Clinical efficacy and safety of flexible ureteroscopy and percutaneous nephrolithotomy for large kidney stones:A retrospective comparative study

BACKGROUND Renal stones ranging 20–40 mm are very common in China.Although no largesample clinical studies have confirmed the clinical efficacy and safety of this method,there is also a lack of comparative data with traditional treatment.AIM To investigate the clinical efficacy of flexible ureteroscopy(FURS)and percutaneous nephrolithotomy(PCNL)by postoperative stone clearance and changes in soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule 1(sVCAM-1)and kidney injury molecule 1(KIM-1)levels in patients with large kidney stones(>2 cm in diameter).METHODS This single-center observational study was performed at a Chinese hospital between January 1,2021,and October 30,2023.All 250 enrolled patients were diagnosed with large kidney stones(>2 cm)and divided into a FURS group(n=145)and a PCNL group(n=105)by the surgical method.The FURS group was treated with flexible ureteroscopy and the PCNL group was treated with percutaneous nephrolithotomy.The operation time,time to palinesthesia,intraoperative blood loss,drop in hemoglobin,length of hospital stay,stone clearance rate,and complications were recorded in the two groups.Preoperative and postoperative serum sVCAM-1 levels,erythrocyte sedimentation rate(ESR),urine KIM-1 levels,preoperative and postoperative pain visual analog scale(VAS)and Wisconsin Stone Quality of Life Questionnaire(WISQOL)scores were also documented.RESULTS All 250 eligible patients completed the follow-up.There were no significant differences in baseline characteristics between the two groups(P>0.05).The operation time in the FURS group was significantly greater than that in the PCNL group.The time to ambulation,intraoperative blood loss,decrease in hemoglobin,and length of hospital stay were significantly lower in the FURS group than in the PCNL group.The FURS group also had a significantly higher stone clearance rate and a lower incidence of postoperative complications.There was no significant difference in antibiotic use between the groups.Postoperative serum sVCAM-1 levels,urine KIM-1 levels,and VAS scores were lower in the FURS group than in the PCNL group,but postoperative ESR and WISQOL scores were greater in the FURS group than in the PCNL group.CONCLUSION FURS demonstrated superior clinical efficacy in treating large kidney stones(>2 cm in diameter)compared PCNL.It not only improved the postoperative stone clearance rate and reduced complications and recovery time but also positively affected serum SCM-1,ESR,and urine KIM-1 levels,subsequent improvement of patient quality of life.

Clinical application of flexible ureteroscopic sheath with controllable intraluminal pressure in treating ureteral stones

Objective:The purpose of the study was to assess the clinical efficacy and safety of a combined perfusion suction platform with pressure feedback control function and an ureteroscopic suction sheath that can measure the ureteropelvic pressure in implementing lithotripsies.Methods:Fifty-two patients who underwent lithotripsy under intelligent monitoring of ureteral intraluminal pressure from June 2016 to January 2018 were retrospectively recruited.The inclusion standard was stone diameter>1.5 cm but<2.5 cm.After the 12/14 Fr suction sheath was placed,manometer interface and suction interface of the sheath were connected to the platform via the pressure sensor and suction tube,respectively.The ureteroscope was connected to the platform perfusion pump,and the crushed stones were aspirated out under negative pressure.Results:According to the location of the stone,21(40.4%)cases were classified as upper ureteral stones,19(36.5%)were midureteral stones,and 12(23.1%)were lower ureteral stones.Forty-seven patients underwent successful primary sheath placement and lithotripsy with a mean operative time of 34.5(standard deviation 18.3)min.Retrograde stone migration did not occur.There were eight patients with hematuria postoperatively.Serious complication was 1.9% with one case of ureteral perforation.Stone clearance was 95.7% at Day 1e2 postoperatively,and 100% at Day 30 postoperatively.Conclusion:Ureteroscopic lithotripsy with intelligent pressure control using our device improved the efficiency of the lithotripsy and rate of stone clearance.The safety of the operation can be ensured.It is worth popularization and application in clinical practice.

