Inhibition of N-methyl-N-nitrosourea-induced gastric tumorigenesis by Liuwei Dihuang Pill in db/db mice

AIM To investigate the inhibitory effect of Liuwei Dihuang Pill(LDP) on gastric tumorigenesis induced by N-methyl-N-nitrosourea(MNU) in diabetic mice.METHODS Four-week-old mice were divided into four groups: A, 12 db/m mice treated with MNU and saline, as the non-diabetic control; B, 12 db/db mice treated with MNU and saline, as the diabetic control; C, 12 db/db mice treated with MNU and metformin, as the positive control; and D, 12 db/db mice treated with MNU and LDP. MNU was administrated for 20 wk to induce gastric carcinogenesis. LDP was administrated for 10 wk for improvement of insulin resistance. Body weight and food intake were measured every week. Blood samples were collected for assays of fasting blood glucose, insulin, insulin-like growth factor(IGF)-1, adiponectin and leptin. Stomach tissues were collected for histopathological analysis, immunohistochemical staining of Ki67, quantitative reverse transcriptionpolymerase chain reaction and western blotting. RESULTS The incidence of MNU-induced gastric dysplasia was significantly elevated in diabetic(db/db) mice relative to the control(db/m) mice. The incidence of gastricdysplasia was significantly reduced by LDP with suppression of cell proliferation, as demonstrated by a decrease in Ki67 staining. Hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia and serum IGF-1 were inhibited by LDP. Expression of IGF-1 and insulin receptor m RNAs was decreased, phosphorylation of IGF-1 receptor and AKT protein was reduced in the stomach tissues by LDP. In addition, adiponectin was increased and leptin was decreased in the serum by LDP. CONCLUSION LDP decreased risk of gastric dysplasia in type 2 diabetic mice by down-regulation of IGF and insulin activity and correction of adipokines disorders.

Effect of dietary with Zhibai dihuang pills and gonadotropinreleasing-hormone-analogue on girls with precocious and rapidly progressive puberty

BACKGROUND At present,the clinical mechanisms underlying precocious puberty remain unclear,making effective intervention for children experiencing this condition and rapidly progressive puberty essential.AIM To explore the effects of Zhibai dihuang pills and gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogue(GnRHa)on growth and ovarian function in girls with precocious puberty.METHODS The clinical data of 84 adolescent girls with precocious puberty and rapidly progressive puberty from February 2017 to August 2023 were retrospectively analyzed.Girls were divided into a control group and an observation group,with 42 cases in each group.The control group received diet intervention combined with GnRHa treatment,while the observation group received diet intervention combined with Zhibai dihuang pills+GnRHa treatment.Outcomes such as clinical efficacy,growth indicators,ovarian function,and adverse reactions were compared between the two groups.RESULTS The observation group showed superior clinical efficacy compared to the control group(P<0.05).Prior to the intervention,no significant differences were found in growth or ovarian function between the groups(P>0.05).Post-intervention,the observation group exhibited significantly lower rates in growth,height,and bone age,along with reduced levels of progesterone,testosterone,estradiol,prolactin,luteinizing hormone,and follicle-stimulating hormone compared to the control group(P<0.05).The incidence of adverse reactions was similar across both groups(P>0.05).CONCLUSION Combining Zhibai dihuang pills with GnRHa and dietary intervention effectively improves growth,enhances ovarian function,and minimizes adverse reactions in adolescent girls with precocious and rapidly progressive puberty.

The Nano Pulverization of Traditional Chinese Medicine Liuwei Dihuang

The crude drug of Liuwei Dihuang was pulverized to nano particles to improve its bioavailability. The appropriate technique parameters were studied. Paeonol, typical marker of Liuwei Dihuang , was extracted with organic solveat in ultrasonic and its content was determined by HPLC. The appropriate techrdques parameters are as follows ： rotating speed control 1200 r/ min , grinding time control 50min and mass percent concentration control 3.8% . The experimental results show that the average particle diameter is 161.9 nm and the great majority of the plant cell wall is broken into pieces after nano pulverization. The extraction efficiency of paeonol is increased by 23.5% .

