω-ACTX-Arl b） is one of the arthropod-selective peptide neurotoxins from the venom of Australian funnel-web spider Atrax robustus. The gene of Arlb was synthesized and cloned into pET-32a（＋） vector to allow expression of Arlb as a fusion protein with thioredoxin and the His-tag （rTrx-Arlb） in E. coli BL21 （DE3）. The optimal condition for inducing the expression ofrTrx-Arl b was 1.0 mmol L-1 IPTG for 6 h at 28℃. The fusion protein rTrx- Arlb was expressed in soluble form and was purified effectively by HisTrap HP affinity column and rpHLPC and a final yield of purified rTrx-Arlb was 95 mg from 1 000 mL E. coli culture. The LD50 values for Mythimna separate and Tenebrio molitor were 111.66 and 11.04 ug g-1 determined by injection of the purified rTrx-Arlb. The results indicated that the recombinant Arlb protein was successfully expressed in E. coli and it was high toxicity against tested insects.

Isolation and molecular characterization of entomopathogenic nematode,Heterorhabditis sp.from an arable land in Nigeria

The occurrence of entomopathogenic nematodes(EPNs)in arable soil samples from Nigeria was investigated using Baermann extraction tray and insect-bait(White’s trap)techniques.Isolates were tested for infectivity using the larvae of Galleria mellonella(greater moth)and Tenebrio molitor(mealworm).The study revealed a new species of Heterorhabditis(MT371593)in soil samples that were randomly collected from an arable farmland cultivated with cassava TMS-30572 at the Teaching and Research Farm of Landmark University,Nigeria.Amplification of the internal transcribed spacer region(ITS)of the ribosomal DNA produced a nucleotide sequence of 933 base pairs(bp).A BLASTN search of GenBank showed that the sequence of the Nigerian isolate is identical at 99%similarity to that of Heterorhabditis sp.from Thailand.Infectivity test of the isolate showed 100%mortality against T.molitor larvae within 48 h of exposure while only 80%mortality was recorded for G.mellonella after 1 week of exposure.This is the first account of Heterorhabditis sp.in Nigeria.The varying degrees of infectivity against mealworm and greater moth observed in this study proved that the Nigerian isolate of Heterorhabditis sp.could potentially be an attractive option in the management of insect pests of cash crops.

黄粉虫抗菌肽的诱导·分离及其抗菌活性研究

[目的]探讨不同方法诱导对黄粉虫抗菌肽活性的影响,为黄粉虫抗菌肽的修饰改造、分子克隆、外源表达等奠定基础。[方法]选7龄、8龄、9龄的黄粉虫幼虫,以巴氏杆菌和沙门氏菌为诱导菌采用微量注射法、针刺法诱导抗菌肽,对不同菌液浓度和不同方法诱导的不同龄期黄粉虫幼虫抗菌肽的抑菌效果进行研究。[结果]①黄粉虫龄期对抗菌肽活性有显著影响。采用巴氏杆菌和沙门氏菌作为诱导菌,对7龄、8龄和9龄黄粉虫进行诱导,在诱导处理中,8龄幼虫诱导的抗菌肽活性显著大于其他龄期幼虫诱导的抗菌肽活性(P<0.05)。②不同菌液浓度诱导黄粉虫幼虫产生的抗菌肽抑菌活性存在差异。菌液浓度为对数期浓度稀释100倍时抗菌肽活性显著大于其他稀释倍数诱导的抗菌肽活性(P<0.05)。③不同方法诱导产生的抗菌肽抑菌活性存在差异。微量注射诱导的抗菌肽活性显著大于针刺诱导的抗菌肽活性(P<0.05)。④2种细菌诱导的抗菌肽活性有显著差异。采用沙门氏菌诱导的抗菌肽最高活性显著大于采用巴氏杆菌诱导的抗菌最高活性(P<0.05)。[结论]黄粉虫抗菌肽的活性受黄粉虫龄期、诱导源微生物种类、菌液浓度、诱导方法的影响。该研究中,以8龄黄粉虫为试验动物,采用对数期沙门氏菌液稀释100倍进行微量注射法诱导,所获得的抗菌肽活性最好。

黄粉虫在鱼类养殖中的应用研究进展

由于鱼粉和豆粕的短缺和价格的居高不下,寻求优质蛋白的替代品迫在眉睫。黄粉虫作为一种高蛋白、易饲养、低成本的昆虫资源,在水产动物饲料蛋白的替代上极具发展潜力。文章综合阐述了黄粉虫的价值以及其对鱼类生长性能、肌肉品质、免疫抗氧化和肝肠健康的影响,以期为新型水产动物饲料的研发提供参考资料。

大麦虫和黄粉虫转化塑料效率对比及饲料配比优化

为探究不同“聚苯乙烯-麦麸”饲料配比下对大麦虫、黄粉虫及两种昆虫混合种群对塑料取食效率、取食后的存活、发育情况,以及降解聚苯乙烯的最佳饲料配比,本实验共设置5个处理Feed1(1∶9),Feed2(3∶7),Feed3(5∶5),CK1(10∶0),CK2(0∶10)。结果表明,大麦虫和黄粉虫的生长性能及聚苯乙烯取食量随着聚苯乙烯含量的升高而降低。混合饲养大麦虫和黄粉虫比单独饲养更有助于降解更多的聚苯乙烯,取食率高达(77.03±3.25)%,但混合饲养中的黄粉虫存活率极低,低至(8.67±2.82)%。单独饲养的黄粉虫存活率较其他饲虫比高,高达(81.33±2.59)%,但其聚苯乙烯取食率最高仅为(28.22±2.96)%,远不及单独饲养的大麦虫。在实验期间,黄粉虫化蛹率最高为(77.67±3.85)%,而大麦虫未出现化蛹现象,大麦虫幼虫的生长周期比黄粉虫幼虫长(幼虫期取食塑料),所以大麦虫对塑料的取食情况较好。而单独饲养的大麦虫,Feed1(1∶9)的存活率和聚苯乙烯的取食率均最高,分别为(44.67±1.81)%、(66.18±2.26)%。综上,单独饲养的大麦虫的Feed1(1∶9)配比较优,既能保证大麦虫的正常生长发育,又能降解较多的聚苯乙烯,可为规模化养殖大麦虫、黄粉虫以及降解塑料提供实验依据。