Analysis of the effect of holmium laser flexible ureteroscopic intrapelvic drainage in the treatment of parapelvic renal cysts

Objective:To explore the efficacy,safety,and feasibility of holmium laser flexible ureteroscopic intrapelvic drainage in the treatment of parapelvic renal cysts.Methods:From September 2012 to February 2019,a total of 18 patients,aged from 28 to 62(meanstandard deviation[SD]:46.50±9.14)years,were diagnosed with parapelvic renal cysts and treated by holmium laser flexible ureteroscopic intrapelvic drainage.There were 10 males and eight females.All of the parapelvic renal cysts were unilateral,and two cases were complicated with pyelolithiasis.The diameters of the cysts ranged from 4.1 cm to 8.2 cm.Results:All the patients completed the operation successfully in one stage without conversion to open surgery;in two cases,it was difficult to find the cysts during the operation,and the localization was completed by B-ultrasound and percutaneous injection of methylene blue.The mean operative time was 33.89(SD:9.68;range:22-54)min,and the mean hospitalization time was 2.67(SD:0.91;range:2-5)days.Three months and 6 months of follow-up were performed after surgery.The cysts disappeared in 13(72%)cases,and the diameter of the cysts in five(28%)cases decreased by more than 50%.Conclusion:Holmium laser flexible ureteroscopic intrapelvic drainage in the treatment of parapelvic renal cysts is simple,safe,and effective,and can be used as the first choice for the treatment of parapelvic renal cysts.

Flexible ureteroscopy:Technological advancements,current indications and outcomes in the treatment of urolithiasis

The last 3 decades have witnessed great improvements in the technology and clinical applications of many minimally invasive procedures in the urological field.Flexible ureteroscopy(fURS)has advanced considerably to become a widely utilized diagnostic and therapeutic tool for multiple upper urinary tract pathologies.The most common indication for fURS is the treatment of upper urinary tract stones with the aid of Holmium:Yttrium Aluminium Garnet(YAG)laser lithotripsy.Advancements in endoscope technologies and operative techniques have lead to a broader application of fURS in the management of urolithiasis to include larger and more complex stones.fURS has proved to be an effective and safe procedure with few contraindications.Continued progression in fURS may increase its clinical applicability and supplant other procedures as the first line treatment option for urolithiasis.

Validation of laparoscopy and flexible ureteroscopy tasks in inanimate simulation training models at a large-scale conference setting

Objective:Simulation based training with training models is being increasingly used as a tool to help trainees mount the learning curve.However,validation studies of surgical simulators are often limited by small numbers.We aim to evaluate the feasibility of validating simulation-training tasks in laparoscopy and flexible ureteroscopy(FURS)rapidly at a large-scale conference setting for residents.Methods:Seventy-six urology residents from various Asian countries were assessed on their laparoscopic and FURS skills during the 14th Urological Association of Asia Congress 2016.Residents performed the peg transfer task from the fundamentals of laparoscopic surgery(FLS)and completed inspection of calyces and stone retrieval using a flexible ureteroscope in an en-dourological model.Each participant’s experience(no experience,1-30 or>30 procedures)in laparoscopy,rigid ureteroscopy(RURS)and FURS was self-reported.Results:Median time taken to complete the laparoscopic task decreased with increasing laparoscopic experience(209 s vs.177 s vs.145 s,p=0.008)whereas median time taken to complete the FURS tasks reduced with increasing FURS experience(405 s vs.250 s vs.163 s,p=0.003)but not with RURS experience(400.5 s vs.397 s vs.331 s,p=0.143),demonstrating construct validity.Positive educational impact of both tasks was high,with mean ratings of 4.16/5 and 4.10/5 respectively,demonstrating face validity.Conclusion:Our study demonstrates construct and face validities of laparoscopy and FURS simulation tasks among residents at a conference setting.Validation studies at a conference setting can be an effective avenue for evaluating simulation models and curriculum in the future.

Diagnosing upper tract urothelial carcinoma: A review of the role of diagnostic ureteroscopy and novel developments over last two decades

