The Tyrannosauridae,which is characterized by specialized pachydont dentition and putative bone-cracking predatory strategies,is one of the most extensively studied theropod lineages.Although tooth replacement pattern...The Tyrannosauridae,which is characterized by specialized pachydont dentition and putative bone-cracking predatory strategies,is one of the most extensively studied theropod lineages.Although tooth replacement patterns,crucial for understanding feeding behaviors,have been thoroughly studied in this group,studies on non-tyrannosaurid tyrannosauroids are relatively scarce.This study utilizes high-resolution CT data to investigate the tooth replacement pattern in two specimens of Guanlong wucaii,a Late Jurassic tyrannosauroid,and provides insights into the evolution of tooth replacement across Tyrannosauroidea.Second-generation replacement teeth,a rarity observed mainly in giant predatory theropods(e.g.some tyrannosaurids),were detected in the dentary dentition of the juvenile Guanlong.Zahnreihen reconstructions display a consistent cephalad alternating tooth replacement pattern in the maxilla and the dentary of both of the examined individuals,with Z-spacing values exceeding 2.0.As Guanlong grows,the Z-spacing value in the maxillary dentition increases,resembling the ontogenetic changes documented in the Tyrannosauridae.Additionally,like Tarbosaurus,Guanlong also displays a discontinuity between the tooth replacement waves at the premaxilla-maxilla boundary.This study thus demonstrates that some tyrannosaurid-like tooth replacement patterns were acquired before the origin of the Tyrannosauridae.展开更多
Perleididae is a group of stem neopterygian fishes known only from the Triassic.Here,we report the discovery of a new perleidid,Teffichthys wui sp.nov.,based on six well-preserved specimens from the late Smithian(Olen...Perleididae is a group of stem neopterygian fishes known only from the Triassic.Here,we report the discovery of a new perleidid,Teffichthys wui sp.nov.,based on six well-preserved specimens from the late Smithian(Olenekian,Early Triassic)marine deposits of Jurong,Jiangsu and Chaohu,Anhui,China.This new discovery documents the third and youngest species of Teffichthys,which is slightly younger than the Dienerian(Induan)T.elegans from Guizhou and the early Smithian T.madagascariensis from Madagascar.The new species shows diagnostic features of Teffichthys(presence of a spiracular,38-41 lateral line scales,and no more than three epaxial rays in the caudal fin)but differs from T.madagascariensis and T.elegans in some autapomorphies(e.g.,a horizontal opercle/subopercle contact and smooth scales with a nearly straight posterior margin).The diagnostic features for the genus Teffichthys and the family Perleididae are emended based on detailed comparisons of the new taxon with other perleidids.The phylogenetic relationships of perleidids with other stem neopterygians are discussed using a cladistic approach,and the results provide new insights into the phylogeny and classification of main stem neopterygian clades.展开更多
The beginning of the Japanese Upper Paleolithic has mainly been examined using two major models:the Middle Paleolithic evolutionary model within the archipelago and the continental Upper Paleolithic diffusion/migratio...The beginning of the Japanese Upper Paleolithic has mainly been examined using two major models:the Middle Paleolithic evolutionary model within the archipelago and the continental Upper Paleolithic diffusion/migration model.However,recent archeological data from Japan and nearby countries are challenging such simple models.This paper critically reviews previous chronology of the Japanese Paleolithic,including possible Lower and Middle Paleolithic(LP/MP),and attempts to show an alternative model of the beginning of the Japanese Upper Paleolithic.This paper suggests several possible specimens of LP/MP and recommends further geoarchaeological investigation to understand the reliability and cultural relationship between possible LP/MP specimens and the Early Upper Paleolithic(EUP).The start of the Japanese EUP is presently characterized by a flake industry with trapezoids and denticulates around 39-37 kaBP cal on Paleo-Honshu Island,which has partial resemblance with contemporary assemblages