Active fraction combination from Liuwei Dihuang decoction improves adult hippocampal neurogenesis and neurogenic microenvironment in cranially irradiated mice

OBJECTIVE Cranial radiotherapy is clinically used in the treatment of brain tumors;however,the consequent cognitive and emotional dysfunctions seriously impair the life quality of patients.LW-AFC,an active fraction combination extracted from classical traditional Chinese medicine prescription Liuwei Dihuang decoction,can improve cognitive and emotional dysfunctions in many animal models;however,the protective effect of LW-AFC on cranial irradiation-induced cognitive and emotional dysfunctions has not been reported.Recent studies indicate that impairment of adult hippocampal neurogenesis(AHN)and alterations of the neurogenic microenvironment in the hippocampus constitute critical factors in cognitive and emotional dysfunctions following cranial irradiation.Here,our research further investigated the potential protective effects and mechanisms of LW-AFC on cranial irradiation-induced cognitive and emotional dysfunctions in mice.METHODS LW-AFC(1.6 g·kg^(-1))was intragastrically administered to mice for 14 d before cranial irradiation(7 Gyγ-ray).AHN was examined by quantifying the number of proliferative neural stem cells and immature neurons in the dorsal and ventral hippocampus.The contextual fear conditioning test,open field test,and tail suspension test were used to assess cognitive and emotional functions in mice.To detect the change of the neurogenic microenvironment,colorimetry and multiplex bead analysis were performed to measure the level of oxidative stress,neurotrophic and growth factors,and inflammation in the hippocampus.RESULTS LW-AFC exerted beneficial effects on the contextual fear memory,anxiety behavior,and depression behavior in irradiated mice.Moreover,LW-AFC increased the number of proliferative neural stem cells and immature neurons in the dorsal hippocampus,displaying a regional specificity of neurogenic response.For the neurogenic microenvironment,LW-AFC significantly increased the contents of superoxide dismutase,glutathione peroxidase,glutathione,and catalase and decreased the content of malondialdehyde in the hippocampus of irradiated mice,accompanied by the increase in brain-derived neurotrophic factor,insulin-like growth factor-1,and interleukin-4 content.Together,LW-AFC improved cognitive and emotional dysfunctions,promoted AHN preferentially in the dorsal hippocampus,and ameliorated disturbance in the neurogenic microenvironment in irradiated mice.CONCLUSION LW-AFC ameliorates cranial irradiation-induced cognitive and emotional dysfunctions,and the underlying mechanisms are mediated by promoting AHN in the dorsal hippocampus and improving the neurogenic microenvironment.LW-AFC might be a promising therapeutic agent to treat cognitive and emotional dysfunctions in patients receiving cranial radiotherapy.

The components transitive regularity of three dosage forms of Liuwei Dihuang Fufang

Objective To explore the transitive regularity of holistic constituents from the crude slices of the medicinal raw materials(MCS)to the formula granules(FG),fufang decoction(FD),and finally,the concentrated pills(CP)of Liuwei Dihuang Fufang(六味地黄复方,LWDHF).Methods Samples for MCS,FG,FD,and CP of LWDHF were obtained,and a fingerprint data-base was established using high-performance liquid chromatography(HPLC),by separating the samples in an XB-C18 column and analyzing the transitive regularity of components us-ing the total quantum statistical moment(TQSM),including total quantum zero moment(AUCT),total quantum first moment(MRTT),total quantum second moment(VRTT),and its similarity approach.The AUCT,MRTT,and VRTT were calculated based on the representative HPLC chromatograms of FG,FD,and CP of LWDHF.Results AUCT of FG,FD,and CP of LWDHF was 71804,46553,and 144646μV·s,respectively;MRTT was 14.43,14.54,and 18.85 min,respectively;and VRTT was 106.98,112.84,and 269.12 min2,respectively.Comparing the similarity of FG/FD,FG/CP and FD/CP of LWDHF,the TQSM similarity values were 98.66%,76.62%,and 75.37%,respectively,whereas the tradi-tional similarity evaluation values were 98.68%,85.43%,and 85.60%,respectively.Conclusion The results perform little distinction in the total composition between FG and FD,whereas some distinction existed between FD and CP.Experimental evidence,therefore indicates that FG could be used as the alternative of MCS in clinical applications.

Effects of Liuwei Dihuang decoction and its compatible prescriptions on the function of hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis in senescence-accelerated mouse

OBJECTIVE To investigate age-related functional change of hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal(HPA)axis in senescence accelerated mouse(SAM)and the effects of Liuwei Dihuang decoction(LW)and its San-bu(three tonics)and San-xie(three eliminators)components on the function of HPA axis.METHODS Male SAM-resistance/1(SAMR1)and SAM-prone/8(SAMP8)at the ages of 6and 12 months old were used.SAMP8 were orally administered with LW,three tonics and three eliminators at the doses of 10,6.4and 3.6g·kg-1·d-1,respectively,for consecutive 60 d.Serum level of CORT was assayed with ELISA method.The levels of hypothalamic CRH and pituitary ACTH was determined with radioimmunoassay.RESULTS The levels of hypothalamic CRH,pituitary ACTH and serous CORT were much higher in 6 and 12 months old SAMP8 than those in age-matched SAMR1,which suggested the abnormal function of HPA axis in SAMP8.Oral administration of LW and three tonics significantly decreased the level of hypothalamic CRH of 6 and 12 months old SAMP8,and reduced the levels of pituitary ACTH and serous CORT of 6 month old SAMP8.Three eliminators significantly decreased the level of hypothalamic CRH of 6 months old SAMP8.The results indicated that oral administration of LW,three tonics and three eliminators improved the function of HPA axis of SAMP8.CONCLUSION The results showed the hyperactivity of HPA axis of SAMP8,and LW improved the hyperactivity of 6 month old SAMP8.Three tonics and three eliminators had similar effects as LW,which had better effect after compatibility.

