More children nutrition distribution, less labor incentive: Evidence from Chinese collective agriculture

Distribution system will affect the labor incentive that has been heatedly discussed by recent literatures.Using a unique micro dataset, this paper dem on strates that the equalitaria n distributi on system is one of the reas ons for the in sufficie nt labor incentive during the Chinese Collective Agriculture period. Specifically speaking, in the distribution of basic rations, the proportion for children (aged 1-3 and 4-7 years) was often beyond their nutrition demand, resulting the dissatisfaction of other families with more laborers and less children, thus these households will reduce their labor supply gradually. At the same time, the existence of outstanding accounts makes it a failure to use work points to buy distributions, which is the mechanism of the distribution system and insufficient labor incentive. All the results have been accepted by the robustness tests. The study will help to understand the distribution system and labor incentive, as well as the failure of the Chinese collective agriculture.

Beyond Individualism Perspective of Trauma: Evidence for Adopting Collective Narratives for Empowering Long-Term Rehabilitation for Children of the Ethnic Qiang People Who Have Been Affected by Disaster

Objective: Exploring how an ethnic culture-focused collective narrative strategy can be effectively used to promote resilience among the affected Qiang children for post-disaster psychological trauma at scale. Design: The study was conducted with a cohort of ethnic Qiang children through a pretest(n=1100) and post-three years test(n=957) to evaluate the effect of the intervention program from myth story-based collective narrative cultural practices. Results: Data from the study clearly indicate that children's resilience behaviour had been greatly improved by the myth story-based collective narrative activities with average scores on 11 items showing a significant increase from 2.08 at baseline to 4.12 at 3 years follow-up posttest(mean=2.04, 95% CI=0.97, 3.11, p <0.0001). No similar change occurred in the control groups(mean=0.74, 95% CI=-0.75, 2.23, n.s). Conclusion: The adoption of an ethnic culture-focused collectivism narrative approach for reduction of vulnerability was able to greatly promote the cultural variable to enhance coping for Qiang children affected by trauma at scale, which informed the urgency for developing an indigenous psych-cultural agenda for collectively responding to disaster trauma in ethnic minority contexts.

A Survey on English Reading Status of Left-behind Children in Rural Areas of Northern China

Taking Suining County in Xuzhou city of Jiangsu province as the survey subject,this paper is to study the current English reading situation of the left-behind children based on a questionnaire survey of 472 respondents from 4 primary and middle schools in rural areas.The result indicated that there are serious problems in the current situation of English reading among left-behind children in rural areas,which are as follows:insufficient reading time and books,few access to having books,increased digital reading,many reading disabilities,poor reading environment,etc.This paper analyzes the reasons and gives corresponding countermeasures for society,school and family,to improve the English reading condition of rural left-behind children and to better promote their reading ability and habits.It also provides the reference for narrowing the disparity gap of reading resources services between urban and rural China.

A comparative study on the extracurricularreading environment of urban and rural children in Chongqing Reservoir Area

Purpose: So far, there have been few studies that discussed children’s reading environment in China’s poverty-stricken areas, this study aims to explore differences existed in extracurricular reading environment between urban and rural children in Chongqing Reservoir Area with empirical evidence.Design/methodology/approach: Using a questionnaire survey, empirical data was collected from 105 participants. Then proposed hypotheses and the reliability of the observation variables were respectively examined with ANOVA and factor analysis. The statistical analysis software SPSS19.0 was used to analyze the data.Findings: Our results showed that 1) differences did exist in school and social reading environment between urban and rural children in Chongqing Reservoir Area; 2) differences in family reading environment between urban and rural children in Chongqing Reservoir Area were not obviously observed.Research limitations: The empirical data were collected from only one county of Chongqing Reservoir Area, which may have partially affected the generalization of our conclusions. In addition, the response rate of questionnaires was comparatively low due to a relatively limited research period. Practical implications: This study would provide some reference for governments, libraries, schools and families to consider how to jointly narrow the gap in the extracurricular reading circumstance between urban and rural children in Chongqing Reservoir Area.Originality value: This is one of the first studies to explore similarities and differences in extracurricular reading environment between urban and rural children in Chinese povertystricken areas, which will help research communities to gain a deeper understanding of children’s reading environment in Chinese Reservoir Area.