in China and the Korean Peninsula,although trapezoids are endemic only to the Japanese EUP and may have derived from the ancestral lithic tradition.Blade technology appeared earliest on Central Paleo-Honshu Island,about 1000 years later than the earliest flake technology.Although blade technology may have originated from the elongated flake technology of the previous period,the sudden simultaneous emergence implies that it diffused from the Korean Peninsula.This paper proposes that blade technology from the Korean Peninsula arrived on the northeastern Paleo-Honshu Island,including the Japan Sea coastal region of western Honshu,rather than the southwest,where flake technology long prospered,due to differences in ecological settings and adaptation strategies between the two regions.展开更多
Within the dicynodont genus Turfanodon,there are two recognized species,T.bogdaensis and T.jiufengensis.Both species are known by relatively complete cranial materials,but the mandibles and most postcranial bones have...Within the dicynodont genus Turfanodon,there are two recognized species,T.bogdaensis and T.jiufengensis.Both species are known by relatively complete cranial materials,but the mandibles and most postcranial bones have been described only for T.jiufengensis.This paper reports new dicynodont specimens from Turpan,Xinjiang,referring them to T.bogdaensis.They can clearly be differentiated from T.jiufengensis by the flatter lateral surface of the snout region,a prominent swelling on the lateral dentary shelf,and the rounded femoral head.The diagnosis of Turfanodon is revised.The combination of a flat circumorbital rim,posterior portion of anterior pterygoid rami with converging ventral ridges,and a possible autapomorphy,a deep notch on scapula forming procoracoid foramen,are confirmed.It also differentiated from all dicynodonts other than Myosaurus,Kembawacela and Lystrosaurus by having accessory ridges lateral to the median palatal ridge.展开更多
Portulaca oleracea L. is distributed widely in China and some othercountries, which is included in the pharmacopoeias of China. In tradition, it is used in thetreatment of atheroma, and also used as antifungal and ant...Portulaca oleracea L. is distributed widely in China and some othercountries, which is included in the pharmacopoeias of China. In tradition, it is used in thetreatment of atheroma, and also used as antifungal and antiviral agents now. It also decreases bloodsugar, enhances immunity and adjusts blood lipids. The anticancer and antifungal effects ofPortulaca oleracea L. were reported in several patents. But no active component has been found. Inthis study, the chemical compositions from Portulaca oleracea L. were investigated to provideevidence for the activity of Portulaca oleracea L. .展开更多
Aim To study chemical constituents from Ampelopsis grossedentata. Methods Separation and purification were performed by using silica gel, polyamide, reverse-phase silica gel, Sephadex LH-20 column chromatographic tech...Aim To study chemical constituents from Ampelopsis grossedentata. Methods Separation and purification were performed by using silica gel, polyamide, reverse-phase silica gel, Sephadex LH-20 column chromatographic techniques and silica gel PTLC. Structures were determined by means of physicochemical properties and spectral analysis. Results Four flavonoids were separated and identified from Ampelopsis grossedentata including dihydromyricetin (1), myricetin (2), myricitrin (3), and myricetin-3-O-β-D-galactopy...展开更多
The genus Barbodes Bleeker is a catchall group.The species assigned to this genus in China actually belong to at least four distinct genera.After comparing all the Barbodes fishes included in this research to the syst...The genus Barbodes Bleeker is a catchall group.The species assigned to this genus in China actually belong to at least four distinct genera.After comparing all the Barbodes fishes included in this research to the system used by Rainboth,reassign Barbodes fishes in China as following:①B.baoshanensis,B.benasi and B.heterostomus are assigned to genus Neolissochilus;②B.parvus are assigned as Discherodontus parvus;③B.pierrei in Yunnan is conspecific with B.vernayi and B.vernayi should be assigned to the genus Hypsibarbus as Hypsibarbus vernayi;④the remaining Barbodes fishes,B.fuxianhuensis,B.chonglingchungi,B.margarianus,B.huangchuchieni,B.cogginii (=B.daliensis),B.rhomboides,B.carinatus,B.opisthopterus and B.exiguus are assigned to genus Poropuntius.展开更多