Objective: The role of ureteroscopy in the diagnosis of upper tract urothelial carcinoma is yet to be fully determined. We aimed to provide an up to date evaluation of its role and the emerging technologies in the field.Methods: A literature search of the last two decades (from 24th May, 2001 to 24th May, 2021) was carried out identifying 147 papers for potential inclusion within this narrative review.Results: Diagnostic ureteroscopy is undeniably useful in its ability to visualise and biopsy indeterminate lesions, and to risk stratify malignant lesions that may be suitable for kidney sparing surgery. However, an increased risk of intravesical recurrence following nephroureterectomy when a prior diagnostic ureteroscopy has been performed, inadequate sampling at biopsy, complications from the procedure, and difficult ureteric access are all potential drawbacks. Furthermore, whilst generally an accurate diagnostic procedure, it risks missing carcinoma in-situ lesions. Despite this, evidence shows that routine use of ureteroscopy changes the management of patients in a large proportion of cases, preventing unnecessary surgery or facilitating kidney sparing surgery. The overall rate of complications is low, and improved biopsy techniques and the use of tissue biomarkers for improved staging and grading are encouraging. The risks of delays to definitive management and post-ureteroscopy intravesical recurrence do not seem to affect survival, and trials are in progress to determine whether intravesical therapy can mitigate the latter. Further promising techniques are being investigated to improve shortcomings, particularly in relation to improved diagnosis of carcinoma in situ and preoperative staging.Conclusion: Ureteroscopy has a role in the diagnosis of upper tract malignancy, though whether it should be used routinely is yet to be determined.

Ureteroscopy with Holmium: YAG Laser—A Initial Study in the Urology Department of the Pr Bocar Sidy Sall University Hospital of Kati

Introduction: Ureteroscopy is a minimally invasive endoscopic surgery which provides access to the ureter, pyelon and calyceal cavities via the urethra and the bladder. Laser ureteroscopy uses the laser as an energy source to treat the stone and eliminate it naturally. Minimally invasive endoscopic methods are struggling to become popular in sub-Saharan African countries, especially for the upper urinary tract. The objective of our work was to report the results of our first laser ureteroscopy experience in the department. Materials and Methods: This was a prospective and descriptive study running from December 1, 2023 to February 19, 2024. Included in our study was any case of upper urinary tract stone operated by Laser ureteroscopy. The characteristics of the lithiasis were determined by CT scan. Sterilization of urine was verified by carrying out a cytobacteriological examination of urine. Ureteral lithiasis was approached by semi-rigid ureteroscopy. Renal lithiasis was immediately addressed by flexible ureteroscopy. Ureteroscopy was coupled with a Holmium YAG laser. A double J ureteral catheter was placed after the operation. A 230 µm laser fiber was used in each case with a generator with a power of 35 watts (Storz Calculase III type). An access sheath was used in all cases of flexible ureteroscopy. The parameters studied were: sociodemographic characteristics, lithiasis (site, size, number, density, topography), type of anesthesia, duration of laser use, duration of intervention, postoperative outcomes. Data entry and analysis were carried out using the software (Word 2016 and SPSS). Result: We collected 30 cases of laser ureteroscopy. The average age was 37 years with extremes of 9 and 79 years. The male gender was more represented. The most common age group was 24-39 years old. Renal colic was the most frequent reason for admission, 12 patients (40%). On physical examination, lumbar tenderness was present in 47% (14 patients). ECBU was positive in 4 patients (13%). CT scan was performed in all our patients before the intervention. The average stone size was 12 mm and the largest was 23 mm. The majority of stones, i.e. 59% (18 patients), had a density greater than 1000 HU. The stone was unique in 19 patients (63%). The location of the stone was pyelic in 8 patients or 27%. An impact on the upper urinary tract was found in 16 of our patients or 53%. General anesthesia was used in 25 patients (83%). A digital flexible ureteroscopy was used in 24 patients and a semi-rigid ureteroscopy (URS) in 6 patients. Full-course fragmentation was the most used therapeutic method, 9 patients or 32%. The average duration of interventions was 61 minutes. Drainage by double J catheter at the end of the procedure was performed in all our patients. The length of hospitalization was 24 hours. Only one case of failure in the USSR was recorded, and one case of failure was in the semi-rigid URS. Conclusion: Laser ureteroscopy is an effective minimally invasive surgery in the management of lithiasis of the upper urinary tract. It significantly reduces the length of hospitalization. Mastery of this technique and the acquisition of the equipment necessary for its implementation is an undeniable asset in the management of renal and ureteral lithiasis.

