Extraction,chemical components,bioactive functions and adulteration identification of walnut oils:A review

Walnut oil is a functional wood oil known to researchers that may potentially be a large source of Chinese edible oils.There are various extraction methods for walnut oil,including traditional(pressing,solvent-and enzymeassisted extraction)and novel methods(microwave,ultrasound,supercritical CO_(2),subcritical and other extraction technologies).Walnut oil is rich in nutrients,including phytosterols,tocopherols,polyphenols,squalene and minerals.It provides many health benefits,such as antioxidant,antitumor,anti-inflammatory,antidiabetic and lipid metabolism-related functions.In addition,the authentication of walnut oil has received much research attention.The present review provides detailed research on walnut oil extraction,composition,health benefits and adulteration identification methods.The path toward further walnut oil improvement in the context of the market value of walnut oil is also discussed.

Enhancing Hazardous Chemical Management in Chinese University Laboratories:Strategies for Safety and Efficiency

This paper examines the management of hazardous chemicals in Chinese university laboratories,identifying key challenges and proposing improvements.It reviews current practices and safety measures,highlighting deficiencies such as inadequate safety systems and insufficient awareness among personnel.The study emphasizes the necessity of tailored safety management systems,the integration of digital tracking technologies like Radio Frequency Identification,and enhanced safety training for staff.The proposed recommendations aim to mitigate risks and enhance laboratory safety and efficiency.In conclusion,the paper asserts that a comprehensive approach,encompassing improved management systems,technological advancements,and educational initiatives,is essential for safer chemical handling in academic research environments.

Layered injection technology for chemical flooding of Class-Ⅲ oil reservoirs in the Daqing Oil Fields complex,Songliao Basin,Northeast China

The Class-Ⅲ oil reservoirs of Lasaxing oilfield in the Daqing Oil Fields complex have geological oil reserves of 1.86 billion tonnes,an oil recovery of 39%,with remaining reserves accounting for more than 45%of the total geological reserves of the oilfield.Therefore,they have considerable potential for future oil production.The current layered injection technologies fail to achieve effective control over the low single-layer injection rates since they can only produce low throttle differential pressure under low injection rates(5-20 m^(3)/d).In this study,a symmetrically-structured double-offset-hole injection allocator and a novel throttling component were developed.Their spatial layout was constructed and mechanical parameters were optimized using finite element analysis,which allows for expanding the flow rate range at low injection rates.According to experimental results,the throttle differential pressure increased from 0.2 MPa to 0.8 MPa at an injection rate of 5 m^(3)/d,and the range of the single-layer flow rates expanded from 20-70 m^(3)/d to 5-70 m3/d.The field test results show that the effective production of oil layers with medium and low permeability was achieved and that the ratio of producing oil layer thickness to the total reservoir thickness increased by 9.7%on average.Therefore,this study provides valuable technical support for the effective chemical-flooding-based development of Class-Ⅲ oil reservoirs.

A review on chemical oxygen supply technology within confined spaces: Challenges, strategies, and opportunities toward chemical oxygen generators(COGs)

Chemical oxygen generators(COGs)have been used worldwide in confined spaces as an emergency oxygen supply technology,mainly because they are independent and have a long shelf life.However,a number of challenges related to COGs remain unsolved,and a literature review of the current state of the technology is needed.First,the present article summarizes the basic information and applications of COGs,including their oxygen production mechanism,components,forming technology,and ignition system.Four current challenges encountered in applying COGs are discussed,along with the strategies adopted thus far to solve these problems,as found in the published literature.The literature survey reveals that,although much effort has been devoted to controlling the oxygen production rate and the heat output of COGs,the mechanism of producing toxic gases remains unclear and a reliable and safe ignition system has not been fully developed.Finally,future opportunities in the development of COGs are briefly listed.