A geometric modeling method for generating-manufactured spiral bevel gears（SBGs） is proposed. It consists of two steps： （1） creating a reference model by simulating the process of cutting spiral bevel gear,（2） ...A geometric modeling method for generating-manufactured spiral bevel gears（SBGs） is proposed. It consists of two steps： （1） creating a reference model by simulating the process of cutting spiral bevel gear,（2） reconstructing the final solid model by collecting data points from the reference model and fitting these points into NURBS surfaces. In this method,cutting simulation avoids abstruse mathematical theories and complex methods,thus making it convenient to obtain data points on the complex tooth surface before the gear is manufactured and efficient to increase the accuracy of the solid model. Also,the representations of tooth surfaces of the final model is unified as a NURBS surface function. The NURBS surface is continuous and smooth,thus it is available for wide applications in CAD/CAE. The experiment proves that the method can be used to establish an accurate pair of SBG models,thus providing a feasible and effective way for CAD/CAE modeling.展开更多
A new species, Homidia mediofascia sp. nov., from West China is described. It is easily separated from the other Homidia species by the median longitudinal stripe from Th. Ⅱ to Abd. Ⅱ, the macrochaeta al on Abd. Ⅰ...A new species, Homidia mediofascia sp. nov., from West China is described. It is easily separated from the other Homidia species by the median longitudinal stripe from Th. Ⅱ to Abd. Ⅱ, the macrochaeta al on Abd. Ⅰ, 7＋7 macrochaetae on posterior side of Abd. Ⅳ, and four smooth setae on posterior side of the ventral tube. A table on characters of five closely related Homidia species is provided.展开更多
To study the effects of oestrogcn on ischemia-induced neurogenesis in the hippocampal dentate gyms, thirty-two adult male rats were randomly divided into four groups： the control surgery group with eestrogen administ...To study the effects of oestrogcn on ischemia-induced neurogenesis in the hippocampal dentate gyms, thirty-two adult male rats were randomly divided into four groups： the control surgery group with eestrogen administration （SE）, the control surgery group with normal saline administration （SN）, the middle cerebral artery occlusion （MCAO） group with oestrogen administration （ME） and the MCAO group with normal saline administration （MN）. The MCAO rats were occluded for 90 rain by an intraluminal filament and then recirculated. After 1, 3, 12, 24 and 28 h of MCAO, the rats of the four groups were killed to investigate the infarct volume, apoptosis and neurogenesis. The cerebral infarct volume in the ME group was significantly smaller than that of the MN group （P 〈 0.05）. No significant cell loss was seen in the dentate gyms. Cerebral ischemia led to increased neurogenosis, which is independent of cell death in the ipsilateral dentate gyrus（P 〈 0.05）. BrdU-pesitive cells in the ipsilateral dentate gyms of the ME group were significantly increased when compared with those of the MN group（P 〈 0.05）. In the SE group, BrdU-positive cells in both the ipsilateral and contralateral dentate gyms, were increased when compared with those of the SN group （ P 〈 0.05 ）. We concluded that ocstregen plays an important role in neurogenesis, which is independent of ischemia-induced by MCAO in the hippocampal dentate gyms of rats.展开更多
A new species,Homidia unichaeta,sp.nov.from East China is described.It is characterized by colour pattern,only one posterior macrochaeta on Abd.IV,labial setae E and L1 smooth,seta pi spiny and slightly thinner and ab...A new species,Homidia unichaeta,sp.nov.from East China is described.It is characterized by colour pattern,only one posterior macrochaeta on Abd.IV,labial setae E and L1 smooth,seta pi spiny and slightly thinner and about 1.5 times as long as bs1 and bs2.The three similar species of Homidia are compared.展开更多