Effects of flexible ureteroscopy combined with percutaneous nephrolithotomy on inflammatory immune indexes and related factors in patients with renal calculi

Objective:To explore the effects of flexible ureteroscopy combined with percutaneous nephrolithotomy on inflammatory immune indexes and related factors in patients with renal calculi.Methods: From December 2016 to November 2017, 97 patients with renal calculi were selected and divided into control group (48 cases) and observation group (49 cases), the control group was treated with percutaneous nephrolithotomy. On the basis of the treatment of the control group, the observation group was treated with ureteroscopic lithotripsy. The changes of inflammatory mediators, immune index, thyroxine (TH), urokinase (UK) and renal function were compared between the two groups before and after treatment.Results: After treatment, the levels of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), substance P (SP), nitric oxide (NO) and lipid peroxide (LPO) in the two groups were significantly higher than those before treatment, and the levels of PGE2, SP, NO and LPO in the control group were significantly higher than those in the observation group;the levels of CD4+, CD4+/CD8+ in the two groups were significantly lower than those before treatment, but the levels of CD8+ were significantly higher than those before treatment, and the levels of CD4+, CD4+/CD8+in the control group were significantly lower than those in the observation group, and the levels of CD8+ were significantly higher than those in the observation group;the levels of TH in the two groups were significantly lower than those before treatment, but the levels of UK were significantly higher than those before treatment, and the levels of TH in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group, and the levels of UK were significantly higher than those in the control group;the levels of urea nitrogen (BUN), serum creatinine (Scr), cystatin C (CysC) in the two groups were significantly higher than those before treatment, and the levels of BUN, Scr, CysC in the control group were significantly higher than those in the observation group. Conclusions:The combination of ureteroscope and percutaneous nephroscope can relieve inflammation stress, alleviate immunosuppression, enhance stone clearance and reduce the damage to renal function. It is of clinical significance.

Comparison of combined laparoscopic ureterolithotomy and flexible ureteroscopy with percutaneous nephrolithotomy for removing large impacted upper ureteral stones with concurrent renal stones

Objectives:The present study compared the safety and efficacy of combined laparoscopic ureterolithotomy(LU)and flexible ureteroscopy with percutaneous nephrolithotomy(PCNL)for removing large impacted upper ureteral stones with concurrent renal stones.Methods:This study included 52 patients who underwent combined LU and retrograde flexible ureteroscopy for removing renal stones(group A)or PCNL(group B)for removing large upper impacted ureteral stones and concurrent renal stones at our department from January 2014 to December 2016.Patient demographics,stone characteristics,and procedure-related parameters including stone-free rate,operation time,hospital stay after surgery,mean decrease in hemoglobin levels,visual analog scale(VAS)score,auxiliary procedure rate,and complication rate were compared between groups A and B.Results:Results of this study showed that both procedures were effective for removing large impacted upper ureteral stones with concurrent renal stones.The stone-free rate after a single procedure was 95.7%in group A and 89.7%in group B(p?0.62).The operation time was longer in group A than in group B(112.2±23.3 min versus 96.2±16.4 min,p?0.006).However,no significant difference was observed between the two groups with respect to the length of hospital stay after the surgery(5 days versus 6 days,p?0.06).The decrease in hemoglobin levels was significantly higher in group B than in group A(0.64±0.36 g/dL versus1.44±0.65 g/dL,p<0.0001).The mean VAS scores obtained at 24 hours(2.91±1.08 versus 5.10±1.01,p<0.0001)and 48 hours after the surgery(1.09±0.73 versus 2.28±0.96,p<0.0001)were significantly higher for group B than for group A.Moreover,the auxiliary procedure rate was higher in group B than in group A(6.9%versus 0%).Conclusion:These results indicate that both combined LU and flexible ureteroscopy and PCNL are suitable for removing large impacted upper ureteral stones with concurrent renal stones and are associated with a high rate of patients being stone free afterwards.Despite the longer operation time,the combined laparoscopic and endourological procedure may be associated with less postoperative pain and fewer major complications.However,the choice of treatment depends on the preferences of surgeons and patients.

Seismic fragility of flexible pipeline connections in a base isolated medical building

Flexible pipelines are often used to connect hard pipes from a foundation to a superstructure to accommodate large deformation in the base isolation layer during an earthquake. Although Chinese seismic design guidelines suggest several confi gurations, they are diff erent from the designs that have been proven in practice, e.g., Japanese styles, and extensive experimental investigation into their seismic performance is required. Three types of seals, rubber-, metal- and asbestinebased, were tested quasi-statically with infi lled pressurized water at 2.5 MPa. The asbestine-based seal leaked at a smaller deformation than the other two types of seals. Based on the test results, three damage states were defi ned and the deformation capacity was estimated. To evaluate their performance, a three-dimensional model of a base-isolated medical building was developed using OpenSees, with the fl exible pipelines simulated by a mechanical model calibrated from the experimental data. A probabilistic seismic demand model and the fragility function of the fl exible pipelines were then developed to evaluate the seismic performance.