美国分级阅读对我国儿童阅读的借鉴意义——以Reading Wonders Leveled Reader丛书为例

以《“奇迹”分级读物》(Reading Wonders Leveled Reader)儿童分级图书为例,从分级阅读体系、图书编制、关联课内学习内容以及文本体裁和蕴含价值观几个方面,分析美国分级阅读图书的特点与经验。在此基础之上,结合国内分级阅读发展的现状,提出中国分级阅读深入发展可以借鉴的经验,即以分级阅读标准体系为指导,依托课内学习内容主题,发展儿童的全面阅读能力,并坚持立德树人,培养儿童对中华文化和价值观的认可度和自豪感。

Working-memory training improves developmental dyslexia in Chinese children

Although plasticity in the neural system underlies working memory, and working memory can be improved by training, there is thus far no evidence that children with developmental dyslexia can benefit from working-memory training. In the present study, thirty dyslexic children aged 8-11 years were recruited from an elementary school in Wuhan, China. They received working-memory training including training in visuospatial memory, verbal memory, and central executive tasks. The difficulty of the tasks was adjusted based on the performance of each subject, and the training sessions lasted 40 minutes per day, for 5 weeks. The results showed that working-memory training significantly enhanced performance on the nontrained working memory tasks such as the visuospatial, the verbal domains, and central executive tasks in children with developmental dyslexia. More importantly, the visual rhyming task and reading fluency task were also significantly improved by training. Progress on working memory measures was related to changes in reading skills. These experimental findings indicate that working memory is a pivotal factor in reading development among children with developmental dyslexia, and interventions to improve working memory may help dyslexic children to become more proficient in reading.

Priming effects in Chinese character recognition for Chinese children with developmental dyslexia

BACKGROUND： Dyslexic children exhibit reading ability unmatched to age, although they possess normal intelligence and are well educated. OBJECTIVE： To examine the performance of dyslexic children in Chinese characters visual recognition tasks and to investigate the relationship between priming effect in character recognition and dyslexia. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING： A case-control study was performed at the Department of Children and Adolescent Health and Maternal Care, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology between March and June 2007. PARTICIPANTS： A total of 75 primary school students in grades 3 and 5 were selected from two primary schools in Wuhan City, Hubei province, China, and were assigned to three groups. （1） Reading disability （RD, n = 25）; （2） chronological age （CA） group （n = 25 normal readers that were intelligence quotient and age-matched to the RD group）; （3） reading level （RL） group （n = 25 normal readers that were intelligence quotient and RL-matched to the RD group）. All children were right-handed and had normal or corrected-to-normal vision. METHODS： Recognition of target characters was performed in each child using a masked prime paradigm. Recognition speed and accuracy of graphic, phonological, and semantic characters were examined. Simultaneously, data, with respect to response time for each target character and error rate, were recorded to calculate facilitation values （unrelated RT-related RT）. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： Response time, facilitation, and error rate in Chinese character recognition task were calculated. RESULTS： The baseline-adjusted facilitation of graphic, phonological, and semantic priming for dyslexic children was -0.010, -0.010, and 0.001, respectively. Dyslexic children displayed inhibition in graphic and phonological prime conditions. Facilitations under the three prime conditions were 0.026, 0.026, and 0.022 for the CA group. In the RL group, results were 0.062, 0.058, and 0.031 respectively. The differences of baseline-adjusted facilitation across the three groups were significant [F （2, 216） = 17.91, P 〈 0.01 ], whereas the main effect of prime condition IF （2, 216） = 0.49, P 〉 0.05] and the interaction of group x prime condition [F （4, 216） = 0.91, P 〉 0.05] were not significant. The error rate under the three prime conditions was 0.066, 0.077, and 0.079 for the RD group. As for the CA group, the results were 0.057, 0.071, and 0.074 accordingly, and in the RL group, the results were 0.119, 0.111, and 0.121, respectively. The difference of error rate across the three groups was significant （F = 6.61, P = 0.002）. The error rate was significantly greater in the RL group, compared with the CA and RD groups, while no significant difference existed between the RD and CA groups. CONCLUSION： Dyslexic children were slower to recognize target characters than normal readers, and did not exhibit significant prime effects in graphic and phonological primer condition. These results suggested that dyslexic children exhibited general deficits in phonological and graphic processing, and presented a different pattern in character recognition. These results could be interpreted by parallel-distributed processing models.

