Amyloid-beta-induced neuronal cell death contributes to cognitive decline in Alzheimer’s disease.Citri Reticulatae Semen has diverse beneficial effects on neurodegenerative diseases,including Parkinson’s and Hunting...Amyloid-beta-induced neuronal cell death contributes to cognitive decline in Alzheimer’s disease.Citri Reticulatae Semen has diverse beneficial effects on neurodegenerative diseases,including Parkinson’s and Huntington’s diseases,however,the effect of Citri Reticulatae Semen on Alzheimer’s disease remains unelucidated.In the current study,the anti-apoptotic and autophagic roles of Citri Reticulatae Semen extract on amyloid-beta-induced apoptosis in PC12 cells were first investigated.Citri Reticulatae Semen extract protected PC12 cells from amyloid-beta-induced apoptosis by attenuating the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio via activation of autophagy.In addition,Citri Reticulatae Semen extract was confirmed to bind amyloid-beta as revealed by biolayer interferometry in vitro,and suppress amyloid-beta-induced pathology such as paralysis,in a transgenic Caenorhabditis elegans in vivo model.Moreover,genetically defective Caenorhabditis elegans further confirmed that the neuroprotective effect of Citri Reticulatae Semen extract was autophagy-dependent.Most importantly,Citri Reticulatae Semen extract was confirmed to improve cognitive impairment,neuronal injury and amyloid-beta burden in 3×Tg Alzheimer’s disease mice.As revealed by both in vitro and in vivo models,these results suggest that Citri Reticulatae Semen extract is a potential natural therapeutic agent for Alzheimer’s disease via its neuroprotective autophagic effects.展开更多
HailongS. acus Linnaeus was chosen as the experimental material in the experiments and changes of cell morphology, forming rate of clone and changes of division index were conducted to identify the inhibiting effects ...HailongS. acus Linnaeus was chosen as the experimental material in the experiments and changes of cell morphology, forming rate of clone and changes of division index were conducted to identify the inhibiting effects of Hailong extract on human tumor cell lines (GLT-82). Four days after medication, most of the cells changed their normal morphology of tumor cells and became round, broken and even broke into pieces. The inhibiting rates could reach 75.1% on the fourth day. The division index reduced strongly and the clone could not form or the forming rate was very low. With the extract concentration increasing and the time prolonging, the inhibiting effect increased. These results indicate that Hailong has striking anti-tumor effects and will have a perfect future in the fields of treatment and prevention of cancer.展开更多
[Objectives]The paper was to investigate the development of Panonychus citri resistance to commonly used pesticides in major citrus producing areas in China,and to screen out new green and efficient agents for its con...[Objectives]The paper was to investigate the development of Panonychus citri resistance to commonly used pesticides in major citrus producing areas in China,and to screen out new green and efficient agents for its control and prevention.[Methods]The resistance changes of field populations of P.citri to abamectin,pyridaben,and bifenazate in 12 locations across five provinces in China were compared using the leaf disc impregnation method.[Results]P.citri in the tested areas exhibited the most severe resistance to abamectin,with approximately 91.7%of the field populations showing high levels of resistance to abamectin(112.1-560.5 times);50%of P.citri populations exhibited high levels of resistance to pyridaben(123.0-202.7 times),while the remaining populations showed intermediate levels of resistance(25.6-80.3 times);except for the Zhejiang Xiangshan 2019 and Jiangxi Yudu 2019 populations,which exhibited a medium level of resistance to bifenazate,the remaining 10 monitored populations demonstrated a high level of resistance to bifenazate(140.4-686.1 times).[Conclusions]It is advisable to discontinue the use of abamectin and bifenazate due to significant resistance observed in populations of P.citri monitored in 12 locations across 5 provinces.It is recommended to reduce the frequency of pyridaben use and alternate with other acaricides that have different mechanisms of action due to the varying degrees of resistance developed.展开更多
[Objectives]To investigate the mechanisms and pharmacologic effects of Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium against keloids by network pharmacology systematically.[Methods]TCMSP,Uniprot and BATMAN-TCM databases were used to ...[Objectives]To investigate the mechanisms and pharmacologic effects of Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium against keloids by network pharmacology systematically.[Methods]TCMSP,Uniprot and BATMAN-TCM databases were used to obtain the active constituents and targets of Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium."Keloid"was used as key word to search for related therapeutic targets from Drug Bank,OMIM,TTD,and GEO databases.The Chinese medicine compound-target network was constructed by Cytoscape software.Besides,gene ontology(GO)and Kyoto Encyclopedia of genes and genome enrichment analysis were also performed.Afterward,Discovery Studio software was used to assess the interaction of key components and genes.[Results]Five active components of Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium,773 compound targets and 676 keloid treatment targets were obtained in the databases.After the intersection,there are 47 targets of Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium for treating keloids.Hub genes were identified such as MMP9,IL6,TNF,TP53,and VEGFA,which were enriched in tumor necrosis factor-α,nuclear factor kappa-B,and other signaling pathways.The molecular docking stimulation confirmed the interaction between the MMP9 and three components of Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium.[Conclusions]Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium may play an important role in treating keloids through modulating genes and signaling pathways.The present study sheds light on the mechanisms of active compounds of Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium for the treatment of keloids.展开更多