食含镉大米黄粉虫的存活率及虫体镉含量研究

黄粉虫(Tenebrio molitor Linnaeus)取食含镉大米后其虫体镉含量关系到该资源昆虫的安全利用和稻米资源的安全有效使用。采用镉含量0.25、0.40、0.79、1.10 mg/kg自然含镉大米饲喂黄粉虫三龄幼虫测定其30 d内的存活率,并将上述自然含镉大米与调制镉含量至0.20、0.40、0.80、1.20 mg/kg含镉大米对比测定了黄粉虫幼虫取食后相应的虫体、虫蜕和空肠3 d后的虫体镉含量,并计算了相应虫体中污染物生物蓄积因子(BAF值)。结果发现,用镉含量0.25、0.40 mg/kg的自然含镉大米饲喂30 d后黄粉虫三龄幼虫存活率与接近不含镉的对照大米饲喂的其三龄幼虫存活率无显著差异,用镉含量0.79、1.10 mg/kg自然含镉大米饲喂30 d时三龄幼虫存活率在87%以上。黄粉虫三龄和六龄幼虫取食镉含量0.25 mg/kg的自然含镉大米和镉含量0.20 mg/kg的调制含镉大米至10 d时,虫体镉含量高于对照大米饲喂相应幼虫虫体镉含量的近10倍,大米中镉含量增大和饲喂时间延长使幼虫体内镉含量相应地显著增加。采用镉含量分别为1.10、1.20 mg/kg自然含镉和调制含镉大米饲喂30 d后三龄幼虫取食体镉含量分别达1.03、1.73 mg/kg,存活幼虫体内镉累积明显。幼虫取食含镉大米相同时间后测得的BAF值随大米中镉含量增加相应变小。黄粉虫幼虫取食含镉大米后镉多数滞留于虫体内,少量进入虫蜕,未检测到经过排泄途径排出。取食镉含量0.40 mg/kg以下的大米后黄粉虫幼虫存活率未受影响,在30 d内大多数(存活率在87%及以上)幼虫个体取食镉含量1.10 mg/kg自然含镉大米可存活、发育、蜕皮、生长等,含镉大米被幼虫取食后镉未经排泄途径排出,幼虫蜕皮会携带部分摄入虫体的镉,饲喂同样镉含量调制含镉大米与自然含镉大米后前者饲喂的黄粉虫体内镉聚集量更多。

以黄粉虫为主要蛋白源时草鱼摄食、生长及抗氧化能力对饲料蛋白质含量的响应研究

实验旨在探究以黄粉虫为主要蛋白源时草鱼摄食、生长及抗氧化能力对饲料蛋白含量的响应。以黄粉虫为主要蛋白源,分别设计6组不同蛋白质水平(25.25%、29.43%、33.38%、37.96%、41.40%、45.70%,分别命名为TMF1、TMF2、TMF3、TMF4、TMF5组和TMF6组)的草鱼饲料,以初始体重(3.63±0.01)g的草鱼苗为实验对象进行为期8周的养殖实验,探究不同黄粉虫蛋白质水平对草鱼生长性能和抗氧化能力的影响。结果表明:(1)不同黄粉虫的添加量除了对存活率和饲料效率的影响不显著外(P>0.05),草鱼的特定生长率、增重率和蛋白质效率都会随着黄粉虫添加量的增加而减少,且TMF1组的上述指标均显著高于TMF4、TMF5和TMF6组(P<0.05),草鱼的摄食率则随着黄粉虫添加量的增加呈先增加后减少的变化趋势;(2)不同黄粉虫含量的饲料对草鱼的肥满度和空壳率没有显著影响(P>0.05),但草鱼的肝体比和肠脂比会随着黄粉虫含量的增加先上升后下降,TMF2组的肠脂比显著高于其他组(P<0.05);(3)草鱼血清中的总蛋白含量随着黄粉虫添加量的增加先上升后下降,TMF4组的总蛋白含量除与TMF3组相近外,显著高于其他组(P<0.05),胆固醇则是在TMF1组显著低于其他组,谷草转氨酶活性在TMF4和TMF6组显著高于TMF1、TMF2和TMF3组(P<0.05),而三酰甘油含量则是随着黄粉虫的添加量的增加而降低,且TMF1组三酰甘油含量显著高于TMF5和TMF6组(P<0.05),血糖含量仅在TMF1组高于TMF2组(P<0.05),其他组间无显著差异(P>0.05);(4)草鱼肝胰脏的超氧化物歧化酶活性、总抗氧化能力、丙二醛含量和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶的活性随着黄粉虫添加量的增加而降低,其中TMF1组谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活性和丙二醛含量显著高于其他组(P<0.05),但是黄粉虫添加量的增加对过氧化氢酶的活性没有显著影响(P>0.05)。本研究表明,草鱼饲料中以黄粉虫为主要蛋白源时,其蛋白质含量不宜超过25.25%,较高的黄粉虫添加量对草鱼的摄食、生长和抗氧化性能产生负面影响。