Liuwei Dihuang soft capsules inhibits phenotypic conversion of VSMCs via up-regulating expression of myocardin by promoting interaction between ERα and SRC3

OBJECTIVE To reveal the under mechanism of how Liuwei Dihuang(LWDH)inhibits the phenotypic con⁃version of VSMCs.METHODS 24 ApoE-/-mice were divided into 4 groups:sham group,model group,E2 group,and LWDH group.Six C57BN/L6 mice were used as control group.The primary VSMCs were divided into control group,model group,E2 group,LWDH group,LWDH+MPP group,and LWDH+PHTPP group with or without control siRNA,ERαsiRNA,ERβsiRNA,and myocardin siRNA.Oil red staining was used to evaluate the lipid deposition in the cardiac aorta.Serum chemistry analysis to test serum TG,TC,LDL,and HDL.Immunofluorescence staining was used to testα-SMA,osteopontin and F-actin.Immunohistochemical staining was performed to check out the myocardin in the cardiac aorta.The mRNA levels ofα-SMA,osteopontin,ERα,ERβ,SRC3 and myocardin were detected by real time-PCR,and the protein expression levels of them were detected by Western blotting.Co-immunoprecipitation was proceeded to test the interaction between ERαand SRC3 and SRC3 and myocardin.Flow cytometry was used to check out the cell cycle.Wound healing assay and Transwell were managed to evaluate the migration capacity of VSMCs.RESULTS In vivo administration of LWDH suppressed atherosclerotic symptoms,decreases phenotypic marker of vascular endothelial cell,and increases phenotypic marker of VSMC in ovariectomized ApoE-/-female mice.Moreover,LWDH significantly increased the mRNA and protein expression levels of ERα,ERβ,SRC3 and myocardin in the cardiac aorta of ovariecto⁃mized ApoE-/-female mice.In vitro,LWDH altered cell cycle and reduced the elevated cyclinD protein expression migra⁃tion capacity and in the model VSMCs.In addition,LWDH inhibited phenotypic conversion and promoted the expression of ER,SRC3,and myocardin of the primary VSMC phenotypic conversion model.Inhibition of ERαalmost completely eliminated the impacts of LWDH onα-SMA and osteopontin.Furthermore,LWDH promoted the interaction between ERαand SRC3 and up-regulated the co-activation of SRC3 and myocardin.CONCLUSION LWDH could inhibit the pheno⁃typic conversion of VSMCs in vitro and in vivo by increasing the activity of myocardin through up-regulating the expres⁃sion of ERαand promoting the interaction between ERαand SRC3.Our research reveals the under mechanism of how LWDH inhibits the phenotypic conversion of VSMCs.

Effects of LW-AFC,a new formula derived from Liuwei Dihuang decoction,on intestinal microbiome in senescence-accelerated mouse prone 8 strain,a mouse model of Alzheimer disease

OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects of LW-AFC,a new formula derived fromLiuwei Dihuang decoction,on gut microbiota and the behavior of learning and memory of SAMP8 mice,a mouse model of Alzheimer Disease(AD),and identify the specific intestinal microbiota correlating with cognitive ability.METHODS Morris-water maze test,novel object recognition test and shuttle-box test were conducted to observe the ability of learning and memory.16S rRNA amplicon sequencing(Illumina,San Diego,CA,USA)was employed to investigate gut microbiota.RESULTS The treatment of LW-AFC improved cognitive impairments of SAMP8 mice,including spatial learning and memory ability,active avoidance response,and object recognition memory capability.Our data indicated that there were significantly 8 increased and 12 decreased operational taxonomic units(OTUs)in the gut microbiota of SAMP8 mice compared with senescence accelerated mouse resistant 1(SAMR1) strains,the control of SAMP8 mice.The treatment of LW-AFC altered 22(16 increased and 6 decreased)OTUs in SAMP8 mice and among them,15 OTUs could be reversed by LW-AFC treatment resulting in a microbial composition similar to that of SAMR1 mice.We further showed that there were7(3 negative and 4 positive correlation)OTUs significantly correlated with all the three types of cognitive abilities,at the order level,including Bacteroidales,Clostridiales,Desulfovibrionales,CW040,and two unclassified orders.LW-AFC had influences on bacterial taxa correlated with the abilities of learning and memory in SAMP8 mice and restored them to SAMR1 mice.CONCLUSION The effects of LW-AFC on improving cognitive impairments of SAMP8 mice might be via modulating intestinal microbiome and LW-AFC could be used as a potential anti-AD agent.