Role of virtual reality in improving the spatial perception of the kidney during flexible ureteroscopy:A feasibility study using virtual reality simulators and 3D models

Background:The aims were to describe a software-based reconstruction of the patient-specific kidney cavity intraluminal appearance via a head-mounted device and to estimate its feasibility for training novices.Materials and methods:In total,15 novices were recruited.Each novice was shown a three-dimensional reconstruction of a patient's computed tomography scan,whose kidney was printed.They then joined the surgeon in the operating room and assisted them in detecting the stone during flexible ureteroscopy on the printed model.Then,each participant did a 7-day virtual reality(VR)study followed by virtual navigation of the printed kidney model and came to the operating room to help the surgeon with ureteroscope navigation.The length of the procedure and the number of attempts to find the targeted calyx were compared.Results:With VR training,the length of the procedure(p=0.0001)and the number of small calyces that were incorrectly identified as containing stones were significantly reduced(p=0.0001).All the novices become highly motivated to improve their endourological skills further.Participants noticed minimal values for nausea and for disorientation.However,oculomotor-related side effects were defined as significant.Five specialists noticed a good similarity between the VR kidney cavity representation and the real picture,strengthening the potential for the novice's education via VR training.Conclusions:Virtual reality simulation allowed for improved spatial orientation within the kidney cavity by the novices and could be a valuable option for future endourological training and curricula.

输尿管软镜下钬激光碎石治疗输尿管上段结石并发输尿管狭窄的危险因素分析

目的探讨输尿管软镜下钬激光碎石治疗输尿管上段结石并发输尿管狭窄的危险因素。方法选取输尿管上段结石患者988例,根据手术设备不同分为软镜组和硬镜组,比较两组皮质醇(Cor)、C反应蛋白(CRP)水平。软镜组根据术后有无并发输尿管狭窄分为狭窄组和非狭窄组,采用多因素Logistic回归分析输尿管狭窄的危险因素。结果两组术后Cor、CRP水平均高于术前,且软镜组低于同时间硬镜组(P<0.05)。软镜组输尿管狭窄发生率为5.60%。病程、结石直径、结石嵌顿和输尿管损伤是并发输尿管狭窄的独立危险因素(P<0.05)。结论输尿管软镜对该类患者机体应激反应影响更小,且病程、结石直径、结石嵌顿及输尿管损伤是并发输尿管狭窄的独立危险因素。

输尿管软镜与微通道经皮肾镜碎石术治疗老年患者2.0~3.0 cm非下盏肾结石的疗效比较

目的探讨一次性电子输尿管软镜治疗老年患者2.0~3.0 cm非下盏肾结石的疗效和安全性。方法2021年1月~2022年12月我院78例老年患者2.0~3.0 cm非下盏肾结石,按照术式分为FURL组[一次性电子输尿管软镜碎石术(flexible ureteroscope lithotripsy,FURL)42例]和MPCNL组[微通道经皮肾镜碎石术(minimally invasive percutaneous nephrolithotomy,MPCNL)36例],比较2组手术时间、碎石时间、术后血红蛋白下降值、术后疼痛视觉模拟评分(Visual Analogue Scale,VAS)、住院时间、术后1周和4周结石清除率(stone free rate,SFR)、二次治疗率和并发症发生率等。结果所有患者均顺利完成手术。FURL组血红蛋白下降值(4.4±1.6)g/L,显著低于MPCNL组(24.7±4.6)g/L(t=-25.342,P=0.000);FURL组术后疼痛VAS评分(1.6±0.4)分,显著低于MPCNL组(5.6±0.9)分(t=-25.642,P=0.000);FURL组碎石时间(82.5±10.2)min,明显长于MPCNL组(53.8±8.4)min(t=13.437,P=0.000);FURL组手术时间(98.3±12.5)min,与MPCNL组(96.7±11.8)min比较差异无统计学意义(t=0.555,P=0,581);FURL组住院时间(3.5±1.5)d,显著短于MPCNL组住院时间(8.6±1.7)d(t=-13.947,P=0.000)。FURL组并发症发生率26.2%(11/42),与MPCNL组27.8%(10/36)差异无显著性(χ^(2)=0.025,P=0.875)。FURL组二次治疗率19.0%(8/42),与MPCNL组11.1%(4/36)差异无显著性(χ^(2)=0.938,P=0.333)。FURL组术后1周SFR 54.8%(23/42),明显低于MPCNL组86.1%(31/36)(χ^(2)=8.943,P=0.003);FURL组术后4周SFR 90.5%(38/42),与MPCNL组91.7%(33/36)差异无显著性(χ^(2)=0.000,P=1.000)。结论一次性电子输尿管软镜治疗老年患者2.0~3.0 cm非下盏肾结石效果显著,具有创伤小、恢复快、出血少、并发症发生率低、住院时间短等优势,值得在临床上推广应用。