Children＇s News Online： Website Analysis and Usability Study Results （the United Kingdom, Belgium, and the Netherlands）

In this study, we combine an analysis of the toolsets of children＇s online news sites in three countries （the United Kingdom, Belgium, and the Netherlands） with a usability study of two of these news sites for children aged nine to 12 years old. Results show that especially nine-year-olds find it difficult to navigate through the sites and are faced with reading and comprehension difficulties. Not only nine-year-olds but also 12-year-olds with a higher reading proficiency level run into a lot of difficulties during the usability test. According to the Flesch and Flesch-Douma reading ease calculations, the text material on the sites is too difficult for the age group.

Dixy： A Connection Between the “Typographic Appearance” and the Brain of Children

This study presents a comparison between three different fonts in order to know the possible influence they may have when used in educational materials for children with readers difficulties resulting from dyslexia. Two of the three selected fonts （Arial and MeMimas） are frequently used in textbooks in Spain. The third type of letter （Dixy） was specially developed for typographic research purposes, following graphic features that according to literature and previous studies on reading patterns favor the dyslexic, and could improve reading skills in these individuals. To examine the quality of reading （speed and accuracy） between fonts, a small--but significant--sample was used. Ten children in Madrid, from eight to 10 years old were examined while reading words and pseudowords with three different fonts （Arial, MeMimas, and Dixy）. The result of the study shows the influence of the shapes of the letters in the legibility of texts with familiar and unfamiliar words （pseudowords） in children with dyslexia. The study showed that using the font Dixy, despite not being known by the children, reading is more accurate than using fonts known to them, such as Arial and MeMimas. As to the reading speed, the results indicate that, although the Dixy is a font never seen before by the children, reading speed is similar to a known font for them, as is the Arial, and greater than a hand writing font such as MeMimas.

A Probe into the Path of Caring for Rural Children in the Era of “Internet+”

Education is a great cause to achieve national prosperity, national rejuvenation and people’s happiness, and an important way to block the intergenerational transmission of poverty. Rural revitalization, education first. Rural children’s education is an important issue of rural revitalization. This paper takes rural children, especially left behind children and children in distress as the help objects, and uses the advantages of “Internet plus” to improve the system, strengthen family education guidance, integrate social love resources, etc., to solve the problems faced by rural children, such as no guidance in learning, lack of guidance in behavior, lack of care in life, promote the overall healthy development of rural children, and solve the problem of rural education backwardness.

家长早期阅读观念与儿童读写能力发展的关系探究

家长阅读观念是影响儿童读写能力发展的重要因素。文本从教育效能感、认同感、言语参与度、阅读理解度、知识建立、资源运用和环境投入七个维度出发,探索家长早期阅读观念现状,并对被试儿童进行读写发展量表测查,旨在探究家长早期阅读观念与儿童读写能力发展之间的关系。研究发现,家长早期阅读观念整体呈现积极态势,但不同维度间存在不平衡性,环境投入和资源运用维度的信念水平较低,家庭社会经济地位不同可能导致家长早期阅读观念存在差异;家长早期阅读观念的不同维度与儿童的读写能力发展存在显著相关,其中,阅读解释和环境投入在预测儿童读写能力发展中扮演重要角色。基于上述发现,文本认为需引导家长树立良好的早期阅读观念,加强对低家庭社会经济地位家庭的支持,重视环境投入、阅读解释和积极影响的重要价值。

Does Family Planning Increase Children's Income?

Whether the generation affected by the family planning will benefi t directly is the key to test whether the policy implications are the same to collective and individual.There are researches on the family planning's consequences are usually in the macro-level.In order to discovery how family planning directly affects the individual,this paper use micro data from China Family Panel Studies(CFPS) 2010 to test the impact of family planning on children's personal income.The results shows that"quantity-quality tradeoff"hypothesis holds on human capital levels in China,and the implementation of family planning policy effectively increases children's education level,but the social capital effect of siblings is also reduced by the family planning policy.Considering the two kinds of effects,the family planning policy has not signifi cantly affect children's personal income.