A new species, Homidia tiantaiensis, is described from Zhejiang Province, China. It differs from the all known species of the genus in its color pattern. It is very similar to the Korean species, H. flavonigra Szeptyc...A new species, Homidia tiantaiensis, is described from Zhejiang Province, China. It differs from the all known species of the genus in its color pattern. It is very similar to the Korean species, H. flavonigra Szeptycki, 1973 in many aspects; however, it is separable from the latter by the setae on labrum, labium and dental base and the chaetotaxy on Abd. III.展开更多
Homidia hexaseta sp. nov. is reported from Wuyanling National Nature Reserve, Zhejiang Province. This new species is characterized by colour pattern, 6 sutural macrochaeta on dorsal head, smooth seta L1 on labial base...Homidia hexaseta sp. nov. is reported from Wuyanling National Nature Reserve, Zhejiang Province. This new species is characterized by colour pattern, 6 sutural macrochaeta on dorsal head, smooth seta L1 on labial base, seta p4＋ present on Th. II, seta a2 present on medial Abd. III, seta B6 as macrochaeta on Abd. IV, setae Ae5-7 present on Abd. IV and subapical tooth of mucro obviously larger than apical one. A key to the Homidia species from Zhejiang Province is also provided.展开更多
A new species, Homidia leei, is described from Jiangxi Province, China. It is very similar to H. sauteri Borner, 1909 in the color pattern. However, they are definitely diffe rent in the labral papillae, labial seta...A new species, Homidia leei, is described from Jiangxi Province, China. It is very similar to H. sauteri Borner, 1909 in the color pattern. However, they are definitely diffe rent in the labral papillae, labial seta E, setae on ventral tube and number of dental spines.展开更多
文摘The Tyrannosauridae,which is characterized by specialized pachydont dentition and putative bone-cracking predatory strategies,is one of the most extensively studied theropod lineages.Although tooth replacement patterns,crucial for understanding feeding behaviors,have been thoroughly studied in this group,studies on non-tyrannosaurid tyrannosauroids are relatively scarce.This study utilizes high-resolution CT data to investigate the tooth replacement pattern in two specimens of Guanlong wucaii,a Late Jurassic tyrannosauroid,and provides insights into the evolution of tooth replacement across Tyrannosauroidea.Second-generation replacement teeth,a rarity observed mainly in giant predatory theropods(e.g.some tyrannosaurids),were detected in the dentary dentition of the juvenile Guanlong.Zahnreihen reconstructions display a consistent cephalad alternating tooth replacement pattern in the maxilla and the dentary of both of the examined individuals,with Z-spacing values exceeding 2.0.As Guanlong grows,the Z-spacing value in the maxillary dentition increases,resembling the ontogenetic changes documented in the Tyrannosauridae.Additionally,like Tarbosaurus,Guanlong also displays a discontinuity between the tooth replacement waves at the premaxilla-maxilla boundary.This study thus demonstrates that some tyrannosaurid-like tooth replacement patterns were acquired before the origin of the Tyrannosauridae.
文摘Perleididae is a group of stem neopterygian fishes known only from the Triassic.Here,we report the discovery of a new perleidid,Teffichthys wui sp.nov.,based on six well-preserved specimens from the late Smithian(Olenekian,Early Triassic)marine deposits of Jurong,Jiangsu and Chaohu,Anhui,China.This new discovery documents the third and youngest species of Teffichthys,which is slightly younger than the Dienerian(Induan)T.elegans from Guizhou and the early Smithian T.madagascariensis from Madagascar.The new species shows diagnostic features of Teffichthys(presence of a spiracular,38-41 lateral line scales,and no more than three epaxial rays in the caudal fin)but differs from T.madagascariensis and T.elegans in some autapomorphies(e.g.,a horizontal opercle/subopercle contact and smooth scales with a nearly straight posterior margin).The diagnostic features for the genus Teffichthys and the family Perleididae are emended based on detailed comparisons of the new taxon with other perleidids.The phylogenetic relationships of perleidids with other stem neopterygians are discussed using a cladistic approach,and the results provide new insights into the phylogeny and classification of main stem neopterygian clades.
