An improved association-mining research for exploring Chinese herbal property theory: based on data of the Shennong's Classic of Materia Medica

Knowledge Discovery in Databases is gaining attention and raising new hopes for traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） researchers. It is a useful tool in understanding and deciphering TCM theories. Aiming for a better understanding of Chinese herbal property theory （CHPT）, this paper performed an improved association rule learning to analyze semistructured text in the book entitled Shennong＇s Classic of Materia Medica. The text was firstly annotated and transformed to well-structured multidimensional data. Subsequently, an Apriori algorithm was employed for producing association rules after the sensitivity analysis of parameters. From the confirmed 120 resulting rules that described the intrinsic relationships between herbal property （qi, flavor and their combinations） and herbal efficacy, two novel fundamental principles underlying CHPT were acquired and further elucidated： （1） the many-to-one mapping of herbal efficacy to herbal property; （2） the nonrandom overlap between the related efficacy of qi and flavor. This work provided an innovative knowledge about CHPT, which would be helpful for its modern research.

Correlation of ^1H NMR Chemical Shift for Aqueous Solutions by Statistical Associating Fluid Theory Association Model

1H NMR chemical shifts of binary aqueous mixtures of acylamide, alcohol, dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO), and acetone are correlated by statistical associating fluid theory (SAFT) association model. The comparison between SAPT association model and Wilson equation shows that the former is better for dealing with aqueous solutions. Finally, the specialties of both models are discussed.

The study of slip line field and upper bound method based on associated flow and non-associated flow rules

At present, associated flow rule of traditional plastic theory is adopted in the slip line field theory and upper bound method of geotechnical materials. So the stress characteristic line conforms to the velocity line. It is proved that geotechnical materials do not abide by the associated flow rule. It is impossible for the stress characteristic line to conform to the velocity line. Generalized plastic mechanics theoretically proved that plastic potential surface intersects the Mohr-Coulomb yield surface with an angle, so that the velocity line must be studied by non-associated flow rule. According to limit analysis theory, the theory of slip line field is put forward in this paper, and then the ultimate beating capacity of strip footing is obtained based on the associated flow rule and the non-associated flow nile individually. These two results are identical since the ultimate bearing capacity is independent of flow role. On the contrary, the velocity fields of associated and non-associated flow rules are different which shows the velocity field based on the associat- ed flow rule is incorrect.

Explain the relationship between the theory of spleen viscera and the pathogenesis of malignant tumors from the perspective of system theory

The spleen visceral manifestation theory(SVMT)is formed under the simple holistic thinking mode of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM).It emphasizes the change of our organic function.And SVMT can make me to understand the basic characteristics and rules of the organic functional change and disease evolution of spleen(which is a complex giant system from a macroscopic view).However,the formation of SVMT is still in the stage of fuzzy deduction,ignoring the structural basis of its function.As a result,although SVMT has a macroscopic accuracy,it is unable to analyze the internal structure from the perspective of reductionism.The systematic thought of unifying reductionism and holistic dialectics provides the possibility for the relationship between traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)theory and modern scientific research.Based on the systematic relationship between spleen storage and malignant tumor,this paper tries to take matter-energy-information as the starting point by drawing lessons from complex scientific theory and using the method of interdisciplinary comprehensive analysis under the guidance of system theory.Explore its mechanism and law more scientifically from the subcellular level,so as to further improve and deepen the theoretical system of malignant tumor research based on SVMT.