Correlation Analysis of Processing Technology,Physical Parameters and Chemical Components during Plain Stir-baking of Trichosanthis Radix

[Objectives]To explore the correlation of processing technology,physical parameters and chemical components during plain stir-baking of Trichosanthis Radix.[Methods]Based on mixture uniform experiment design,the Trichosanthis Radix was prepared by plain stir-bake method.Delphi method was used to evaluate and select the highest-scoring processed product for measuring physical parameters.UV spectrophotometry was used to determine the contents of starch and polysaccharide.The correlation and linear regression model of processing technology,physical parameters and chemical components were established with the aid of SPSS 26.0[Results]After processing by plain stir-bake method,the relative density and chromaticity showed a decreasing trend in the processed products of Trichosanthis Radix,the oxidation value,hydroscopic rate and swelling decreased firstly and then increased,and pH increased firstly and then decreased.The content of total starch decreased,the content of polysaccharide increased,and there was a negative correlation between them.There was a significant positive correlation between temperature and oxidation value,swelling and hydroscopic rate,hydroscopic rate and polysaccharide,and there was a significant negative correlation between relative density and hydroscopic rate or polysaccharide,total starch and hydroscopic rate or swelling.The linear relation model between processing technology and physical parameters and chemical components was r2>0.9.[Conclusions]After processing by plain stir-bake method,the physical parameters of Trichosanthis Radix changed,and there may be mutual conversion between total starch and polysaccharides.To a certain extent,physical parameters can be used to evaluate the quality of processed products of Trichosanthis Radix.This study is expected to provide a reference for research on quality evaluation of processed products of traditional Chinese medicine.

Technology Development Road for Chemical Fiber Industry in China (Part One)

Speech given by Mr. Zheng Zhiyi, President of China Chemical Fiber Association, at the 13th China International MMF Conference (Ke Qiao 2007)

Technologies of enhancing oil recovery by chemical flooding in Daqing Oilfield, NE China

By tracking and analyzing the research and practices of chemical flooding carried out in the Daqing Oilfield, NE China since the 1970 s, the chemical flooding theory, technology adaptability and existing problems were systematically summarized, and directions and ideas of development in the future were proposed. In enhanced oil recovery by chemical flooding, the Daqing Oilfield developed theories related to compatibility between crude oil and surfactant that may form ultra-low interfacial tensions with low-acidity oil, and a series of surfactant products were developed independently. The key technologies for chemical flooding such as injection parameter optimization and numerical simulation were established. The technologies of separation injection, cleansing and anti-scaling, preparation and injection, and produced liquid processing were developed. The matching technologies of production engineering and surface facilities were formed. Through implementation of chemical flooding, the Daqing Oilfield achieved outstanding performances with enhanced recovery rate of 12% in polymer flooding and with enhanced recovery rate of 18% in ASP flooding. To further enhance the oil recovery of chemical flooding, three aspects need to be studied:(1) fine characterization of reservoirs;(2) smart and efficient recovery enhancement technologies;(3) environment friendly, high-efficiency and smart matching processes.

Research Progress of Extraction Technology and Application of Chemical Substances in Perilla Seed

Perilla seed is one of the traditional Chinese herbs normally used both as food and medicine for its various functional ingrediems such as protein, amino acids, ct-linolenic acid, flavones, rosmarinic acid, terpenes, polysaccharides, etc.. Pefilla seed is with physiological features in slowing down decrepitude, lower- ing blood pressure, cholesterol, inhibiting cancer cell differentiation, and improving body immune. The present paper summarized research progress at home and abroad on chemical component analysis, extraction technology and application status of perilla seed in the fields of feed, health care, food and chemical industry in recent years, in order to provide a reference basis for reasonable development of perilla seed.

Selective removal technology using chemical etching and excimer assistance in precision recycle of color filter

Color filters are produced using semiconductor production techniques although problems with low yield remain to be addressed. This study presents a new means of selective removal using excimer irradiation, chemical etching, or electrochemical machining on the fifth generation TFT LCDs. The selective removal of microstructure layers from the color filter surface of an optoelectronic flat panel display, as well as complete removal of the ITO thin-films, RGB layer, or resin black matrix (BM) layer from the substrate is possible. Individual defective film layers can be removed, or all films down to the Cr layer or bare glass can be completely eliminated. Experimental results demonstrate that defective ITO thin-films, RGB layers, or the resin BM layer can now be recycled with a great precision. When the ITO or RGB layer proves difficult to remove, excimer light can be used to help with removal. During this recycling process, the use of 225 nm excimer irradiation before chemical etching, or electrochemical machining, makes removal of stubborn film residues easy, effectively improving the quality of recycled color filters and reducing fabrication cost.