[Objectives] This study aimed to establish HPLC fingerprint and conduct cluster analysis and principle component analysis for Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium Viride. [Methods] Using the HPLC method, the determination wa...[Objectives] This study aimed to establish HPLC fingerprint and conduct cluster analysis and principle component analysis for Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium Viride. [Methods] Using the HPLC method, the determination was performed on XSelect~® HSS T3-C_(18) column with mobile phase of acetonitrile-0.5% acetic acid solution(gradient elution) at the flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. The detection wavelength was 360 nm. The column temperature was 25℃. The sample size was 10 μL. With peak of hesperidin as the reference, HPLC fingerprints of 10 batches of Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium Viride were determined. The similarity of the 10 batches of samples was evaluated by Similarity Evaluation System for Chromatographic Fingerprint of TCM(2012 edition) to determine the common peaks. Cluster analysis and principal component analysis were performed by using SPSS 17.0 statistical software. [Results] The HPLC fingerprints of the 10 batches of medicinal materials had total 11 common peaks, and the similarity was 0.919-1.000, indicating that the chemical composition of the 10 batches of medicinal materials was consistent. There were 11 common components in the 10 batches of medicinal materials, but their contents were different. When the Euclidean distance was 20, the 10 batches of samples were divided into two categories, S4 in the first category, and the others in the second one. When the Euclidean distance was 5, the second category could be further divided into two sub-categories, S1 and S10 in one sub-category, and S2, S3, S5, S6, S7, S8 and S9 in the other one. The principle component analysis showed that cumulative contribution rate of the two main component factors was 92.797%, and the comprehensive score of S7 was the highest with the best quality. [Conclusions] The results of HPLC fingerprinting, cluster analysis and principle component analysis can provide reference for the quality control of Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium Viride.展开更多
AIM To study the effects of electro acupuncture (EA) on 5 HT, NOS, NO and gastric mucosa in stress rats. METHODS By biochemical methods, the changes of 5 HT and NOS in gastric mucosa, NO and 5 HT in serum were ...AIM To study the effects of electro acupuncture (EA) on 5 HT, NOS, NO and gastric mucosa in stress rats. METHODS By biochemical methods, the changes of 5 HT and NOS in gastric mucosa, NO and 5 HT in serum were ana_ lysed and the gastric mucosa was examined pathohistologically in stress rats with gastric mucosa damage after EA. The changes before and after stress by EA were compared. RESULTS EA decreased gastric mucosa damage index in the stress rats (2 71±0 40 to 1 86±0 69, P <0 01). EA normalized NOS level in gastric mucosa to the control group. The changes before stress by EA was more obvious than the EA after stress; EA lowered the 5 HT contents of gastric mucosa (μg/g wet weight, 6 91±3 08 to 4 51±1 62, P <0 01). EA recovered the NO level in serum of the stress rats (μmol/L, 5 78±1 49 to 7 91±1 11, P <0 05), and increased the contents of 5 HT and 5 HIAA in serum continuously. CONCLUSION EA stimulation normalizes the NOS and NO levels in gastric mucosa in stress rats, lowers the high 5 HT contents and induces NO releases.展开更多
Carbamoyl-phosphate synthase plays a vital role in the carbon and nitrogen metabolism cycles. In Xanthomonas citrisubsp. citri, carA and carB encode the small and large subunits of carbamoyl-phosphate synthase, respec...Carbamoyl-phosphate synthase plays a vital role in the carbon and nitrogen metabolism cycles. In Xanthomonas citrisubsp. citri, carA and carB encode the small and large subunits of carbamoyl-phosphate synthase, respectively. The deletion mutation of the coding regions revealed that carA did not affect any of the phenotypes, while carB played multiple roles in pathogenicity. The deletion of carB rendered the loss of pathogenicity in host plants and the ability to induce a hyper- sensitive reaction in the non-hosts. Quantitative reverse transcription-PCR assays indicated that 11 hrp genes coding the type Ill secretion system were suppressed when interacting with citrus plants. The mutation in carB also affected bacterial utilization of several carbon and nitrogen resources in minimal medium MMX and extracellular enzyme activities. These data demonstrated that only the large subunit of carbamoyl-phosphate synthase was essential for canker development by X. citri subsp, citri.展开更多
基金supported by FDCT grants from the Macao Science and Technology Development Fund,China,No.002/2023/ALC(to BYKL)Foshan Medicine Dengfeng Project of China 2019-2021(to BYKL)+3 种基金the Science and Technology Program of Sichuan Province,Nos.2022YFS0620(to DQ)and MZGC20230041(to XFW)the TCMs Commission of Sichuan Province,No.2021MS469(to YT)the Science and Technology Program of Luzhou,No.2022-WGR-194(to YT)the Southwest Medical University Science and Technology Program,No.2021NJXNYD04(to DQ).