基金JSPS KAKENHI Grant Numbers 18H03596(PI:Yosuke Kaifu)JP19H01336(PI:Hiroyuki Sato)21H00608(PI:Kazuki Morisaki)。
文摘The beginning of the Japanese Upper Paleolithic has mainly been examined using two major models:the Middle Paleolithic evolutionary model within the archipelago and the continental Upper Paleolithic diffusion/migration model.However,recent archeological data from Japan and nearby countries are challenging such simple models.This paper critically reviews previous chronology of the Japanese Paleolithic,including possible Lower and Middle Paleolithic(LP/MP),and attempts to show an alternative model of the beginning of the Japanese Upper Paleolithic.This paper suggests several possible specimens of LP/MP and recommends further geoarchaeological investigation to understand the reliability and cultural relationship between possible LP/MP specimens and the Early Upper Paleolithic(EUP).The start of the Japanese EUP is presently characterized by a flake industry with trapezoids and denticulates around 39-37 kaBP cal on Paleo-Honshu Island,which has partial resemblance with contemporary assemblages in China and the Korean Peninsula,although trapezoids are endemic only to the Japanese EUP and may have derived from the ancestral lithic tradition.Blade technology appeared earliest on Central Paleo-Honshu Island,about 1000 years later than the earliest flake technology.Although blade technology may have originated from the elongated flake technology of the previous period,the sudden simultaneous emergence implies that it diffused from the Korean Peninsula.This paper proposes that blade technology from the Korean Peninsula arrived on the northeastern Paleo-Honshu Island,including the Japan Sea coastal region of western Honshu,rather than the southwest,where flake technology long prospered,due to differences in ecological settings and adaptation strategies between the two regions.
文摘Within the dicynodont genus Turfanodon,there are two recognized species,T.bogdaensis and T.jiufengensis.Both species are known by relatively complete cranial materials,but the mandibles and most postcranial bones have been described only for T.jiufengensis.This paper reports new dicynodont specimens from Turpan,Xinjiang,referring them to T.bogdaensis.They can clearly be differentiated from T.jiufengensis by the flatter lateral surface of the snout region,a prominent swelling on the lateral dentary shelf,and the rounded femoral head.The diagnosis of Turfanodon is revised.The combination of a flat circumorbital rim,posterior portion of anterior pterygoid rami with converging ventral ridges,and a possible autapomorphy,a deep notch on scapula forming procoracoid foramen,are confirmed.It also differentiated from all dicynodonts other than Myosaurus,Kembawacela and Lystrosaurus by having accessory ridges lateral to the median palatal ridge.
文摘Portulaca oleracea L. is distributed widely in China and some othercountries, which is included in the pharmacopoeias of China. In tradition, it is used in thetreatment of atheroma, and also used as antifungal and antiviral agents now. It also decreases bloodsugar, enhances immunity and adjusts blood lipids. The anticancer and antifungal effects ofPortulaca oleracea L. were reported in several patents. But no active component has been found. Inthis study, the chemical compositions from Portulaca oleracea L. were investigated to provideevidence for the activity of Portulaca oleracea L. .
文摘Aim To study chemical constituents from Ampelopsis grossedentata. Methods Separation and purification were performed by using silica gel, polyamide, reverse-phase silica gel, Sephadex LH-20 column chromatographic techniques and silica gel PTLC. Structures were determined by means of physicochemical properties and spectral analysis. Results Four flavonoids were separated and identified from Ampelopsis grossedentata including dihydromyricetin (1), myricetin (2), myricitrin (3), and myricetin-3-O-β-D-galactopy...
文摘The genus Barbodes Bleeker is a catchall group.The species assigned to this genus in China actually belong to at least four distinct genera.After comparing all the Barbodes fishes included in this research to the system used by Rainboth,reassign Barbodes fishes in China as following:①B.baoshanensis,B.benasi and B.heterostomus are assigned to genus Neolissochilus;②B.parvus are assigned as Discherodontus parvus;③B.pierrei in Yunnan is conspecific with B.vernayi and B.vernayi should be assigned to the genus Hypsibarbus as Hypsibarbus vernayi;④the remaining Barbodes fishes,B.fuxianhuensis,B.chonglingchungi,B.margarianus,B.huangchuchieni,B.cogginii (=B.daliensis),B.rhomboides,B.carinatus,B.opisthopterus and B.exiguus are assigned to genus Poropuntius.
