Sustainable Development of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry in Tibet Based on "Resource Saving and Environment Friendly"

During the ＂13th five-year＂ period,Tibet is building a well-off society in an all-round way and constructing a harmonious socialist new countryside. The pace of economic construction in the west is advanced step by step,and all kinds of economic construction subjects show obvious increasing trend. As one of the regions with rich agriculture and animal husbandry resources,it is inevitable to face the problems that wild resources are gradually consumed,and environmental pollution is severe in Tibet. While developing the economy,it must not damage the environment. To a certain extent,the resource and environment infrastructure is the material basis for economic development. With the gradual progress of economic construction,improvement of residents＇ living standards,and updating of consumption structure,it needs to build,produce and live in the environment of ＂ beautiful Tibet with clean water,blue sky and green＂. In this paper,based on resource-saving and environment-friendly angle,it sufficiently understands the importance and urgency of accelerating sustainable development of agriculture and animal husbandry in Tibet from the global and strategic heights. It should accelerate Tibet agriculture and animal husbandry taking ＂ resource-saving and environment-friendly＂,put the sustainable development of agriculture and animal husbandry in an important historical development opportunity,and impel large economic development of plateau agriculture and animal husbandry.

A Review on Development Water-Saving Agriculture in Asia

The development of water-saving agriculture is of great significance not only for increasing farmers’ production and income, but also for protecting water resources. The purpose of this paper is to learn from the experience of Israel, Japan, Korea and Singapore, improve the low efficiency of agricultural water use in China, and solve the problem of water shortage, promote the development of agriculture. This article concludes that the experience of water-saving agriculture in Israel is advanced irrigation technology, sound laws and regulations, and emphasis on science and technology. Japan’s water-saving agriculture is characterized by an efficient irrigation program and a strict agricultural water management policy. Korea’s experience in water-saving agriculture is that it has a strict water management system, with the government subsidizing the cost of irrigation projects and integrating water into agricultural development planning. Singapore’s experience in water-saving agriculture is to raise awareness of water conservation and to use step water prices. In order to promote the sustainable development of water-saving agriculture in China, the research on water-saving agriculture in the future can be carried out from the aspects of agricultural production or related agricultural technology.

Energy Saving,Environmental Protection:Top Priority in China's Development——Exclusive interview with Dr.Yonglong L,Secretary-general,Chinese Committee for SCOPE(Scientific Committee on Problems of the Environment/ICSU).

Energy saving,emission reduction and economic development are major issues China has to meet in building a harmonious society.On one hand,China should pursue a sustainable,fast and sound economic development,on the other hand,she should try to decrease the overuse of energy resources and the environ- mental problems caused by the rapid economic growth. In this regard,on June 24,the Standing Committee of National People's Congress deliberated the draft of Energy Saving Law,according to which China is to take"resources saving"as a basic national policy.This is a key issue to the long-term benefits of China.With relevant questions,China's Foreign Trade interviewed Dr, Yonglong L(?),Secretary-general,Chinese Committee for SCOPE(Scientific Committee on Problems of the Environment/ICSU).and Research Professor at the Chinese Academy of Sciences. Let's listen to Dr.L(?)'s comments with wisdom.

On the Development of China's Thermal Power in the 21st Century while Saving the Energy and Protecting the Environment

In light of China s Ninth Five-year Plan (1996-2000) for Electric Power Industry & the Long Term Targets by the Year 2010, the paper considers the strategy for developing China’s thermal power in the 21st century shall be the efficiency and cleaning technology of coal use. Especially important is the structure of power sources and configuration of technology process, and secondly the implementation of energy saving and environmental protection ideology in the various stages of thermal power construction and design work.

Neurodevelopmental outcome in congenital diaphragmatic hernia: Evaluation, predictors and outcome

To review the reported neurodevelopmental outcome of congenital diaphragmatic hernia(CDH) survivors, identify important predictors of developmental disabilities, and describe the pathophysiological mechanisms contributing to adverse outcome. A Medline search was performed for English-language articles cross-referencing CDH with pertinent search terms. Retrospective, prospective, and longitudinal follow-up studies were examined. The reference lists of identified articles were also searched. Neurodevelopmental dysfunction has been recognized as one of most common and potentially most disabling outcome of CDH. Intelligence appears to be in the low normal to mildly delayed range. Neuromotor dysfunction is common during early childhood. Behavioral problems, hearing impairment, and quality of life related issues are frequently encountered in older children and adolescence. Disease severity correlates with the degree of neurological dysfunction. Neurodevelopmental follow-up in CDH children should become standard of care to identify those who would benefit from early intervention services and improve neurological outcomes.