Status and Suggestion for Modern Coal Chemical Industry and Coal Clean Technology

Coal is fossil fuel abundant and widespread all over the world. It is a vital resource for energy security in our country, because the supply is stable. In this paper, the important role of coal played in the total primary energy supply was described, and the status of modern coal chemical industry and clean coal technologies was analyzed. Based on the scientific research experiences of author, strategy and suggestion for Chinese development were proposed according to the regulation of scientific panning. In China, there are more social benefits and strategic meaning for developing the coal high-efficiency utilization technology. Considering of the general situation of our countries, these technologies with the features of can be industrialized, advanced, applicative, mature and feasible should be developed preferentially. The high-expend, low economic effectiveness and behindhand technologies should be abandoned. So, the development of coal clean technology in China should meet the natural resources, restrictive condition and elements of our countries industry situations. Based on these analysis, the most important technologies and fundamental researches should be prior developed in China.

The Application of Air-flow to the Technological Process of Chemical Fiber

The air-flow’s states and ways acted on the technological process of chemical fiber are summed up, which includes chip drying, spinning quenching as well as airjet texturing (air texturing, tangling texturing and bulked continuous filament (BCF)),and the effect of air-flow on the process and quality of chemical fiber is studied,and the action of mechanics and heat on the bulked continuous filament are calculated.

Special Issue: In celebration of the 70th anniversary of Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences

Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics(DICP) is a comprehensive chemical engineering research institute with strong international reputation, which has made significant contributions to national economic construction, national security and the progress of science and technology(S&T).

Physical and Technological Parameters of Maize Varieties (Zea mays L.) Grown in the Southern Parts of Benin and the Influence of Chemical Composition

Objective: The study aims to investigate some physical and technological parameters of varieties of maize collected from the most representative areas of maize production in the southern part of Benin, and mainly used by the populations of those areas. Method: The chemical composition, physical and technological characteristics of the grains were determined using standard methods. Results: The results showed that the weight of 1000 grains ranges from 158.01 to 305.12 g, the length from 0.79 to 1.81 cm, the average width from 0.74 to 1.51 cm, thickness from 0.36 to 0.85 cm and density from 1.07 to 1.25. Regarding the technological parameters, the hardness of the grains before and after cooking was between 16.78 and 47.20 kgf, and 0.23 and 0.71 kgf respectively, while the cooking time varies from 71.00 and 158.33 mn. There was a positive and significant correlation (r = 0.405;p < 0.026) between the hardness after cooking and the weight of 1000 grains, between the hardness after cooking and grain width (r = 0.460;p < 0.011). A positive and highly significant correlation (r = 0.527, p < 0.003) was also observed between the hardness after cooking and the grain length, between the hardness after cooking and the thickness of grain (r = 0.476, p < 0.008), and between the grain density and the weight of 1000 grains (r = 0.481, p < 0.007). A positive and highly significant correlation (r = 0.923, p < 0.000) was also observed between maize grain length and width, and between grain length and grain thickness (r = 0.764, p < 0.000) and between the width and thickness (r = 0.764, p < 0.000). On the other hand, a significant negative correlation (r = -0.394, p < 0.031) was found between the hardness before cooking and the thickness and between the hardness before cooking and sphericity index (r = -0465*, p Conclusion: Through its chemical and technological characteristics the maize constitutes an important raw material for many culinary recipes in West African region.