文摘A geometric modeling method for generating-manufactured spiral bevel gears（SBGs） is proposed. It consists of two steps： （1） creating a reference model by simulating the process of cutting spiral bevel gear,（2） reconstructing the final solid model by collecting data points from the reference model and fitting these points into NURBS surfaces. In this method,cutting simulation avoids abstruse mathematical theories and complex methods,thus making it convenient to obtain data points on the complex tooth surface before the gear is manufactured and efficient to increase the accuracy of the solid model. Also,the representations of tooth surfaces of the final model is unified as a NURBS surface function. The NURBS surface is continuous and smooth,thus it is available for wide applications in CAD/CAE. The experiment proves that the method can be used to establish an accurate pair of SBG models,thus providing a feasible and effective way for CAD/CAE modeling.
文摘A new species, Homidia mediofascia sp. nov., from West China is described. It is easily separated from the other Homidia species by the median longitudinal stripe from Th. Ⅱ to Abd. Ⅱ, the macrochaeta al on Abd. Ⅰ, 7＋7 macrochaetae on posterior side of Abd. Ⅳ, and four smooth setae on posterior side of the ventral tube. A table on characters of five closely related Homidia species is provided.
文摘To study the effects of oestrogcn on ischemia-induced neurogenesis in the hippocampal dentate gyms, thirty-two adult male rats were randomly divided into four groups： the control surgery group with eestrogen administration （SE）, the control surgery group with normal saline administration （SN）, the middle cerebral artery occlusion （MCAO） group with oestrogen administration （ME） and the MCAO group with normal saline administration （MN）. The MCAO rats were occluded for 90 rain by an intraluminal filament and then recirculated. After 1, 3, 12, 24 and 28 h of MCAO, the rats of the four groups were killed to investigate the infarct volume, apoptosis and neurogenesis. The cerebral infarct volume in the ME group was significantly smaller than that of the MN group （P 〈 0.05）. No significant cell loss was seen in the dentate gyms. Cerebral ischemia led to increased neurogenosis, which is independent of cell death in the ipsilateral dentate gyrus（P 〈 0.05）. BrdU-pesitive cells in the ipsilateral dentate gyms of the ME group were significantly increased when compared with those of the MN group（P 〈 0.05）. In the SE group, BrdU-positive cells in both the ipsilateral and contralateral dentate gyms, were increased when compared with those of the SN group （ P 〈 0.05 ）. We concluded that ocstregen plays an important role in neurogenesis, which is independent of ischemia-induced by MCAO in the hippocampal dentate gyms of rats.
基金supported by The Qingnian Foundation of Taizhou University (2010QN17)Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China (Y3100278)
文摘A new species,Homidia unichaeta,sp.nov.from East China is described.It is characterized by colour pattern,only one posterior macrochaeta on Abd.IV,labial setae E and L1 smooth,seta pi spiny and slightly thinner and about 1.5 times as long as bs1 and bs2.The three similar species of Homidia are compared.
文摘A new species, Homidia tiantaiensis, is described from Zhejiang Province, China. It differs from the all known species of the genus in its color pattern. It is very similar to the Korean species, H. flavonigra Szeptycki, 1973 in many aspects; however, it is separable from the latter by the setae on labrum, labium and dental base and the chaetotaxy on Abd. III.
基金supported by the Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China (Y3100278, Y3100149) the Zhejiang Provincial Department of Educational Foundation (Y200700872)
文摘Homidia hexaseta sp. nov. is reported from Wuyanling National Nature Reserve, Zhejiang Province. This new species is characterized by colour pattern, 6 sutural macrochaeta on dorsal head, smooth seta L1 on labial base, seta p4＋ present on Th. II, seta a2 present on medial Abd. III, seta B6 as macrochaeta on Abd. IV, setae Ae5-7 present on Abd. IV and subapical tooth of mucro obviously larger than apical one. A key to the Homidia species from Zhejiang Province is also provided.
文摘A new species, Homidia leei, is described from Jiangxi Province, China. It is very similar to H. sauteri Borner, 1909 in the color pattern. However, they are definitely diffe rent in the labral papillae, labial seta E, setae on ventral tube and number of dental spines.