From Differential Mode of Association to Tianxia Worldview:A Study on Chinese Entrepreneurial Spirit

China has made significant strides in economic and social development since reform and opening up over the past four decades.This process has been influenced by the exceptional innovation and entrepreneurship of Chinese business leaders,as well as their profound sentiments of compassion for the world and their country.It is of great significance to foster and promote an entrepreneurial spirit with distinctive Chinese characteristics.Not only is such spirit essential to the high-quality development of enterprises and the economy,but it is also a critical impetus for achieving Chinese modernization.Nevertheless,there is still a paucity of adequate theoretical discourse on the cultural origins and entrepreneurial spirit of outstanding Chinese business leaders.This paper employs the classical grounded theory method to conduct a 10-year follow-up research on 11 representative entrepreneurs and their enterprises.The results indicate that these entrepreneurs exhibit an evolving worldview along the paths of“self-cultivation and moral conduct”,“assisting employees to achieve”,“multilateral symbiosis”,and“the oneness of existence”when interacting with themselves,employees,partners,the general public,and all things in nature.Such entrepreneurial spirit is embodied in this paper as the“Tianxia(all-under-heaven)worldview”.Through theoretical construction,this study defines the concept of“Tianxia worldview”and extensively examines the distinctions and connections between the broadminded“Tianxia worldview”and the kinship-centered“differential mode of association”in terms of internal structure,value orientation,and applicable groups.It is posited that the transition from the former to the latter is a continuous process of transcendence and evolution of the individual mindset.This study has theoretical significance in the context of advancing the research on the Chinese entrepreneurial spirit,transcending the constraints of the management approach based on the“differential mode of association”,and enhancing the research on social responsibility from the perspective of“benefit corporations”.It also has practical value in overcoming the trust dilemma and development impediment of family businesses,ensuring that enterprises consciously fulfill their social responsibilities in a broader social context,and achieving common prosperity and progress for both enterprises and society.

The prescription rule analysis of the New Theory on Spleen Dampness Syndrome by Academician TONG Xiaolin

