Gu Jiegang’s “Discussion of Ancient History” Movement and It Relationship with Developments in Western Sinology

The scholarship in modern China is closely related to Western sinology in terms of school ties.Gu Jiegang’s launching of the"Discussion of Ancient History"movement centered on the"theory of the accumulated creation of Chinese ancient history"was a representative example.At the beginning of the movement Hu Shi and Gu Jiegang proposed the notion that,"there was no history before the Eastern Zhou Dynasty"which was indebted to the historical skepticism by Philip Van Ness Myers(American scholar)and Friedrich Hirth(German sinologist)of the same period.The idea that"the Shang Dynasty is still in the late Stone Age"advocated by Hu and Gu was also directly influenced by J.G.Andersson’s An Early Chinese Culture.Conversely,American sinologist Arthur W.Hummel Sr played a key role in introducing and evaluating the first volume of Discussion of Ancient History to Western academia.Paradoxically,while Swedish sinologis Bernhard Karlgren wrote On the Authenticity and Nature of the Tso Chuan to refute Kang Youwei’s reinterpretation of Confucian Classics(The Forged Classics of the Wang Mang Period),his work however became of value for Chinese historic doubt scholars to reaffirm the value of New Text Confucianism and advance the"Discussion of Ancient History"movement.If we would like to choose a saying to describe the relationship between the"Discussion of Ancien History"movement and Western Sinology,the Chinese proverb,"Stones from other hills may serve to polish jade of this one,"may be an appropriate choice.

Cultural Psychology： An Interdisciplinary Perspective

Cultural Psychology emerged as an interdisciplinary subfield roughly in the 1980s/1990s. With about thirty years of momentum, this discipline has grown from little more than a special interests group to a topic to which multiple institutions and journals have been dedicated. This paper presents an outline of the discipline of Cultural Psychology from an American interdisciplinary perspective. The pitfalls of General Psychology （research methodology, politicization, and an essentialist hermeneutic） and Anthropology （an epistemological gap in the four fields approach, psychophobia, and the role of the researcher in cultural change） are addressed, in turn. Cultural Psychology provides an alternative to these pitfalls by drawing on the strengths of each discipline to address both theoretical and empirical problems. Cultural Psychology urges for a critical reflection on the social structure and history of its own discipline, resulting in a broader academic canon and a more nuanced understanding of interdisciplinary relations within the human sciences.

Research on the Application of CAI Computer Technology in the Teaching of Western Art History

The purpose of the computer aided instruction(CAI)is to improve the teachers'teaching efficiency and stimulate the students'interests in their learning.By using the modem means of the computer aided instruction(CAI),we can do a better job in our teaching.The application of the computer-aided instruction(CAI)in the art teaching should be guided by the new ideas and concepts in the best environment for the students to leam in the most efficient and intuitive way to promote the development of the educational modernization.The current situation of the CAI courseware assistant teaching is good as a whole,but there are still some shortcomings in three aspects:the teachers'CAI skill proficiency,the integration and sharing of the CAI teaching resources,and the frequency of the CAI courseware teaching.The teaching of the art history needs to be improved.

A historical overview of Western medicine and health in Ghana in the twentieth century

Traditional therapy was dominant in Ghana.However,by the 19th to 20th centuries,scientific medicine had been fully introduced to the people of Ghana.There is a growing tendency in the research of medicine in Ghana.Some scholarly works had been published on Western medicine;however,all these works had not been brought together in analyzing the history of scientific medicine in Ghana.This work conducts an opportunistic historical overview of Western medicine and health in Ghana through the twentieth century.This is to bring to light some scholarly literature on Western medicine in Ghana,of which further research could be conducted.

A Brief History of the Development of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine

This article introduces the history of the integration of Chinese and Western medicine,from Zhang Xichun,a representative of the Huitong School of Chinese and Western Medicine,and the historical"abolition of traditional Chinese medicine",and"the scientificization of Chinese medicine"to"Integration of traditional Chinese medicine and Western medicine",passing the tortuous development.The integration of traditional Chinese and Western medicine has achieved fruitful results from the intense divergence in understanding to education,scientific research,clinical practice,and theoretical research.This article discusses the development process of the integration of traditional Chinese and Western medicine in detail from multiple dimensions such as history,reality,theory,and practice.In particular,it introduces Zhang Xichun's views and practice of integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine,the theory and practice of modern integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine,the main achievements of integrated traditional Chinese and western medicine,and typical cases of integrated traditional Chinese and western medicine.It provides reference for the vast number of integrated Chinese and Western medicine workers.