输尿管镜钬激光碎石术治疗糖尿病肾盏结石的效果及对术后尿路炎症的影响

目的探讨输尿管镜钬激光碎石术治疗糖尿病肾盏结石的效果及对术后尿路炎症的影响。方法选取2021-01-01至2023-03-31武警北京总队医院收治的行输尿管镜钬激光碎石术治疗的肾盏结石患者124例,根据是否合并糖尿病分为A组62例(合并糖尿病)和B组62例(不合并糖尿病)。观察两组治疗指标及治疗前后血清、尿液中的炎症因子表达情况。结果两组手术时间[(75.6±8.7)min vs.(73.8±12.8)min]和结石清除率(80.6%vs.82.3%)比较,差异无统计学意义;B组住院时间(4.1±0.8)d,术中出血量(12.4±3.9)ml,显著低于A组[(6.6±1.2)d、(15.2±5.8)ml],差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组手术后12 h血清IL-1β、IL-6和CRP表达量显著高于手术前,且B组明显低于A组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组手术后12 h尿液中IL-1β、IL-6和CRP表达量显著高于手术前,且B组显著低于A组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论合并有糖尿病的肾盏结石患者行输尿管镜钬激光碎石术后要积极抗炎治疗,避免影响手术结果。

输尿管硬镜联合软镜碎石取石术治疗老年输尿管结石的临床效果及术后发生全身炎症反应综合征的危险因素

目的探讨输尿管硬镜联合输尿管软镜碎石取石术(FURL)治疗老年输尿管结石(UC)的临床效果及术后全身炎症反应综合征(SIRS)发生的危险因素。方法选取2018年1月至2022年12月在郑州市第三人民医院接受治疗的老年UC患者共计200例,以随机数字表法分为研究组(n=100)与对照组(n=100),对照组采用半硬性输尿管镜治疗,研究组采用输尿管硬镜联合FURL治疗,对两组一期清石率、围手术期指标及排尿功能进行比较,并统计术后SIRS发生情况,进行单因素分析与多因素Logistic回归分析以明确术后SIRS发生的危险因素。结果研究组一期清石率较对照组更高,术中出血量更少,血尿持续时间更短,但手术时间、住院时间更长,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);与术后1个月相比,两组术后3个月最大尿流量(Qmax)增加,国际前列腺症状评分量表(IPSS)评分下降,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),且研究组术后1个月、3个月的Qmax较对照组更高,IPSS评分更低,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);100例患者中,10例发生SIRS,发生率为10.00%;发生组术前白细胞计数(WBC)≥10×10~9/L、术前因结石发热、术中尿液浑浊与脓苔的患者比例较未发生组更高,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,术前因结石发热(OR=4.213)、术前WBC≥10×10~9/L(OR=2.122)、术中尿液浑浊与脓苔(OR=3.616)是输尿管硬镜联合FURL术后SIRS发生的独立危险因素,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论输尿管硬镜联合FURL应用于老年UC患者中,能够促进一期清石率提高及术中出血量减少,缩短血尿持续时间,提高排尿功能,但会延长手术时间、住院时间;术前WBC≥10×10~9/L、术前因结石发热、术中尿液浑浊与脓苔均为术后SIRS发生的危险因素。