Construction of NIM sub-network regulated by Liuwei Dihuang decoction and its characteristics

OBJECTIVE To construct the neuroendocrine immunomodulation(NIM) sub-network regulated by Liuwei Dihuang decoction(LW) and analyze its characteristics.METHODS We took the GSE57273 in GEO database and screened the differentially expressed genes(DEGs)(P<0.01) by the GEO2 R tool as gene expression signature of LW.The global PPI network was constructed in the context of whole PPI network through direct interaction algorithm and forest algorithm respectively.Then the enrichment and the topological characteristics of NIM signaling molecules were evaluated by permutation test.Finally,we abstracted the NIM sub-network by NIMNT,which combined the NIM molecular network and forest algorithm,and analyzed the topological characteristics of it by the Network Analyzer(release 2.7) plugin in Cytoscape v3.5.1.RESULTS We got 2468 DEGs in the gene expression signature of LW.After analyzing the global PPI network of LW got by two kinds of algorithms,we found that the NIM signaling molecules significantly enriched and located in important positions in the global PPI network.The NIM sub-network regulated by LW contained 1099 nodes and 1056 edges.We screened out 22 hub nodes(Degree>10).Among them,there were 19 NIM signaling molecules in which only ESR1 changed significantly and 3 non-DEGs(NFATC2,RARA,TP53).However,the down.stream of the hub nodes were significantly changes.CONCLUSION The results suggested that LW might mainly regulate the non-hub nodes to recovery of the network imbalance of the body in the state of disease.

Liuwei Dihuang Decoction improves cognitive impairments via regulating immune system in APP/PS1 transgenic mouse, a mouse model of Alzheimer disease

OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect and mechanisms of Liuwei Dihuang Decoction(LW) on cognition in PrP-hAβPPswe/PS1ΔE9(APP/PS1) transgenic mice.METHODS LW was adminis.trated with oral for 3 months.The locomotor activity test was performed to investigate the spontaneous motor activity of mice.The Morris water maze test and shuttle box test were performed to investigate the spatial learning and memory and active avoidance response respectively.The Αβ deposits and neuron loss in the hippocampus was detected by immunofluorescence staining and nissl staining respectively.The flow cytometry was employed to investigate the lymphocyte subsets of the mice.The 3 H-thymidine incorporation was performed to investigate the splenocytes proliferation.RESULTS The treatment of LW ameliorated the impairments of spatial learning and memory and active and passive avoidance in APP/PS1 mice.The administration of LW alleviated neuron loss in the brain,suppressed amyloid-β(Αβ) deposits in the hippocampus of APP/PS1 mice.The treatment of LW significantly increased ConAand LPS-induced proliferation of splenocytes,increased CD3+ T cells and CD19+ B cells in the spleen lymphocytes and reduced Gr1+ cells in APP/PS1 mice.CONCLUSION This data indicated the adminis.tration of LW ameliorated behavioral and pathological deterioration via regulating immune function.

Pharmacological mechanism of Liuwei Dihuang Decoction in treating Osteoporosis and Alzheimer’s disease based on Network Pharmacology

Objective:To predict the active components,targets of Liuwei Dihuang Decoction for the treatment of osteoporosis and Alzheimer’s disease with network pharmacology analysis.Methods:The components and targets of all the herbs of Liuwei Dihuang Decoction were obtained from ETCM database,Osteoporosis and Alzheimer’s disease targets were extracted from the GeneCards and DrugBank databases,selected based on STRING database for PPI network construction and build the network through the software of Cytoscape,Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes and Gene Ontology analyses were carried out by R software.Results:181 active compounds and 762 disease-related from Liuwei Dihuang Decoction,there were 144 disease-related common targets obtained from Venn Diagram.IL6,TNF,PPARA,PPARG,SRC and other 11 targets are the node protein of the whole network.In the multisystem biological reaction process such as neurotransmitter,glucose and lipid metabolism,calcium and phosphorus metabolism.Conclusion:Liuwei Dihuang pill may play a co-therapeutic role in Osteoporosis and Alzheimer’s disease by participating in the multi-system biological reaction process such as neurotransmitter,glucose and lipid metabolism,calcium and phosphorus metabolism.