文摘Amyloid-beta-induced neuronal cell death contributes to cognitive decline in Alzheimer’s disease.Citri Reticulatae Semen has diverse beneficial effects on neurodegenerative diseases,including Parkinson’s and Huntington’s diseases,however,the effect of Citri Reticulatae Semen on Alzheimer’s disease remains unelucidated.In the current study,the anti-apoptotic and autophagic roles of Citri Reticulatae Semen extract on amyloid-beta-induced apoptosis in PC12 cells were first investigated.Citri Reticulatae Semen extract protected PC12 cells from amyloid-beta-induced apoptosis by attenuating the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio via activation of autophagy.In addition,Citri Reticulatae Semen extract was confirmed to bind amyloid-beta as revealed by biolayer interferometry in vitro,and suppress amyloid-beta-induced pathology such as paralysis,in a transgenic Caenorhabditis elegans in vivo model.Moreover,genetically defective Caenorhabditis elegans further confirmed that the neuroprotective effect of Citri Reticulatae Semen extract was autophagy-dependent.Most importantly,Citri Reticulatae Semen extract was confirmed to improve cognitive impairment,neuronal injury and amyloid-beta burden in 3×Tg Alzheimer’s disease mice.As revealed by both in vitro and in vivo models,these results suggest that Citri Reticulatae Semen extract is a potential natural therapeutic agent for Alzheimer’s disease via its neuroprotective autophagic effects.
文摘HailongS. acus Linnaeus was chosen as the experimental material in the experiments and changes of cell morphology, forming rate of clone and changes of division index were conducted to identify the inhibiting effects of Hailong extract on human tumor cell lines (GLT-82). Four days after medication, most of the cells changed their normal morphology of tumor cells and became round, broken and even broke into pieces. The inhibiting rates could reach 75.1% on the fourth day. The division index reduced strongly and the clone could not form or the forming rate was very low. With the extract concentration increasing and the time prolonging, the inhibiting effect increased. These results indicate that Hailong has striking anti-tumor effects and will have a perfect future in the fields of treatment and prevention of cancer.
基金Guangxi Agricultural Science and Technology Self-financing Project(Z2022128)Fund Project of Guangxi Citrus Breeding and Cultivation Engineering Technology Research Center(2022A003).
文摘[Objectives]The paper was to investigate the development of Panonychus citri resistance to commonly used pesticides in major citrus producing areas in China,and to screen out new green and efficient agents for its control and prevention.[Methods]The resistance changes of field populations of P.citri to abamectin,pyridaben,and bifenazate in 12 locations across five provinces in China were compared using the leaf disc impregnation method.[Results]P.citri in the tested areas exhibited the most severe resistance to abamectin,with approximately 91.7%of the field populations showing high levels of resistance to abamectin(112.1-560.5 times);50%of P.citri populations exhibited high levels of resistance to pyridaben(123.0-202.7 times),while the remaining populations showed intermediate levels of resistance(25.6-80.3 times);except for the Zhejiang Xiangshan 2019 and Jiangxi Yudu 2019 populations,which exhibited a medium level of resistance to bifenazate,the remaining 10 monitored populations demonstrated a high level of resistance to bifenazate(140.4-686.1 times).[Conclusions]It is advisable to discontinue the use of abamectin and bifenazate due to significant resistance observed in populations of P.citri monitored in 12 locations across 5 provinces.It is recommended to reduce the frequency of pyridaben use and alternate with other acaricides that have different mechanisms of action due to the varying degrees of resistance developed.
基金Supported by Central Government Funds of Guiding Local Scientific and Technological Development for Sichuan Province(2021ZYD0057).