结石细菌培养在控制逆行软性输尿管镜激光碎石术后感染性并发症中的作用

目的评估术前中段尿、肾盂尿及结石细菌培养在控制逆行软性输尿管镜激光碎石术(FURL)后感染性并发症中的作用及价值。方法回顾性收集2021年11月至2023年5月在石河子大学第一附属医院和华中科技大学同济医学院附属同济医院行FURL的326例肾结石患者的临床资料,收集患者术前中段尿、术中肾盂尿及结石标本进行细菌培养。根据术后感染发生情况将患者分为非感染组和感染组,记录患者围手术期细菌培养及药物敏感性试验结果、感染指标及抗生素使用等情况,分析患者发生感染性并发症的相关危险因素。结果326例患者术后有38例(11.66%)发生了全身炎症反应综合征(SIRS),15例(4.60%)发展为严重脓毒血症。术前中段尿、肾盂尿及结石细菌培养的阳性率分别为16.87%(55/326)、10.43%(34/326)和15.95%(52/326)。单因素及多因素Logistic回归分析显示结石大小(P=0.010)、手术时间(P=0.030)和结石细菌培养(P<0.01)是术后发生SIRS的独立危险因素。结石细菌培养阳性是术后发生严重脓毒血症的独立危险因素(P=0.047)。大肠埃希菌是3种标本中检出阳性率最高的细菌,结石来源大肠埃希菌对氨基糖苷类及β内酰胺酶类抗生素耐药比例较高。结论结石细菌培养阳性是FURL术后发生感染性并发症的独立危险因素,结石细菌培养有助于指导FURL术后抗菌药物的使用,建议针对FURL术后感染高危人群进行结石细菌培养及药敏试验。

输尿管支架附壁结石的危险因素分析与处理

目的分析上尿路手术术后输尿管支架附壁结石的临床特征与处理方式,剖析附壁结石形成的可能原因,探讨防范和处理对策。方法选取2022年1月至2023年12月浙江省人民医院收治的23例上尿路手术术后输尿管支架附壁结石患者作为研究组,并随机纳入同期入院的42例上尿路手术术后无输尿管支架附壁结石患者作为对照组。统计并比较两组患者的年龄、性别、体质量指数(body mass index,BMI)、尿常规、尿培养、血肌野、依据肌酐评估的肾小球滤过率(glomerular filtration rate,GFR)、有无代谢综合征、支架管留置时间、既往手术方式等基本情况。根据患者结石情况,选择不同手术方式进行碎石并更换输尿管支架管。结果两组年龄、性别、BMI、血肌酐、GFR、有无代谢综合征、是否双侧置管、既往手术方式、是否存在术前尿路感染比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。两组输尿管支架留置时间比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。附壁结石大小与支架管留置时间呈正相关(回归系数为0.29,95%CI 0.19~0.39,P<0.001)。附壁结石最大径平均(3.2±0.6)cm,术后平均住院时间为5.0(3.0,6.0)d,术后平均留置时间为1.0(1.0,2.0)个月。8例接受体外冲击波碎石术(extracorporeal shock-wave lithotripsy,ESWL)后顺利拔管,9例接受逆行输尿管镜碎石术后成功拔管,6例接受顺行经皮肾镜联合逆行输尿管镜下碎石术后拔除滞留支架管。所有患者术后重新更换支架管并在0.5~3.0个月后门诊拔除。9例附壁结石成分为草酸钙患者术后带管期间口服枸橼酸钾缓释片,均未出现附壁结石复发导致再次拔管困难。术后随访3~12个月,无输尿管狭窄、肾积水、肾结石复发病例。结论附壁结石成分构成与上尿路结石大体相同。输尿管支架管附壁结石的发生及其直径大小,与支架管留置时间呈正相关。大多数附壁结石成分质地疏松,可通过相应手术方式进行处理。长期留置输尿管支架管患者,参照常规上尿路结石的定期随访管理较为重要。