六味地黄丸调节肠道微生物组平衡抑制卵巢早衰小鼠的氧化应激

背景:研究表明,卵巢早衰患者肠道菌群结构发生变化,肠道菌群失调可能是卵巢早衰发生的重要机制之一。目的:探讨六味地黄丸对环磷酰胺诱导卵巢早衰小鼠氧化应激和肠道微生物群的影响。方法:45只雌性ICR小鼠随机分为3组:空白组(正常小鼠)、模型组(卵巢早衰小鼠)、六味地黄丸组,后2组小鼠一次性腹腔注射环磷酰胺(120 mg/kg)制备卵巢早衰小鼠模型,造模成功后六味地黄丸组小鼠连续灌胃六味地黄丸(1.56 g/kg)28 d,其余2组灌胃等量生理盐水28 d,灌胃结束后取材。每周记录小鼠体质量,计算卵巢指数,苏木精-伊红染色观察小鼠卵泡的发育情况,ELISA法检测血清抗苗勒管激素、雌二醇、促卵泡激素、超氧化物歧化酶、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶和丙二醛水平,并通过16S rDNA测序检测所有小鼠的肠道微生物组。结果与结论:(1)模型组小鼠的毛发疏松,活力及抓力下降,体质量几乎无增长,卵巢指数下降;六味地黄丸治疗后小鼠的体质量高于模型组,卵巢指数也随之升高(P<0.05)。(2)模型组小鼠动情周期紊乱;六味地黄丸能恢复卵巢早衰小鼠的发情周期,减少闭锁卵泡数量。(3)模型组小鼠血清中促卵泡激素、丙二醛水平显著升高(P<0.01),血清雌二醇、抗苗勒管激素、超氧化物歧化酶和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶水平显著下降(P<0.01);六味地黄丸组小鼠血清促卵泡激素、丙二醛水平显著降低(P<0.01),雌二醇、抗苗勒管激素、超氧化物歧化酶、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶水平升高。(4)根据16S rDNA测序结果,六味地黄丸可调控肠道微生物群的丰度和多样性,可增加有益菌的相对丰度,KEGG通路分析显示,肠道微生物群与代谢途径、次生代谢产物的生物合成、不同环境中的微生物代谢、氨基酸的生物合成等通路受六味地黄丸的调控。(5)结论:肠道微生物组的改变可能是六味地黄丸治疗卵巢早衰的潜在机制之一。六味地黄丸能调节肠道微生物组结构,增加有益菌数量,减少有害菌数量,从而改善肠道微生态平衡。这种调节作用有助于降低氧化应激水平,进一步抑制卵巢早衰小鼠卵巢氧化应激。

不同滋阴补肾法干预去势大鼠破骨通路的机制

背景:六味地黄丸以“三补三泻”为配伍特点,补泻兼施以滋阴补肾;左归丸以“阳中求阴”为配伍特点,以阳促阴补肾。二者同属于滋阴补肾法,其在证候和细胞分子水平等都发挥较好的疗效。目的:观察六味地黄丸和左归丸在骨代谢中的作用,探讨其在破骨通路骨保护素(osteoprotegerin,OPG)/核因子κB受体活化因子配体(receptoractivatorofnuclearfactor-κBligand,RANKL)的作用机制。方法:将32只SD随机大鼠分为模型组、六味地黄丸组、左归丸组、假手术组,每组8只。除假手术组大鼠外,其余大鼠切除双侧卵巢制备骨质疏松模型。术后30 d开始六味地黄丸组大鼠灌胃六味地黄丸1.125 g/(kg·d);左归丸组大鼠灌胃左归丸2.25 g/(kg·d);假手术组和模型组灌胃生理盐水10 mL/(kg·d)。灌胃12周后,取大鼠胫骨检测骨密度,采用ELISA检测血清中雌激素E2、骨碱性磷酸酶、cAMP/cGMP水平,Westernblot法检测股骨中OPG/RANKL的表达情况。结果与结论:①与假手术组相比,模型组骨密度及雌激素E2、骨碱性磷酸酶水平降低(P<0.05),cAMP/cGMP水平升高(P<0.05)。②与模型组相比,六味地黄丸组和左归丸组骨密度显著提高(P<0.05);骨碱性磷酸酶均显著提高(P<0.05);左归丸组cAMP/cGMP水平明显降低(P<0.05)和上调OPG蛋白表达(P<0.05),六味地黄丸组上调OPG蛋白表达和下调RANKL蛋白表达均有作用(P<0.05);两组均不能显著提高雌激素E2水平(P>0.05)。③结果显示,“阳中求阴”的左归丸能够有效提高OPG表达,不能下调RANKL蛋白,而“三补三泻”的六味地黄丸能双向调节OPG和RANKL蛋白的表达,提示了六味地黄丸对抑制破骨功能方面可能比左归丸显著,此结论仍有待进一步的研究加以验证。