Objective To analyze the basic characteristics,drug features,prescription rules,and drug-symptom relationships of patients in the splenic deficiency and impairment stage,by data mining of medical records under the New Theory on Spleen Dampness Syndrome(Pi Dan Xin Lun,《脾瘅新论》).Methods Medical records listed in the“New Theory on Spleen Dampness Syndrome-Under-standing and Treatment of Metabolic Syndrome from the Perspective of Traditional Chinese Medicine”,and which were diagnosed with the spleen dampness syndrome at the splenic de-ficiency and impairment stage,during January 2004 and December 2016 were selected.These patients’data,including basic information,clinical symptoms,laboratory examination res-ults,traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)and western medicine diagnoses,treatment meth-ods,prescriptions,etc.,were collected.The collected data were subsequently compiled into a medical record database using the Epidata 3.1 data management software,followed by the use of Apriori algorithm provided in the SPSS Modeler 14.2 statistical software to investigate the association rules between drug-drug,drug-symptom,and drug-western medicine indices.Results(i)A total of 51 medical records were included,involving 17 types of syndromes.Among them,the top three with frequency≥3 included“Phlegm and blood stasis,and thoracic obstruction”“Deficiency-weakness of the spleen Qi,and static blood blocking collat-erals”,and“Deficiency-weakness of the spleen Qi,and static blood blocking collaterals”.Al-ternatively,of the 14 treatment methods,the top three treatments with frequency of≥3 in-cluded“Activating Yang and eliminating turbidity,and removing phlegm and dredging chan-nel blockage”“Strengthening the spleen and benefiting Qi,and eliminating phlegm to activ-ate the channels”,and“Warming Yang and benefiting Qi,and expelling cold to remove ob-structions”.Among the 15 prescriptions,the top three used with frequency≥3 included Huangqi Guizhi Wuwu Tang(黄芪桂枝五物汤),Gualou Xiebai Banxia Tang(瓜蒌薤白半夏汤),and Ganjiang Huangqin Huanglian Renshen Tang(干姜黄芩黄连人参汤).Lastly,of the 83 drugs used for a total of 476 times,those with frequency≥15 included Huanglian(Coptid-is Rhizoma),Huangqi(Astragali Radix),Jiudahuang(Wine-processed Rhei Radix et Rhizoma),Jixueteng(Spatholobi Caulis),Shengjiang(Zingiberis Rhizoma Recens),Huangqin(Scutellariae Radix),and Guizhi(Cinnamomi Ramulus).(ii)For the drug-drug associations,under the criteria of support≥15%and confidence=100%,seven second-order association rules,seven third-order rules,and six fourth-order roles were identified.The top-ranking rule of each was“Huangqin(Scutellariae Radix)→Huanglian(Coptidis Rhizoma)”“Ganjiang(Zingiberis Rhizoma)+Huangqin(Scutellariae Radix)→Huanglian(Coptidis Rhizoma)”,and“Baishao(Paeoniae Radix Alba)+Guizhi(Cinnamomi Ramulus)+Jixueteng(Spatho-lobi Caulis)→Huangqin(Scutellariae Radix)”,respectively.Alternatively,the drug-symptom associations were analyzed under the criteria of support≥5%and confidence=100%,which derived eight second-order association rules,31 third-order rules,and 30 fourth-order rules.The top-ranking association rule of each order was“Huangqi(Astragali Radix)→Limb ed-ema”“Guizhi(Cinnamomi Ramulus)+Jixueteng(Spatholobi Caulis)→Limb numbness and pain”,and“Guizhi(Cinnamomi Ramulus)+Jixueteng(Spatholobi Caulis)+Huangqi(As-tragali Radix)→Limb numbness and pain”,respectively.Similarly,the drug-western medi-cine index associations were investigated under the criteria of support≥5%and confidence=100%,and five second-order association rules,16 third-order rules,and 16 fourth-order rules were identified.In this category,the top-ranking association rule of each order was“Qinpi(Fraxini Cortex)→Uric acid”“Huanglian(Coptidis Rhizoma)+Ganjiang(Zingiberis Rhizoma)→Glycated hemoglobin”,and“Huanglian(Coptidis Rhizoma)+Ganjiang(Zing-iberis Rhizoma)+Huangqin(Scutellariae Radix)→Glycated hemoglobin”,respectively.Conclusion Through association rule mining,this study objectively and quantitatively demonstrated the drug-drug,drug-symptom,and drug-physicochemical index associations of patients with the spleen dampness syndrome at the splenic deficiency and impairment stage treated by Academician TONG Xiaolin.The results indicated that treatment for these patients adopted the“state-target”syndrome differentiation method.The drug combination was characterized by“small prescriptions”,targeting both the patient’s symptoms and signs(syndrome target)and western medicine indices(treatment target).This study could provide references for future research on the academic thoughts and medical experience of Academi-cian TONG Xiaolin.

The Influence of Emotions and Behavioral Theories behind Hand Hygiene in COVID-19 Pandemic

Background: Hand hygiene (HH) is essential in preventing healthcare-associated infections, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic, where SARS-CoV2 has shown the ability to survive on surfaces for days. In this study, we explore HH compliance rate and the factors associated with its increase during COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: HH compliance was assessed amongst doctors in Anesthesia and Surgical Intensive Care Unit by direct observation between 2018 and 2021. An anonymous survey was then sent to the doctors to understand factors influencing the observed improvement in HH compliance during the pandemic. Results: Compliance towards the five moments of HH has shown a statistically significant rising trend from a median HH compliance of 60% in 2018, to 70% in 2019 to 94% in 2020. However, HH compliance subsequently declined in the first quarter of 2021 to median of 87%. The follow-up survey had a response rate of 96% (n = 53). 90% of survey participants responded that their HH frequency had increased during the COVID-19 pandemic with 47% stating they were performing HH 11 - 20 times/day. 64% responded that this increased frequency had affected their skin condition. 62% responded that this increased frequency was sustainable even after the pandemic ends. Participants ranked considerations influencing HH compliance. “Prevent transmitting the infection to vulnerable patients” was ranked highest followed by “High infection rate”, “Fear of contracting COVID-19” and lastly, “Public health guidelines”. Conclusions: Despite the absence of new campaigns, HH compliance reached an all-time high. The pandemic has provided opportunity for behavioral change through “reflective” drivers of behavior such as emotions (“Fear”) and knowledge (“High infection rate”). Understanding the motivations behind current increased HH compliance and riding on the increased initial uptake of behavior may help convert HH into a habitual action and not just a reaction to the pandemic.