国内外学界对“ethnohistory”的研究与认知

国内学界在涉及"ethnohistory"等相关概念的翻译及使用问题上,缺乏统一认识,对"ethnohistory"这种学术现象而言亦缺乏足够的关注。西方学者的有关研究与讨论,在量上确实不少,但从他们对"ethnohistory"的总体认知来看,处于众说不一、不断变化、低估乃至漠视其学术地位的状态。国内外学界对"ethnohistory"的研究与认知,为初步廓清和复原美国学界"ethnohistory"在历史人类学历史形成与体系建构中的独特作用提供了可资借鉴、批判和依托的基础平台。

Scan of the endogenous retrovirus sequences across the swine genome and survey of their copy number variation and sequence diversity among various Chinese and Western pig breeds

In pig-to-human xenotransplantation,the transmission risk of porcine endogenous retroviruses(PERVs)is of great concern.However,the distribution of PERVs in pig genomes,their genetic variation among Eurasian pigs,and their evolutionary history remain unclear.We scanned PERVs in the current pig reference genome(assembly Build 11.1),and identified 36 long complete or near-complete PERVs(lc PERVs)and 23 short incomplete PERVs(si PERVs).Besides three known PERVs(PERV-A,-B,and-C),four novel types(PERV-JX1,-JX2,-JX3,and-JX4)were detected in this study.According to evolutionary analyses,the newly discovered PERVs were more ancient,and PERV-Bs probably experienced a bottleneck~0.5 million years ago(Ma).By analyzing63 high-quality porcine whole-genome resequencing data,we found that the PERV copy numbers in Chinese pigs were lower(32.0±4.0)than in Western pigs(49.1±6.5).Additionally,the PERV sequence diversity was lower in Chinese pigs than in Western pigs.Regarding the lc PERV copy numbers,PERV-A and-JX2 in Western pigs were higher than in Chinese pigs.Notably,Bama Xiang(BMX)pigs had the lowest PERV copy number(27.8±5.1),and a BMX individual had no PERV-C and the lowest PERV copy number(23),suggesting that BMX pigs were more suitable for screening and/or modification as xenograft donors.Furthermore,we identified 451 PERV transposon insertion polymorphisms(TIPs),of which 86 were shared by all 10 Chinese and Western pig breeds.Our findings provide systematic insights into the genomic distribution,variation,evolution,and possible biological function of PERVs.

A Study of the Differences Between Chinese and Western Names

Chinese names are different from Western names because of the differences in the history and customs between China and Western countries. Knowing the differences between Chinese and Western names can help us understand more about Chinese and Western culture.

Intergroup Evaluation as an Indicator of Emotional Elaboration of Collective Traumas in National Historical Narratives

In a longitudinal content analytical study, the authors explored intergroup evaluation patterns in Hungarian history school-book narratives about the so-called ＂Trianon Peace Treaty＂ in 1920 which had approved the detachment of 2/3 of Hungary＇s territory by victorious countries of the First World War. The event has meant a major national trauma that has not been elaborated to date. The study aimed to find evaluation patterns in temporally changing narrative constructions which were diagnostic to the process of emotional elaboration of the trauma. School-books released between 1920 and 2000 were included in the study, by a 10-year sampling method. Analysis was performed by NARRCAT （Narrative Categorial Content Analytical Tool）, a computerized tool for narrative psychological content analysis, which is capable for identifying complex linguistic structures of psychological relevance in large databases of narratives. Four different evaluation patterns emerged in the narratives which roughly correspond to four different historical eras in Hungary. Results show that the aggressor-victim relation between the former Entente powers and Hungary has remained a part of the narrative representation of the treaty, reflecting the identity state of collective victimhood.