六味地黄丸治疗早发性卵巢功能不全模型小鼠的分子机制

背景:在临床上,大多数治疗早发性卵巢功能不全的方剂均以六味地黄丸为基础方演变而来,并且取得了较好的疗效。目前对六味地黄丸的实验研究大多为体内动物模型的形态学观察及生理生化指标的检测,而分子机制方面的研究报道较少。目的:探讨六味地黄丸治疗早发性卵巢功能不全的分子作用机制。方法:环磷酰胺120 mg/kg联合白消安12 mg/kg腹腔注射制备早发性卵巢功能不全小鼠模型,然后用六味地黄丸混悬液对早发性卵巢功能不全小鼠进行干预,干预12周采用ELISA法检测小鼠血清中促卵泡刺激素、促黄体生成素、雌激素、抗苗勒氏管激素、8-羟脱氧鸟苷、总抗氧化能力、活性氧水平;苏木精-伊红染色观察小鼠卵巢形态学改变;透射电镜观察小鼠卵泡颗粒细胞超微结构及颗粒细胞线粒体的凋亡情况;免疫组化法检测六味地黄丸对小鼠卵巢颗粒细胞中核受体转录辅激活因子(receptor gamma coactivator-1 alpha,PGC-1α)、线粒体转录因子A(mitochondrialtranscriptionfactorA,TFAM)的表达水平。结果与结论:①与模型组比较,实验组小鼠血清促卵泡刺激素、促黄体生成素、活性氧、8-羟脱氧鸟苷水平降低(P<0.05),雌激素、抗苗勒氏管激素、总抗氧化能力水平升高(P<0.05);②苏木精-伊红染色发现模型组小鼠卵巢组织中闭锁卵泡和黄体较多,个别可见次级卵泡,间质纤维化增生;实验组小鼠卵巢组织可见大量闭锁卵泡,黄体较少,边缘可见原始卵泡,次级卵泡较少,未见明显成熟卵泡;③透射电镜发现实验组小鼠卵巢颗粒细胞内细胞器较完整;④免疫组化结果显示,实验组小鼠卵巢组织PGC-1α的表达水平在第4周稍有升高至第8,12周无明显变化,与模型组有明显差异;实验组小鼠卵巢组织TFAM的表达水平在第4周时短暂升高,然后稍有所下降,但结果均与模型组有明显差异;⑤结果表明,六味地黄丸通过PGC-1α-TFAM-ROS信号通路在一定程度上抑制早发性卵巢功能不全小鼠卵巢颗粒细胞凋亡,从而改善卵巢的内分泌功能,提高机体抗氧化能力,减轻氧化应激损伤程度。

六味地黄丸干预FGF23/Klotho轴对慢性肾衰竭钙磷代谢紊乱模型大鼠的影响

目的:观察六味地黄丸通过成纤维细胞生长因子23(FGF23)/Klotho轴对慢性肾衰竭钙磷代谢紊乱模型大鼠的影响及其干预机制。方法:50只SPF级SD大鼠随机分为假手术组(10只)、手术组(40只),手术组采用5/6肾切除及高磷饮食喂养构建慢性肾衰竭钙磷代谢紊乱大鼠模型,模型复制成功后将30只造模成功大鼠随机分为模型组、骨化三醇组、六味地黄丸组,每组10只。六味地黄丸组、骨化三醇组大鼠分别予六味地黄丸和骨化三醇灌胃,假手术组及模型组大鼠予等体积的蒸馏水灌胃,持续给药8周。HE染色观察肾组织变化,检测大鼠血清钙(Ca^(2+))、磷(P^(3+))、碱性磷酸酶(ALP)、甲状旁腺激素(PTH)、肌酐(Scr)、尿素氮(BUN),免疫组化及Western blotting法检测大鼠肾皮质Klotho、FGF23蛋白的表达。结果:HE染色显示,模型组大鼠肾小球结构紊乱、肾小管扩张,间质有大量炎症细胞浸润;与模型组比较,六味地黄丸组大鼠肾小球轻度增生,肾小管轻度扩张,间质炎症细胞浸润数目减少。模型组大鼠血清Scr、BUN、P^(3+)、PTH、ALP高于假手术组(P<0.01),体质量、血清Ca^(2+)低于假手术组(P<0.01);六味地黄丸组大鼠血清Scr、BUN、P^(3+)、PTH、ALP低于模型组,体质量、血清Ca^(2+)高于模型组(P<0.01)。模型组大鼠肾皮质Klotho蛋白相对表达量低于假手术组(P<0.05),FGF23蛋白相对表达量高于假手术组(P<0.01);六味地黄丸组大鼠肾皮质Klotho蛋白相对表达量高于模型组(P<0.01),FGF23蛋白相对表达量低于模型组(P<0.01)。六味地黄丸组大鼠血Scr、BUN及肾皮质FGF23、Klotho蛋白相对表达量与骨化三醇组比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。六味地黄丸组大鼠血P^(3+)、Ca^(2+)高于骨化三醇组(P<0.05)。结论:六味地黄丸可能通过调控FGF23/Klotho轴改善慢性肾衰竭钙磷代谢紊乱模型大鼠的肾功能和钙磷代谢。