A Density Functional Theory Study of the Hydrates of 2NH_3:H_2SO_4 and Its Implications for the Formation of Atmosphere Particles

Density functional theory was used at the B3LYP/6-311＋＋G（d,p） level of theory to study the hydrates of 2NH3：H2SO4：nH2O for n = 0～4. Neutrals of the most stable clusters, when n = 0 and 1, spontaneously formed and were determined to be hydrogen-bonded molecular complexes of monomeric species. Double ions （clusters containing a NH4＋ cation and a HSO4- anion） or even ternary ions （clusters with two NH4＋ cations and one SO42- anion） spontaneously formed in the most stable clusters of 2NH3：H2SO4：nH2O （n = 2, 3, 4）. The energetics of binding and incremental association was also calculated. Double ions are not energetically favorable until 2NH3：H2SO4：2H2O because of the about equal free energies for forming the neutral （the most stable） and double ion （the second stable） isomers. The free energy of incremental association from free H2O and 2NH3：H2SO4：nH2O has a maximum at n = 2 at room temperature with ΔG ≈ –2 kcal/mol. The comparison of incremental association energies between 2NH3：H2SO4：nH2O, NH3：H2SO4：nH2O and H2SO4：nH2O clusters revealed that NH3 plays an important role in the atmospheric particle nucleation.

Addressing On-board Assaults and Driver Health and Well-Being： A Voluntary Professional Association＇s Approach

This paper provides an account of how a voluntary professional association （or industry representative body） in Victoria, Australia, led a whole-of-industry response to an alarming increase in on-board assaults on bus drivers by passengers, and the resulting impact on drivers＇ health and well-being. Influenced by literature and guided by the results from two commissioned research pieces, the association developed and implemented a five pillar strategy to address these issues. A stakeholder perspective was adopted to develop the strategy in order to ensure high relevance and value by being as inclusive as possible across the entire industry, and agency theory underpinned the association＇s implementation of the strategy. It is hoped that this case study exemplar will assist increase the productivity and social capital of an industry. others in utflising theory for policy change with a view to

气机升降理论内涵及不寐病辨证分型探讨

气机升降理论是“汉派李氏脑病流派”辨治不寐病的核心理论思想,基于气机升降理论将不寐病分为升降太过和升降不及两大类,根据气机运行的部位、气的多少、气机升降出入的不同形式将不寐病分为营卫不和型、脏腑气机失调型、阴阳不交型三大类型;每一类型又有各自不同亚型,共有卫阳虚不敛营阴证、卫气盛夜不入营阴证、卫气入于阴而日不得出于阳证、肝胆气机疏泄失调证、心肾气机上下相济失调证、脾升胃降枢机失调证、阳不入阴证、阳盛阴虚证、阴不潜阳证九种亚型,并表现出各自独有的临床特征。基于气机升降理论的辨证分型法补充完善了现阶段不寐病辨证分型类别,为临床诊治不寐病开拓了新思路。

中医治疗弱精子症的进展概述

弱精子症是临床常见的男性不育症,由多项因素共同导致。中医对弱精子症的病因病机有充分认识,且理论清晰,可采用分型施治、五脏分治、经络论治等多种方法治疗,对有明确病因以及无明确病因的弱精子症均有良好的治疗效果。上述治疗方法的实施涉及到对弱精子症患者证候类型的认知、特定药物的选择、针刺技术的使用等多项内容,总体呈现出方法多、疗效优的特点,对提高弱精子症的总体疗效、拓展弱精子症的认知深度发挥了积极的作用。本文即从中医对弱精子症的诊断与治疗进行简单总结。