文摘[Objectives]To investigate the mechanisms and pharmacologic effects of Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium against keloids by network pharmacology systematically.[Methods]TCMSP,Uniprot and BATMAN-TCM databases were used to obtain the active constituents and targets of Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium."Keloid"was used as key word to search for related therapeutic targets from Drug Bank,OMIM,TTD,and GEO databases.The Chinese medicine compound-target network was constructed by Cytoscape software.Besides,gene ontology(GO)and Kyoto Encyclopedia of genes and genome enrichment analysis were also performed.Afterward,Discovery Studio software was used to assess the interaction of key components and genes.[Results]Five active components of Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium,773 compound targets and 676 keloid treatment targets were obtained in the databases.After the intersection,there are 47 targets of Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium for treating keloids.Hub genes were identified such as MMP9,IL6,TNF,TP53,and VEGFA,which were enriched in tumor necrosis factor-α,nuclear factor kappa-B,and other signaling pathways.The molecular docking stimulation confirmed the interaction between the MMP9 and three components of Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium.[Conclusions]Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium may play an important role in treating keloids through modulating genes and signaling pathways.The present study sheds light on the mechanisms of active compounds of Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium for the treatment of keloids.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(81603251)Key Research and Development Plan of Shanxi Province(201603D3113021)Project of Collaborative Innovation Center for the Comprehensive Development and Utilization of Medicinal Herbs in Shanxi Province(2017-JYXT-05)
文摘[Objectives] This study aimed to establish HPLC fingerprint and conduct cluster analysis and principle component analysis for Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium Viride. [Methods] Using the HPLC method, the determination was performed on XSelect~® HSS T3-C_(18) column with mobile phase of acetonitrile-0.5% acetic acid solution(gradient elution) at the flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. The detection wavelength was 360 nm. The column temperature was 25℃. The sample size was 10 μL. With peak of hesperidin as the reference, HPLC fingerprints of 10 batches of Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium Viride were determined. The similarity of the 10 batches of samples was evaluated by Similarity Evaluation System for Chromatographic Fingerprint of TCM(2012 edition) to determine the common peaks. Cluster analysis and principal component analysis were performed by using SPSS 17.0 statistical software. [Results] The HPLC fingerprints of the 10 batches of medicinal materials had total 11 common peaks, and the similarity was 0.919-1.000, indicating that the chemical composition of the 10 batches of medicinal materials was consistent. There were 11 common components in the 10 batches of medicinal materials, but their contents were different. When the Euclidean distance was 20, the 10 batches of samples were divided into two categories, S4 in the first category, and the others in the second one. When the Euclidean distance was 5, the second category could be further divided into two sub-categories, S1 and S10 in one sub-category, and S2, S3, S5, S6, S7, S8 and S9 in the other one. The principle component analysis showed that cumulative contribution rate of the two main component factors was 92.797%, and the comprehensive score of S7 was the highest with the best quality. [Conclusions] The results of HPLC fingerprinting, cluster analysis and principle component analysis can provide reference for the quality control of Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium Viride.
文摘AIM To study the effects of electro acupuncture (EA) on 5 HT, NOS, NO and gastric mucosa in stress rats. METHODS By biochemical methods, the changes of 5 HT and NOS in gastric mucosa, NO and 5 HT in serum were ana_ lysed and the gastric mucosa was examined pathohistologically in stress rats with gastric mucosa damage after EA. The changes before and after stress by EA were compared. RESULTS EA decreased gastric mucosa damage index in the stress rats (2 71±0 40 to 1 86±0 69, P <0 01). EA normalized NOS level in gastric mucosa to the control group. The changes before stress by EA was more obvious than the EA after stress; EA lowered the 5 HT contents of gastric mucosa (μg/g wet weight, 6 91±3 08 to 4 51±1 62, P <0 01). EA recovered the NO level in serum of the stress rats (μmol/L, 5 78±1 49 to 7 91±1 11, P <0 05), and increased the contents of 5 HT and 5 HIAA in serum continuously. CONCLUSION EA stimulation normalizes the NOS and NO levels in gastric mucosa in stress rats, lowers the high 5 HT contents and induces NO releases.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31171832)the Special Fund for Agro-Scientific Research in the Public Interest, China (201003067)
文摘Carbamoyl-phosphate synthase plays a vital role in the carbon and nitrogen metabolism cycles. In Xanthomonas citrisubsp. citri, carA and carB encode the small and large subunits of carbamoyl-phosphate synthase, respectively. The deletion mutation of the coding regions revealed that carA did not affect any of the phenotypes, while carB played multiple roles in pathogenicity. The deletion of carB rendered the loss of pathogenicity in host plants and the ability to induce a hyper- sensitive reaction in the non-hosts. Quantitative reverse transcription-PCR assays indicated that 11 hrp genes coding the type Ill secretion system were suppressed when interacting with citrus plants. The mutation in carB also affected bacterial utilization of several carbon and nitrogen resources in minimal medium MMX and extracellular enzyme activities. These data demonstrated that only the large subunit of carbamoyl-phosphate synthase was essential for canker development by X. citri subsp, citri.