针灸联合六味地黄丸序贯治疗肾精亏虚型早发性卵巢功能不全临床观察

目的探究针灸联合六味地黄丸序贯治疗对肾精亏虚型早发性卵巢功能不全(POI)的临床效果。方法将63例POI患者纳入试验,于月经期、经后期口服六味地黄丸,排卵期、经前期行灸法序贯治疗,针刺治疗贯穿后三期,隔日1次,每周治疗3次;连续治疗3个月经周期。观察序贯治疗对患者促卵泡生成激素(FSH)、促黄体生成素(LH)、雌二醇(E2)水平及中医证候积分的影响。结果治疗3个月后,患者E2增高,FSH、LH均降低,中医证候得到有效改善(P<0.05)。结论采用针灸联合六味地黄丸序贯治疗肾精亏虚型POI,能较好地改善性激素水平及临床症状,且具有良好安全性。

六味地黄汤对阿霉素肾病小鼠尿蛋白及肾小球p-p38 MAPK、α-actinin-4、synaptopodin的影响

目的探讨六味地黄汤对阿霉素肾病(adriamycin nephropaghy,ADRN)小鼠尿蛋白的干预作用及可能机制。方法30只SPF级雄性C57BL/6小鼠随机选取5只为空白组,余下小鼠以单次尾静脉注射阿霉素(0.01 g·kg^(-1))复制ADRN模型,2周后将造模成功的小鼠随机分为模型组、贝那普利组及低、中、高剂量六味地黄汤组,每组5只。空白组、模型组予等体积注射用水灌胃,贝那普利组予0.0013 g·kg^(-1)贝那普利灌胃,低、中、高剂量六味地黄汤组分别予9.75、19.5、39 g·kg^(-1)六味地黄汤灌胃,每日1次,连续8周。自动生化仪检测小鼠24 h尿蛋白定量、血清白蛋白、血清肌酐、血清钾;HE染色法、电镜观察小鼠肾脏病理改变及足突形态;免疫组织化学法、Western bolt检测小鼠肾脏磷酸化p38 MAPK(phosphorylated p38 MAPK,p-p38 MAPK)、α-辅肌动蛋白-4(α-actinin-4)、突触孔蛋白(synaptopodin)的表达;RT-PCR检测小鼠肾脏α-actinin-4、synaptopodin mRNA表达。结果与空白组比较,模型组小鼠体质量、24 h尿量、血清白蛋白降低,24 h尿蛋白定量升高(P<0.05);肾小球系膜细胞增生,部分系膜区扩大、肾小管蛋白管型,间质可见炎性细胞浸润,足突广泛融合;α-actinin-4蛋白及mRNA、p-p38 MAPK蛋白表达升高(P<0.05),synaptopodin蛋白及mRNA表达降低(P<0.05)。与模型组比较,各干预组病理改变及足突融合均得到不同程度改善,贝那普利组及中、高剂量六味地黄汤组24 h尿蛋白定量减少,高剂量六味地黄汤组p-p38 MAPK蛋白表达降低(P<0.05),低、中、高剂量六味地黄汤组synaptopodin蛋白及mRNA表达均升高(P<0.05)。贝那普利组及低、中、高剂量六味地黄汤组组间比较,各指标差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论六味地黄汤可能通过抑制p38 MAPK通路活化和上调α-actinin-4、synaptopodin蛋白及mRNA表达,改善肾脏病理及足突融合,减轻足细胞损伤,减少ADRN小鼠尿蛋白。

六味地黄丸联合大黄液治疗慢性牙周炎的效果分析

目的:分析六味地黄丸联合大黄液治疗慢性牙周炎的效果及对牙龈指数(GI)、探针深度(PD)的影响。方法:选取2021年1月-2022年1月广州市胸科医院诊治的慢性牙周炎患者86例作为研究对象,按照随机数字表法分为对照组和联合组,各43例。两组患者均采用常规治疗,对照组在此基础上局部应用大黄液治疗,联合组在对照组基础上给予六味地黄丸治疗。比较两组临床疗效、中医证候积分、牙周健康指标和炎性因子水平。结果:联合组临床疗效总有效率高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P=0.044)。治疗后,两组牙齿松动、肢体沉重、牙龈红肿、胸闷口苦、反复咽痛评分均下降,且联合组低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);治疗后,两组GI和PD均下降,联合组低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);治疗后,两组C反应蛋白、肿瘤坏死因子-α和白细胞介素-1β水平均下降,且联合组低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:六味地黄丸联合大黄液治疗慢性牙周炎的临床效果显著,可有效改善患者中医证候积分和牙周健康指标,降低炎性因子水平。