Developing remanufacturing engineering,constructing cycle economy and building saving-oriented society

In the course of creating immense wealth, manufacturing industry has excessively consumed the resources and energy in the earth, and seriously polluted the environment. To take progress as the sustainable development way, save resource and improve environment, our nation has been advocating to construct the cycle economy and saving-oriented society. Taking the remanufacturing engineering as the representative, the “4R” rule (Reduce, Reuse, Recycle and Remanufacture) is the important measure to get the goal. Remanufacturing engineering is the industrialization of high-tech maintenance of the waste and worn productions, and is one of the most active factors in “4R”. The development of high and new technology takes the important effect to promote the remanufacturing engineering.

Three Genes Related to Trehalose Metabolism Affect Sclerotial Development of Rhizoctonia solani AG-1 IA,Causal Agent of Rice Sheath Blight

Trehalose metabolism is related to the sclerotial development of Rhizoctonia solani AG-1 IA,the causal agent of rice sheath blight(RSB).Here,we further elucidated the functions of three genes Rstre,Rstps1 and Rstpp that encode three key enzymes trehalase(TRE),alpha,alpha-trehalosephosphate synthase(TPS1)and trehalose 6-phosphate phosphatase(TPP)in the sclerotial development of R.solani AG-1 IA.Due to the lack of a stable genetic transformation system for R.solani,the heterologous expression of these three genes in Pichia pastoris GS115 was performed.The results showed that reactive oxygen species(ROS)contents and enzyme activities in R.solani decreased significantly in the treatments of the fermentation broths of Rstps1 and Rstpp transformants,and that in the treatment of the fermentation broth of Rstre transformant visibly increased.Furthermore,the fermentation broths of the transformants of all the three genes were added to potato dextrose agar(PDA)medium for the cultivation of R.solani,as a result,the dry weight of sclerotia in each PDA plate containing the fermentation broths of Rstps1 and Rstpp transformants significantly increased compared with the control,and that of Rstre transformant obviously decreased.Finally,178 proteins were found to interact with RSTPS1,and 16 of them were associated with ROS.Taken together,the findings suggest that all these three genes related to trehalose metabolism play important roles in the sclerotial development of R.solani AG-1 IA,and can be used as new targets for the development of novel high-efficiency fungicides for the controlling of RSB.

Research on low-carbon development of electric power industry:from the perspectives of public policy

It is a fundamental way to achieve sustainable development and inclusive growth that China takes the low-carbon development path.And low-carbon development is an effective way to respond to many threats,including global climate anomalies,environmental degradation,and energy shortage.Low-carbon economy is policy economy to a large extent.Although the external environment demands low-carbon development of electric power industry,enterprises lack intrinsic motivation.Electric power industry is the pillar industry of China,and is one of the key industries for China's low-carbon development.The government needs to ensure its dominant position in the low-carbon development of electric power industry,and reform the government performance management system and promote the planning and management of electric power industry through appropriate public policy,in order to adjust the structure of the electric power industry and take a low-carbon development road with Chinese characteristics.

CO_(2)capture costs of chemical looping combustion of biomass:A comparison of natural and synthetic oxygen carrier

Chemical looping combustion has the potential to be an efficient and low-cost technology capable of contributing to the reduction of the atmospheric concentration of CO_(2) in order to reach the 1.5/2°C goal and mitigate climate change.In this process,a metal oxide is used as oxygen carrier in a dual fluidized bed to generate clean CO_(2) via combustion of biomass.Most commonly,natural ores or synthetic materials are used as oxygen carrier whereas both must meet special requirements for the conversion of solid fuels.Synthetic oxygen carriers are characterized by higher reactivity at the expense of higher costs versus the lower-cost natural ores.To determine the viability of both possibilities,a techno-economic comparison of a synthetic material based on manganese,iron,and copper to the natural ore ilmenite was conducted.The synthetic oxygen carrier was characterized and tested in a pilot plant,where high combustion efficiencies up to 98.4%and carbon capture rates up to 98.5%were reached.The techno-economic assessment resulted in CO_(2) capture costs of 75 and 40€/tCO_(2) for the synthetic and natural ore route respectively,whereas a sensitivity analysis showed the high impact of production costs and attrition rates of the synthetic material.The synthetic oxygen carrier could break even with the natural ore in case of lower production costs and attrition rates,which could be reached by adapting the production process and recycling material.By comparison to state-of-the-art technologies,it is demonstrated that both routes are viable and the capture cost of CO_(2) could be reduced by implementing the chemical looping combustion technology.