中国翻译理论史研究:“一体双层”模式建构

当理论研究发展到一定阶段,就需要进行必要的学术史梳理,以便回望来路,展望去路。近年来,中国翻译理论史研究正成为国内译学界研究的热点之一,以应对翻译学学科进一步发展的诉求。但与当前欣欣向荣的翻译史研究相比,国内的翻译理论史研究还较为薄弱。本研究聚焦中国翻译理论史研究模式的元思考,尝试以翻译理论史的4个要素——译论、翻译实践、译论者和社会为构成性的“一体”,从内层——心理层和外层——社会层以及相对应的两个跨学科视角——发生认识论和知识社会学作为阐释性的“双层”,建构一个研究和撰写中国翻译理论史的“一体双层”模式,并对该模式进行宏观与微观相结合的理论阐发和举例论证,最后对中国翻译理论史研究提出几点建议,特别是提出建立一个译学分支学科——“译论思想史”的设想。本研究希望能为中国翻译理论史的研究和撰写提供研究模式方面的可能途径,助力中国翻译理论史研究向纵深发展。

重写艺术史:从驱逐西方中心主义“话语幽灵”开始

作为一门学科,“艺术史”首先产生于欧洲,其艺术史观念与写作范式一直存在着根深蒂固的“西方中心主义”色彩。随着西方学术话语的全球化扩张,西方中心主义作为“艺术史书写的话语幽灵”一直或明或暗地支配着世界各国的艺术史书写。无论是“艺术史”“欧洲艺术史”“世界艺术史”还是“全球艺术史”,艺术史书写术语的翻新固然体现了世界各国艺术史学者对“人类艺术通史”书写的憧憬与努力,但并没有改变现有艺术史书写作为西方中心主义话语实践的客观事实。从“不完整的艺术史”“不平等的艺术史”到“不真实的艺术史”,西方中心主义话语幽灵让东方艺术反复辗转于“缺席的东方”“替补的东方”和“易容的东方”三种大同小异的失语状态。要完成世界艺术史的重写与重构,必须从驱逐西方中心主义“话语幽灵”开始。

The Heterogeneous Differences between Chinese and Western Landscape Culture Studies

For a long time,due to the differences in terrain and culture,the aesthetic appreciation of Chinese and Western gardens has produced a large gap in modeling and design.Although the composition of garden elements is nothing more than landscape and architecture,there are obvious differences in the use of space and natural attitudes.Chinese gardens always follow the laws of natural beauty and formal beauty in modeling design,and respect nature in attitude and coordinate with nature.However,western gardens attach importance to architecture and artificalism,highlight rational aesthetics,get used to transforming nature in attitude,and always focus on"taking people as the center".They also have cognitive differences in the study of garden history.Comparing the Chinese and Western view of landscape architecture can enrich and expand the possibility of"Chinese landscape architecture research".

文明的求索:晚清民国思想史中的现代化理论

现代化是晚清民国思想史的主旋律。鸦片战争以降,古老的中华农业文明遭遇发轫于西欧的现代工业文明的挑战,中国在文明冲突中通过文化传播而采纳融合现代文明。面对现代文明转型的“三千年未有之大变局”,一代代民族精英对中国的现代化进行了艰苦不懈的改革实践和思想探索。“洋务”、“富强”、“维新”、“新民”、“革命”、“文明”、“新文化”、“西化”和“现代化”这些新观念的递嬗,呈现了晚清民国思想史上早期中国现代化理论形态的曲折演进。从晚清“中体西用”的“洋务”思潮,到20世纪30年代思想界对“文明”与“文化”、“现代化”与“西方化”的分辨,表征着中国早期现代化理论形态的趋于成熟。

心理学与人类学的再联结——布鲁纳文化心理学中的人类学经验

在促成心理学与人类学的再联结以及推动文化心理学的发展中,美国心理学会前主席杰罗姆·布鲁纳发挥了不可替代的作用。通过“初识人类学”“与人类学的密切接触”和“布鲁纳的人类学实践”三个方面,展现了布鲁纳及其文化心理学与人类学之间的密切关联。同时,对布鲁纳文化心理学进行了类型学分析,追溯了其“文化观”的人类学谱系,指出人类学中符号主义学派和文化相对主义学派对布鲁纳文化心理学的形成产生了巨大影响。通过展现布鲁纳的学术经历及其文化心理学中被忽视的“人类学经验”,既有助于全面了解文化心理学的学术发展史,同时也能更好地反思创建心理学这门学科的“初心”。