基于多元线路特征因素融合的电压暂降严重程度评估

现有电压暂降严重程度评估方法未充分考虑多元线路特征因素对输电线路故障概率的影响,评估结果存在较大误差。由此,文中提出了基于多元线路特征因素融合的电压暂降严重程度评估方法。首先,基于线路历史故障数据,采用关联规则量化多元线路特征因素对线路故障的影响程度进行研究。然后,通过改进D-S证据理论融合多元线路特征因素建立准确的线路年故障概率模型,并采用基于最大熵模型的故障点法评估节点的电压暂降量。最后,提出了一种同时考虑系统侧电压暂降严重程度和用户敏感设备耐受特性的综合电压暂降严重程度指标,用于评估节点电压暂降严重程度。基于实际电能质量监测数据进行验证,并与未充分考虑线路特征因素的评估案例进行比较,结果表明所提方法能有效提升电压暂降严重程度评估的准确性。

“经脉-脏腑相关”理论现代化诠释和发展思路

“经脉-脏腑相关”理论是经络学说的核心内容,是指导中医诊断和针灸治疗的重要理论基础。在该理论内容下,“司外揣内”反映脏腑病变可在体表出现特定症状或体征;而“辨经论治”则反映了经脉体表刺激可以治疗相应的脏腑疾病。在当下的多学科交叉和大数据时代下,验证及科学诠释经络学说是我们亟须解决的问题。从“经脉-脏腑相关”的角度,探讨应用大数据技术发现诊治疾病的规律,利用多学科前沿技术研究该学说的现代生物学机制,以梳理总结传统经络理论所蕴含的科学内涵及提升经络理论的临床指导价值。

农产品区块链溯源系统基于关联规则的消费者信任研究

农产品区块链溯源系统能够有效降低传统溯源系统中溯源信息失效风险,保障农产品安全。但在实际应用中也面临着消费者信任难以建立的问题,严重阻碍了区块链技术在农产品行业的普及和发展。本文利用内容分析、机器学习和关联规则方法,基于期望违背理论,探讨了溯源系统中消费者信任的影响因素及其作用机制。研究发现,农产品区块链溯源系统的信息认证和技术特性能够提升消费者的信任水平。此外,消费者期望违背、农产品地理标志和产品类别在系统特性与消费者信任之间起到显著的调节作用。本文拓展了区块链溯源场景下消费者信任的相关研究,同时也为区块链在农产品溯源领域的进一步落地应用提供新思路。

基于五脏相关理论分期辨治慢性心衰

慢性心衰是各种心脏疾病发展至终末阶段的复杂综合征,其发生发展是各脏腑共同作用的结果。国医大师任继学教授、邓铁涛教授均倡导从五脏相关出发辨治慢性心衰,刘爱东教授总结多年临证经验,深入体会五脏相关理论与慢性心衰的科学内涵,探讨在该理论指导下分期辨治慢性心衰。根据病程不同阶段,主要分为三期,Ⅰ期多以心气不足,肺气壅塞为主,Ⅱ期多见脾虚肺闭,心肝血瘀,而病至Ⅲ期多为五脏衰弱,虚实夹杂,并附医案一则详细阐释临证思路,以飨同道。

社会资本理论视角下朋辈教育的网络与资源动态——以浙江大学学生社团为例

研究以浙江大学学生社团为例,从社会资本理论视角出发,探讨了社会资本的三个维度(结构、关系、认知)对朋辈教育成效的影响。研究发现,社会资本的结构维度和认知维度对社团朋辈教育成效有显著正向影响,而关系性社会资本的影响不显著。结构性社会资本通过网络关系促进资源和信息流通,认知性社会资本通过共同的价值观和目标建立深层次理解与目标一致性。基于这些发现,研究建议高校应加强对社团核心成员的综合培养,搭建结构性更强的网络关系,提升社团活动的多样性和对其的资源支持。这些建议旨在深化社会资本的积累和应用,以提高朋辈教育的效果。研究为理解和优化中国高校社团在朋辈教育中的作用提供了新的视角和实证依据。