Ways to Achieve Sustainable Development for the Steel Enterprises

Sustainable development strategy is the only choice for steel companies in China. Starting with environment protection, energy-saving and integrated resource utilization, supported by technology advancement and environmental investment, sustainable development strategy can be implemented to drive the circular economy. Thereby, the responsibility to realize the long-term harmony and synergy between society and enterprises is taken by Baosteel.

Reactive oxygen species:Multidimensional regulators of plant adaptation to abiotic stress and development

Reactive oxygen species(ROS)are produced as undesirable by-products of metabolism in various cellular compartments,especially in response to unfavorable environmental conditions,throughout the life cycle of plants.Stressinduced ROS production disrupts normal cellular function and leads to oxidative damage.To cope with excessive ROS,plants are equipped with a sophisticated antioxidative defense system consisting of enzymatic and non-enzymatic components that scavenge ROS or inhibit their harmful effects on biomolecules.Nonetheless,when maintained at relatively low levels,ROS act as signaling molecules that regulate plant growth,development,and adaptation to adverse conditions.Here,we provide an overview of current approaches for detecting ROS.We also discuss recent advances in understanding ROS signaling,ROS metabolism,and the roles of ROS in plant growth and responses to various abiotic stresses.

Chlorophyllide-a Oxygenase 1(OsCAO1) Over-Expression Affects Rice Photosynthetic Rate and Grain Yield

Leaf color and photosynthesis are important factors for rice growth and development.Hence,improving the photosynthetic rate is an effective approach for increasing rice yield.We isolated a gene,chlorophyllide-a oxygenase 1(OsCAO1),which characterized a rice near-isogenic line named fgl(faded green leaf).

Analysis on the Water-saving Irrigation Technique Based on the Perspective of Food Safety

The paper analyzed the important role of water saving in protecting the food safety,introduced the present development of agricultural water-saving technique,pointed out the potential risks of water resources,and proposed the future development of water-saving irrigation.

Research and Application of Internal Combustion Coal-Oxygen Burner for Fluxing in EAF

The investigation shows that using internal combustion coal-oxygen burner for the intensification of melting in EAF is feasible.Internal combustion coal-oxygen burner is better than external combustion coal-oxygen burner in the performance and energy saving of the process.Electrical consumption is decreased by 40 kW ? h/t,melting time is shortened by 18 min.The application of internal combustion coal-oxygen burner has a significant effect on decreasing EAF energy consumption.

中国农业节水十年:成就、挑战及对策

水是农业的命脉。在水资源紧缺形势下,保障国家食物安全和农产品有效供给,必须实施农业节水,发展高水效农业。在系统总结过去10年我国农业节水在保障国家食物安全和农产品有效供给、促进区域农业可持续发展和生态环境改善、促进现代农业转型升级和提质增效以及带动农业节水产业发展等方面取得的巨大成就基础上,分析了当前我国农业节水与国际先进水平的差距,以及在农业节水相关基础数据观测和长期积累、节水评价指标体系和考核标准、灌溉面积盲目扩张与农业适水发展、灌区续建配套节水改造和高标准农田建设衔接、高效节水灌溉与农艺技术配套、农业水价综合改革与节水灌溉工程设施可持续运行机制和政策、农业节水科技创新与节水产业发展等方面面临的问题和挑战,提出了促进农业节水高质量发展的建议。

Existing building energy-saving reconstruction market in China: Characteristics and prospect

The development of existing building energy saving reconstruction market depends on the interaction among service market, capital market and technology market. Analysis of the characteristics of both building energy-saving service market, capital market and technology market, and analysis on the role of existing building energy saving reconstruction market development in energy conservation and emission reduction development strategy, energy-saving transformation policy implementation and promotion of other industries landing, will be conducive to energy-saving renovation of existing buildings market cultivation and development.