六味地黄汤调控TGF-β及Smad家族蛋白表达对肾间质纤维化的影响研究

目的探究六味地黄汤抑制肾间质纤维化(renal interstitial fibrosis,RIF)的干预作用及机制。方法将30只SPF级SD大鼠随机均分为假手术组、模型组、阳性药物组、中药高剂量组和中药低剂量组,每组6只。除假手术组外,其余各组采用左侧输尿管结扎术制备RIF模型。造模结束后,假手术组和模型组予以蒸馏水灌胃,阳性药物组予以醋酸泼尼松片0.2 mg/kg灌胃,中药低、高剂量组分别予以六味地黄汤0.5、1 mg/kg灌胃,疗程为21 d。治疗结束后,采用HE染色法评估肾间质损伤,Masson染色法检测肾间质胶原蛋白沉积和纤维化,RT-PCR测定肾间质转化生长因子-β1(transforming growth factor-β1,TGF-β1)、针对半身不遂同源物2的重组母体(recombinant mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 2,Smad2)、Smad3、Smad7的mRNA表达,Western blot测定肾间质TGF-β1、Smad2、Smad3、Smad7的蛋白表达。结果与假手术组相比,模型组的病理呈现系膜增生、间质增宽、胶原蛋白大面积沉积和明显纤维化,且TGF-β1、Smad2、Smad3、Smad7的mRNA和蛋白表达均增加(P<0.05)。与模型组相比,阳性药物组和中药低、高剂量组的病理表现均减轻,且TGF-β1、Smad2、Smad3、Smad7的mRNA和蛋白表达均降低(P<0.05)。与中药低剂量组相比,阳性药物组和中药高剂量组的TGF-β1、Smad2、Smad3、Smad7的mRNA和蛋白表达均降低(P<0.05)。结论六味地黄汤能够减轻RIF大鼠的肾间质纤维化程度,且高剂量效果更佳,其机制可能与调控TGF-β及Smad家族蛋白表达有关。

基于网络药理学和分子对接探讨六味地黄丸异病同治老年性聋和阿尔茨海默病的作用机制

目的借助网络药理学和分子对接的方法探讨六味地黄丸异病同治老年性聋和阿尔茨海默病(AD)的共同分子机制,并采用细胞实验进行验证。方法利用中药系统药理学数据库与分析平台(TCMSP)、成分靶点数据库(SwissADME)获取六味地黄丸有效成分,并结合基因和化学物质相互作用预测数据库(STITCH)获取作用靶点。利用人类基因综合数据库(Genecard)、人类疾病相关基因与突变位点信息数据库(DisGeNET)获取老年性聋和AD靶点。使用Cytoscape 3.7.1软件构建“中药-成分-靶点-疾病”网络,借助蛋白互作网络分析数据库(STRING)构建蛋白-蛋白相互作用(PPI)网络,获取核心靶点。利用富集分析数据平台(Metascape)对共有靶点进行基因本体(GO)和京都基因与基因组百科全书(KEGG)富集分析。采用AutoDock Vina 1.1.2软件对核心靶点与相关成分进行分子对接。采用过氧化氢(H2O2)致PC12细胞氧化损伤模型,观察六味地黄丸的作用。采用细胞计数(CCK-8)法观察细胞存活率,活性氧(ROS)检测试剂盒检测ROS水平,酶联免疫吸附测定(ELISA)法检测肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、白介素-6(IL-6)水平,Western blot法检测基质金属蛋白酶-9(MMP-9)、蛋白激酶B(AKT)、磷酸化-蛋白激酶B(p-AKT)蛋白表达。结果共获得六味地黄丸有效成分86种,主要来自薯蓣皂素、视黄醇、丹皮酚、软脂酸等化合物,六味地黄丸防治老年性聋和AD共有靶点49个,核心靶点为AKT1、TNF、IL-6、MMP-9等。GO分析表明这些共有靶点主要参与对氧化应激的反应、对脂多糖的反应等生物进程。KEGG通路分析显示,共有靶点主要涉及缺氧诱导因子-1(HIF-1)、核因子-κB(NF-κB)等信号通路。分子对接结果显示,TNF-α、IL-6、AKT1、MMP-9与相关成分均存在结合可能。细胞实验结果发现,六味地黄丸含药血清可以增强细胞存活率,降低细胞ROS、TNF-α、IL-6水平,增加MMP-9蛋白表达水平,降低p-AKT蛋白表达水平。结论六味地黄丸异病同治老年性聋和AD具有物质基础,其共同的分子机制,可能是通过薯蓣皂素、视黄醇、丹皮酚等多种成分,作用于AKT、TNF-α、IL-6、MMP-9等核心靶点,抑制炎症反应和氧化应激,减少神经元死亡。