英国国家图书馆交互式数字叙事作品馆藏与阅读推广实践

数字时代的图书馆只有积极适应和应用新的数字技术,方能创新服务,更好地发挥作用。以相关研究文献与采集语料为基础,对英国国家图书馆交互式数字叙事作品馆藏与阅读推广实践现状、内在理念进行梳理分析,发现英国国家图书馆以多重角色定位积极发挥交互式数字叙事技术的催化剂作用,全面真实反映国家文化记忆现状,创新阅读推广模式,积极推进实现适应、服务和引领数字世界的目标。由此对数字时代图书馆的发展提出建议:充分认识新兴格式馆藏建设的意义,加强数字化技术研究与基础设施建设,构建阅读与推广的新形态,重视数字策展能力建设,坚守图书馆作为时代智慧宝库的价值。

基于群智图谱的图书馆智慧阅读推广服务模式研究

文章概述了群智图谱的概念和特征,对当前图书馆阅读推广服务研究现状进行了综述,从构建本体、抽取实体关系、建立映射、知识融合、群体验证五个方面设计了基于群智图谱的图书馆智慧阅读推广服务模型,并指出了该模型的具体应用,最后从塑造沉浸式阅读场景、智慧阅读指导服务、个性化阅读方案制定等方面提出了基于群智图谱的图书馆智慧阅读推广服务模式的具体实现途径。

公共图书馆儿童友好型阅读服务研究——以南京市民生实事项目“建设百家少儿图书室(阅读空间)”为例

近年来,“儿童友好”已从概念变成全社会的共识和集体行动。从“儿童友好”的内涵着手,探讨公共图书馆“儿童友好”阅读服务研究实践现状。以南京市民生实事项目“建设百家少儿图书室(阅读空间)”为例,聚焦“儿童友好”公共服务体系的构建,积极探索南京市在成功创建儿童友好城市中可复制可推广的实施路径,并从儿童视角、儿童参与、儿童需求、儿童共享4个方面分析儿童友好型阅读服务的实施策略,以此打造适儿化的公共文化服务,为城市文化建设提供借鉴和参考。

The Use of Children＇s Literature With University English as a Foreign Language Learners in Taiwan

This paper reports findings from a longitudinal qualitative study that investigated the use of children＇s literature for Taiwan Residents University English as a Foreign Language （EFL） students＇ reading. During the course of their sophomore year, 17 students participated and each student held two to seven individual reading sessions, to which they brought a self-selected children＇s picture storybook or children＇s novel they had finished reading on their own and orally read it to the researcher. Their oral reading and the discussion of each book with the researcher were audio recorded. To gain insight into the reading progress, these oral data were categorized and analyzed in terms of mispronunciation patterns, misunderstanding of vocabulary, misinterpretation of sentence or passage, and researcher＇s guidance. General findings of the 17 participants were presented in three categories： （1） vocabulary acquisition, （2） common comprehension problems, and （3） common pronunciation problems. Further analysis of two motivated students who read five to seven books revealed that （1） these two EFL learners gradually developed conscious awareness of their own pronunciation and comprehension errors and （2） they progressively acquired better competence to apply the pronunciation tips and reading comprehension techniques provided by the researcher during previous sessions. These findings and corresponding implications are discussed and further research suggestions are made.

针对弱视儿童的无障碍阅读设计研究

目的针对弱视儿童因视功能受损而引发的阅读问题,研究辅助弱视儿童的无障碍阅读视觉设计规范。通过改变阅读材料的视觉设计,辅助患儿缓解阅读困难的问题,提升阅读效率。方法首先,使用对照实验法,改变阅读材料的视觉设计形式,记录弱视儿童的阅读时间及其喜爱度。同时,采用单因素方差分析法判断各视觉因素的改变对弱视儿童阅读速率的影响。其次,根据弱视儿童的阅读痛点对材料进行阅读辅助设计,通过访谈法得出各类辅助设计对缓解弱视儿童阅读痛点的可行性。最后,依据前期实验与数据分析对适合弱视儿童使用的视觉设计规范进行总结。结果针对弱视儿童的阅读材料设计,建议使用22~24pt黑体或楷体字,字间距为50~75。使用上文下图或左文右图排版形式,运用简单柔和、边缘清晰的图像设计。在设计中,可使用色彩对字行与关键词进行突出设计,辅助患儿的阅读定位。结论通过研究得出,改变阅读材料视觉设计对提高弱视儿童的阅读速率有显著影响。通过视觉感官信息强化的设计方法,结合辅助阅读设计,可有效缓解弱视儿童在阅读过程中的拥挤现象、视野模糊、阅读跳行等问题,提升弱视儿童的学习效率。