基于动态估计反馈的灰色理论航迹关联算法

针对传统基于灰色理论航迹关联算法未充分利用航迹历史信息,在密集目标以及时变噪声协方差等场景下关联正确率下降问题,在传统灰色分析法基础上增加了一种动态估计反馈机制。改进后的算法引入了Sage-Husa估计器来实时估计传感器的噪声协方差作为评估输出数据质量的依据,并使用Critic赋权法将实时噪声协方差转换为各时刻序贯权重,从而保证最大程度上的利用航迹历史信息。仿真证明,在密集目标与时变噪声协方差等特殊关联场景下,所提算法明显优于传统灰色分析法以及模糊法、加权法等经典算法,充分证明了所提算法的性能优越性以及鲁棒性。

基于循证理论的预见性护理策略结合声门下间歇冲洗预防2型糖尿病伴心力衰竭患者呼吸机相关性肺炎的效果及对炎性介质水平的影响

目的分析基于循证理论的预见性护理策略结合声门下间歇冲洗在预防2型糖尿病(T2DM)伴心力衰竭(HF)患者呼吸机相关性肺炎(VAP)中的应用效果。方法择取2021年1月至2022年1月收治的100例T2DM伴HF患者为研究对象,随机将其分为对照组和观察组,各50例。对照组采用常规护理干预,观察组在对照组基础上加基于循证理论的预见性护理策略结合声门下间歇冲洗。比较两组的干预效果。结果观察组的VAP发生率、随机血糖水平低于对照组,机械通气时间、气管插管时间及住院时间短于对照组(P<0.05)。干预后,观察组的肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、降钙素原(PCT)及C反应蛋白(CRP)水平低于对照组(P<0.05)。干预后,观察组的脑钠肽(BNP)水平及糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论基于循证理论的预见性护理策略结合声门下间歇冲洗能够有效预防T2DM伴HF患者VAP的发生,降低炎性介质水平,改善血糖及心功能,值得临床推广与应用。

基于中医“五脏辨治理论”探析脑卒中后失语症的病机与治法

脑卒中后失语症(post-stroke aphasia,PSA)是一种获得性语言功能障碍,会导致平均住院时间延长、院内病死率升高、医疗费用增加等多种负面结局。研究证明中医能够改善脑卒中所导致的各项语言功能障碍,然而该病的中医证型目前仍存在争议,有可能限制了中医的临床疗效。文章通过中医“五脏辨治理论”为PSA的五脏病位辨证提供理论依据,为从中医五脏角度辨证论治PSA提供思路和方法,从而提高临床疗效。基于该理论,阐述五脏通过各自生理功能、经络循行,及其与体、华、窍的对应关系能够影响语言的生成;指出PSA以五脏为发病基础,五脏功能异常所导致的脏腑阴阳失调、经脉运行失常是PSA的根本发病机制。依据该理论中五脏与外界事物的通应关系,结合近年来的临床研究结果,强调PSA的治则以“和脏腑,通经络”为总纲,以达到“开窍解语”的治疗目的。

基于中医理论探讨溃疡性结肠炎发病机制

溃疡性结肠炎(UC)对应“泄泻”“下痢”“肠澼”“大瘕泻”等中医病名,属临床难治性疾病。中医对于UC的论治颇具经验,善从脏腑、正邪、阴阳等多角度分析治疗。中医理论认为不同的病因、病机与UC的发生、发展及转归预后密切相关,发病机制往往决定着后续治则治法,因此从中医理论及病程特点探讨UC的发病机制对该病的临床预防与诊疗具有十分重要的指导意义。现试从肺合大肠、肝脾运化、肾肠相合、四时理论、子午流注、胃气盛衰等多个角度,探讨溃疡性结肠炎患者胃肠功能减退、邪气内蕴之原因,利用中医对于UC的认识对其发病机制进行溯源,为临床分型、分类防治溃疡性结肠炎提供一定的理论依据与临证思路。