Study on the Extracting Technology of Natural Lycopene

Optimum technical parameters for extracting lycopene from tomatoes are studied with crthogonal experiments. The results show that chloroform has the best effect compared to 4 other groups of solvents: petoleum ether, acetic acid + ethanol, acetic ether, and acetone + diethyl ether, associated with the parameters of 40℃, pH 5 and the ratio of tomato paste to solvent 1:1.

Effect of Cassava Leaf (<i>Manihot esculenta </i>) Level in Guinea-Pigs (<i>Cavia porcellus </i>) Meal on the Physico-Chemical and Techno-logical Properties of Its Meat

The present study was carried out to evaluate the effect of different rates of dried cassava leafs in diet as replacement of protein sources on the weight gain and carcass yield of guinea-pigs, as well as on the physico-chemical and technological properties of guinea-pigs’ meat. A total of forty-eight (48) eight-week-old guinea-pigs were divided in a completely randomized experimental design, in four groups and fed with the experimental foods. These experimental foods were formulated as follows: cassava-leaf (Manihot esculenta) powder was incorporated at concentrations of 0%, 8%, 10% and 12% respectively in replacement of protein sources for R0, R1, R2 and R3. Each treatment consisted of a group of 12 guinea pigs per paddock (6 males and 6 females). The initial weight (IW), final weight (FW), daily weight gain (DWG) and total gain (TG) were evaluated. At the 22nd week, animals of each group were sacrificed by bleeding, then skinned and eviscerated. Carcasses were cut, and some parts (loin, thigh and shoulder) were collected, deboned and analysed. The highest FW and carcass yield (CY) were obtained with the use of 10% cassava leafs (R2): 556 g (FW), 42.65% (CY) for males and 529.17 g (FW), 37.39% (CY) for females. The incorporation of 8% (R1) and 12% (R3) cassava leafs led to a significant increase (P < 0.05) in protein levels in the loins (22.89%) and shoulders (22.43%) of females and the thighs (21.68%) and shoulders (21.09%) of males. However, protein levels of male fed with R3 in the various parts studied were higher than females fed with the same diet. The study of the technological parameters of guinea-pig’s meat showed that the incorporation of 8% and 12% cassava leafs in the diet resulted in a significant decrease in the water holding capacity and technological yield in the different parts studied. These results show that, the incorporation of cassava leafs in guinea-pigs’ diet made it possible to obtain good growth (R2) and meat of good technological quality.

2018 petroleum & chemical industry development report

In 2018,the petroleum and chemical industries of China achieved steady economic growth.The main business income of the entire industry was 12.4 trillion CNY,an increase of 13.6%over the previous year.The total profit was 83.93 billion CNY,an increase of 32.1%over the previous year.The total national oil and gas production reached 334 million tons of oil equivalent,increasing by 2.4%year-on-year.Among the total production,crude oil production was 189 million tons,decreased 1.2%,and natural gas production was 161.02 billion cubic meters,increased 7.5%year on year.Imported crude oil production was 462 million tons,an increase of 10.1%over the last year.Imported gas production was 125.72 billion cubic meters,increased 31.9%.The annual processing capacity of crude oil was 604 million tons,up by 6.8%.The refined oil production was 360 million tons,up by 3.6%.The industry structure was optimized for production growth in 2018,the transformation and upgrading of enterprises and products structure adjustment were sped up,energy efficiency was improved,and overall industrial benefit was rebounded.At present,the economic operation of the industry is still not very stable,and downward pressure is still great,mainly being reflected in the overcapacity of some industries,high cost operation of enterprises,increased tax burden,and weak investment.With the slow recovery of the global economy and the key support of high-quality development through technological innovation,it is expected that the petroleum and chemical industry of China will achieve the general objective of steady growth in 2019.

A review on polishing technology of large area free-standing CVD diamond films

Recently,with the rapid development of chemical vapor deposition(CVD)technology,large area free-standing CVD diamond films have been produced successfully.However,the coarse grain size on the surface and the non-uniform thickness of unprocessed CVD diamond films make it difficult to meet the application requirement.The current study evaluates several existing polishing methods for CVD diamond films,including mechanical polishing,chemical mechanical polishing and tribochemical polishing technology.