Piezolith 3000 plus碎石机体外冲击波治疗单发输尿管结石的安全性和有效性及其失败因素分析

目的:探讨新一代双层压电碎石机Piezolith 3000 plus体外冲击波碎石术(SWL)治疗单发输尿管结石的安全性和疗效及其失败因素。方法:选取2019年2月至2022年7月温州医科大学附属台州医院应用Piezolith 3000 plus体外碎石机治疗的3515例单发输尿管结石患者,男2167例,女1348例;年龄10个月至76岁[(41.2±9.3)岁]。其中儿童(<14岁)9例(0.25%),男4例,女5例。结石位于输尿管上段1620例(46.1%),中段489例(13.9%),下段1406例(40.0%)。结石大小0.7~2.0(0.94±0.16)cm。记录和评估患者治疗后的清石率、辅治率、复治率以及相关并发症等。结果:3515例患者中一次性成功碎石2897例(82.42%),3个月清石率为91.04%,再治疗率为8.62%,总体效率商为81.7。血尿是术后最常见的并发症,未发现严重并发症。多因素Logistic回归分析发现,BMI>25 kg/m~2(OR=1.795,95%CI=1.127~3.157)、结石大小≥1.0 cm(OR=2.157,95%CI=1.413~5.647)、结石位置输尿管下段(上段,OR=3.155,95%CI=1.399~11.765;中段,OR=6.098,95%CI=1.569~52.632)和重度肾积水(轻度,OR=1.244,95%CI=1.054~1.686;中度,OR=1.335,95%CI=1.088~1.569)是SWL失败的重要独立预测因素(P<0.05)。结论:双层压电式Piezolith 3000 plus碎石机具有碎石颗粒细小,清石率高,相对无痛、无创的优点,治疗单发输尿管结石安全、有效;BMI>25 kg/m~2、结石长径≥1.0 cm、结石位于输尿管下段和重度肾积水是SWL失败的独立预测因素。

可弯曲负压鞘联合软镜治疗≤3 cm上尿路结石的临床研究

目的:比较可弯曲负压鞘与负压直鞘、普通直鞘联合输尿管软镜在≤3 cm上尿路结石治疗中的临床疗效与安全性。方法:回顾性分析2022年1月至2023年9月重庆医科大学附属第一医院及重庆市綦江区人民医院接受输尿管软镜钬激光碎石取石术的128例上尿路结石患者的临床资料,因使用输送鞘不同,将病例分为可弯曲负压鞘组(组1,n=61);负压直鞘组(组2,n=31);普通直鞘组(组3,n=36),普通直鞘组、负压直鞘组统称传统鞘组。比较3组患者基线数据和围手术期指标。结果:3组患者一般资料,包括:性别、年龄、体质指数(body mass index,BMI)、结石直径、结石类型及方位、术前是否留置输尿管支架、术前感染指标以及住院时间和术后血红蛋白下降值比较,差异均无统计学意义。结石直径≤3 cm,可弯曲鞘组清石率最高(91.80%vs.80.65%vs.72.22%),与普通直鞘组相比差异有统计学意义(91.80%vs.72.22%;χ^(2)=4.155,P=0.012);且其净石率最高,与传统鞘组相比差异有统计学意义(73.77%vs.41.94%vs.33.33%;χ^(2)=17.486,P<0.001)。当结石分层直径大于2 cm时,可弯曲负压鞘组比传统鞘组净石率高,差异有统计学意义(72.55%vs.36%vs.23.08%;χ^(2)=19.645,P<0.001)。当结石直径为<2 cm时,可弯曲鞘组的清石率(90.00%vs.83.33%vs.90.00%;χ^(2)=0.193,P>0.908)和净石率(80.00%vs.66.67%vs.60.00%;χ^(2)=0.963,P>0.618)较传统鞘组稍高,差异无统计学意义。可弯鞘组的手术时间更长、住院总费用更低、并发症发生率更低。结论:可弯曲负压鞘可带来更高的即刻清石率、净石率以及更低的术后感染风险,同时减少了取石网篮的使用,节约了住院费用。与传统鞘相比在治疗≤3 cm上尿路结石有更高的有效性及安全性,值得推广应用。

输尿管镜在早期结核性肾积水治疗中的应用

目的探讨输尿管镜在早期结核性肾积水治疗中的应用。方法选取新疆医科大学第八附属医院2018年12月-2020年12月收治的43例结核性肾积水患者的临床资料。术前行抗结核治疗2周后行经尿道输尿管镜探查+输尿管狭窄扩张+输尿管支架置入术,术后继续抗结核治疗12个月。对治疗前后相关指标(血沉、尿常规、GFR、积水程度)进行分析。结果患者完成术后随访12月。术后患肾GRF水平有所增高,肾积水明显改善;尿常规中尿WBC、尿RBC明显减少、血沉下降,与术前比较术后3月、6月、9月、12月水平差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);尿PRO术后3个月开始减少,术后9月转阴率达到100%(P<0.05)。结论对结核性肾积水患者术前抗结核治疗2周后行经尿道输尿管镜探查+扩张+支架置入术后感染指标下降,患肾功能改善,是一种有效治疗方法之一。