13—18世纪西欧兵击运动演变历程研究

文章以13—18世纪西欧兵击运动演变历程为研究主线,运用历史分析和文献研究等方法,探究该时期西欧兵击运动演变的历史进程。研究发现,西欧兵击运动经历了军事化、市民化、体育化的3种形态,军事化形态的兵击运动与战争关系紧密,后因火器的出现和文艺复兴、宗教改革的共同推进,兵击由战场下移民间。在工业革命、资产阶级新教育体系的牵引下演变为强调规则、公平竞赛的体育竞技项目。兵击运动不同阶段秉持的理念是推动其完成历史转型的内源动力。在这演变历程中,兵击运动表现出的对人的逐渐尊重为西方体育人文主义价值观奠定了思想基础,广泛吸纳自然科学的成果为现代体育精神注入了科技元素,自发运用规则和组织为西方体育现代转型提供给了制度参考,丰富的技术体系为西方格斗对抗类项目多元化发展提供了技术源泉。

我国当代西文编目工作的积极推动者——纪念韩荣宇先生诞辰100周年

总结了韩荣宇先生在解决图书编目历史遗留问题、推行国际著录标准、开展编目规范工作、恢复完善西文主题目录、培养人才等方面为我国当代西文图书编目工作所作的突出贡献。

古典学视野下的西汉敦煌西域史探索与重构

古典学在历史学领域中,与历史文献学趋同。从这个视角而言,敦煌汉简也是古典学研究的重要内容。敦煌汉简具有极强的史料价值,特别是在推动西汉敦煌西域史研究方面发挥着重要作用。通过对敦煌汉简进行研究利用,西汉敦煌西域历史中的诸多细节都可以得到更加充分的解读。

追溯中国心理学自主知识体系的文化根源——杨鑫辉教授专访

中国心理学思想史研究是中国心理学家自觉自发的创举,经过近百年的努力,已经形成了严密的学术体系,产生了丰硕的学术成果。实践证明,历史与文化的视角是构建中国心理学自主知识体系的必然和应然。作为中国心理学思想史研究的创建人与参与者,杨鑫辉教授认为中国传统文化孕育着丰富的心理学思想,对此进行的整理和发掘工作,是构建中国心理学自主知识体系不可或缺的组成部分。以中国心理学思想史为范本进行心理学的中国化研究,需要坚持辩证唯物论的方法,做到理论研究与实证研究的统一、学术研究与实践应用的统一、历史性与现代性的统一、中国化与国际化的统一。

卢梭的立法者难题及其中国解决方案

卢梭认为,立法者承担着塑造政治生活方式和塑造人民的职能,其行动原理是公意。不过,卢梭在其政治理论中引入独立的立法者,却产生了一个难题,那就是如何确保人民和立法者关系的统一。立法者不是人民本身,如何确保立法者制定的法律正是人民自己想要的法律或者确保立法者制定的法律就是人民自己制定的法律,卢梭并没有解决这一难题。中国的立法实践从实质上初步解决了卢梭的立法者难题,既能保证人民成为真正的立法者,又能保证人民制定的法律符合公意。

中西医结合护理对糖尿病肾病患者血糖水平和心理状态的影响

目的探讨中西医结合护理对糖尿病肾病患者血糖水平和心理状态的改善效果。方法将2021年1月至2022年12月滨州医学院附属医院收治的80例糖尿病肾病患者纳入研究,并回顾性分析其一般资料,按护理方法的不同,将患者分为对照组(40例)和观察组(40例)。对照组患者和观察组患者分别接受2周的常规护理和中西医结合护理。对比2组患者的血糖控制情况、心理状态及生活质量。结果护理前,2组间空腹血糖水平、餐后2 h血糖水平、糖化血红蛋白水平,焦虑自评量表(SAS)评分和抑郁自评量表(SDS)评分,以及世界卫生组织生活质量测定简表(WHOQOL-BREF)评分经对比,均无统计学差异(P均>0.05)。经过2周的护理,与对照组相比,观察组的上述血糖指标水平以及SAS评分和SDS评分均更低,同时观察组的WHOQOL-BREF各维度评分均更高(P均<0.05)。结论中西医结合护理可降低糖尿病肾病患者的血糖水平,改善其心理状态和生活质量。