青年强则国强:青年人口学前瞻与优化青年人口发展

从当年梁启超发出历史呼号“少年强则国强”、李大钊提出“青春中华之创造”到如今党的二十大报告发出时代强音“青年强,则国家强”,显示了一脉相承的青少年与国家发展联系紧密的认识逻辑。本文回顾和界定了青年及青年人口学的内涵,认为青年可定义为“风险型人口”和“资源型人口”两大类,继而讨论了“青年强”的三重含义,即青年人口储备充足、青年人口素质卓越和青年人口红利丰厚,充分诠释了“青年强,则国家强”时代命题的深刻内涵。概言之,人尽其才则“青年强”,才尽其用则“国家强”。本文从国际比较的视角阐述了我国青年人口发展面临的问题和挑战,突出表现为:中国未来青年人口数量将长期处于缩减状态;青年人口的科学文化素质、身体健康素质和思想素质都有待“提质增效”;就业不充分,青年人口红利没有被充分释放。因此,要优化青年人口发展、进一步增强青年力量,采取相应的对策来强化青年人口储备、优化青年人口素质、极化青年人口红利、激发全人口活力。在人口负增长时代,建设适宜青年生存与发展的青年友好型社会极为必要,把解决青年问题作为解决低生育率等社会人口问题的重要突破口迫在眉睫。

循环流化床锅炉节能减碳运行调控及工程验证

构建基于烟气中氧气体积分数及炉膛出口压力的锅炉运行协同控制模型,可以实时、准确地预测烟气中氧气体积分数的变化趋势,提前给定锅炉二次风机和引风机控制指令,显著减小了不同负荷条件下锅炉烟气中氧气体积分数、负压等关键运行参数的波动.在300 t/h循环流化床锅炉上的工业验证结果表明:利用协同控制模型可以提高锅炉运行控制的品质,锅炉变负荷工况条件下烟气中氧气体积分数控制在目标值±0.25%范围内,炉膛出口压力控制在目标值±45 Pa范围内的统计概率为99%.运行一周的统计结果表明,相比于原有控制,协同控制模型投运后单位产汽量耗煤可以减小1.508%,单位产汽量风机耗电可以减少1.886%.

“四水四定”最严格水资源管理管控指标研究

“四水四定”最严格水资源管理管控指标是水资源刚性约束制度的重要组成部分,是贯彻落实《节约用水条例》的重要抓手,“四水四定”的研究有助于推动用水方式由粗放向集约节约转变。通过分析“四水四定”的水是什么水、四定是什么的内涵,提出水资源的管控指标、经济社会发展保障及涉水均衡协调指标等;按照“城、地、人、产”用户维度和发展—水流—生态维度,构建了“四水四定”管控指标体系。文章以江苏沛县为例,从管控指标库的构建,以及考虑代表性、独立性、可比性和实用性四个方面的特征,建立了沛县的“四水四定”水资源刚性约束指标及目标,为各地正在开展的建立刚性约束制度和“四水四定”建设方案提供参考。

外部技术网络嵌入、知识重组能力与制造企业节能减排

在加快发展方式绿色转型的战略部署下,作为绿色转型的关键实施主体,制造企业不断利用网络嵌入和知识重组以促进其在能源消耗和污染排放工作的平稳、有序推进。本文以中国制造业A股上市公司为研究对象,收集整理企业联合申请发明专利数据,采用社会网络分析软件对外部技术网络嵌入的技术网络地位和网络有效规模进行测算,基于“外部合作-知识重组-节能减排”的逻辑思路分别探索外部技术网络嵌入对制造企业节能减排的直接效应,以及从知识重组视角探讨知识再创造和知识再利用在其中的中介作用。结果表明:技术网络地位和网络有效规模显著有利于降低合作企业的能源消耗和污染排放,知识重组能力在技术网络地位与网络有效规模对节能减排的影响中存在显著中介作用。据此提出相应的管理启示以提高制造企业节能减排成效,为推进“统筹发展与绿色低碳转型,深入实施绿色制造”提供一定的经验证据。