Cinchona officinalis （Rubiaceae） is an endemic species of the Loja Valley in southern Ecuador with medicinal uses. Because of over-exploitation in the nine- teenth century and more recent disturbances to its ecosyst...Cinchona officinalis （Rubiaceae） is an endemic species of the Loja Valley in southern Ecuador with medicinal uses. Because of over-exploitation in the nine- teenth century and more recent disturbances to its ecosystem, C. officinalis populations are threatened. Currently, natural regeneration of the populations is low, despite its high plant regeneration and seed formation capacity. In the present study, an efficient protocol for germination, shoot proliferation and plantlets regeneration was developed for this species. Phenolic content and germination rate of C. officinalis seeds were compared with a control species, C. pubescens. Nodal segments from seedlings of C. officinalis were cultured on Gamborg medium supplemented with different combinations of plant growth regulators. Because the phenol content is high in C. officinalis, the phenolic should be removed with hydrogen peroxide or water washes to stimulate germination. Shoots and callus developed from nodal segments within 45 days using most of the tested combinations of plant growth regulators. The best rates of shoot proliferation, callus formation and adventitious buds were obtained in medium supplemented with 5.0 mg L^-1 6-benzyl-aminopurine and 3.0 mg L^-1 indole- 3-butyfic acid.展开更多
Antherostele Bremek. is an understudied genus of Rubiaceae endemic to the Philippines formerly comprising four species of shrubs or small trees distributed in Luzon and Visayas. In this first molecular study of the ge...Antherostele Bremek. is an understudied genus of Rubiaceae endemic to the Philippines formerly comprising four species of shrubs or small trees distributed in Luzon and Visayas. In this first molecular study of the genus, the ITS (nrDNA) was utilized to determine the monophyly of Antherostele, reconstruct its phylogeny, and resolve its placement in Rubiaceae. Furthermore, an update on the assessment of its conservation status of the included species in the genus was done. Antherostele is monophyletic and is nested within the tribe Urophylleae of subfamily Rubioideae which confirms its segregation from Urophyllum and its placement within Urophylleae as proposed by earlier authors based on morphology. However, the relationships of Urophylleae members remain unresolved. Antherostele is united by reflexed corolla, hairs on upper side of the corolla lobes and syngenesious stamens. The montane A. luzoniensis with small leaves is found to be sister to the rest of Antherostele species. Antherostele is hypothesized to originate from montane regions and diversified by forming larger leaves following dispersal to the shaded forest understory. From the five species of Antherostele currently recognized in the study, two are endangered (A. banahaensis, A. grandistipula) and three are critically endangered including a new species (A. callophylla, A. luzoniensis, A. sp. nov.) following the criteria of IUCN.展开更多
This study is a review of the Condamineeae tribe, through the acquisition of data from phytochemical studies and evaluation of genera activities that constitute the tribe, in order to contribute to chemotaxonomic clas...This study is a review of the Condamineeae tribe, through the acquisition of data from phytochemical studies and evaluation of genera activities that constitute the tribe, in order to contribute to chemotaxonomic classification of this tribe in the Rubiaceae family. This review also states the scarcity of phytochemical investigations of several genera and consequently a lot of species of family.展开更多
Coffee is highly appreciated as stimulant. Brazil is the first producer and second consumer in the world. Flower evocation triggered by environmental signals is essential for adaptability and productivity, and despite...Coffee is highly appreciated as stimulant. Brazil is the first producer and second consumer in the world. Flower evocation triggered by environmental signals is essential for adaptability and productivity, and despite that it is neglected and barely considered as a part of the reproductive cycle. Aiming to review molecular mechanisms producing phenological responses observed in the fields, orthologs to A. thaliana CO, FLC/FLM, FLT, SOC and VRN genes were identified in silico for C. arabica and its ancestors C. canephora and C. eugenioides. Protein structures and conserved domains, regulatory elements in promoters, and the related literature in both genera were accessed and compared. Hypotheses regarding Coffea spp. orthologs responsiveness to light and temperature signals at the tropics are proposed. Preliminary analysis of phenological data taken from early, intermediary and late C. arabica plants are included to illustrate the diversity regarding flower bud emission, which quite certainly is defined during flower evocation.展开更多
AIM: To investigate the chemical constituents of Nauclea officinalis, an anti-inflammatory and antibacterial traditional Chinese medicine. METHOD: The compounds were isolated and purified by silica gel and Sephadex LH...AIM: To investigate the chemical constituents of Nauclea officinalis, an anti-inflammatory and antibacterial traditional Chinese medicine. METHOD: The compounds were isolated and purified by silica gel and Sephadex LH20 column chromatography repeatedly, and their structures were identified by spectral analysis. RESULT: Eight compounds were isolated from the bark and wood of Nauclea officinalis, and their structures were identified as β-sitosterol(1), sitosterone (2), 3-O-acetylerythrodiol (3), vanillin (4), oleanlic acid(5), veratric acid(6), 3,4-dimethoxycinnamic acid(7), glycosmisic acid(8). CONCLUSION: Compounds 2～8 were isolated from this plant for the first time.展开更多
Chemical constituents of the stems of Canthium simile were studied.Seven compounds were isolated from ethyl acetate extract of the stem,and their structures were elucidated by various spectroscopic methods.They were i...Chemical constituents of the stems of Canthium simile were studied.Seven compounds were isolated from ethyl acetate extract of the stem,and their structures were elucidated by various spectroscopic methods.They were identified as syringic acid(Ⅰ),isovanillic acid(Ⅱ),Caruilignan D(Ⅲ),(3β)-28-Norlup-20(29)-ene-3,17-diol(Ⅳ),3,4-dimethoxy-2,4-hexadienedioic acid(Ⅴ),dibutyl phthalate(Ⅵ) and diisobutyl phthalate(Ⅶ).The seven compounds were isolated from this genus for the first time.展开更多
从胆木(Nauclea officinalis Pierre ex Pitard)树干中,分得两个新生物碱甙,分别命名为胆木碱庚(nauclecoside)和胆木碱辛(nauclecosidine)。根据它们的理化性质,光谱数据和化学反应,推断胆木碱庚的结构为Ⅰa,胆木碱辛为Ⅱa。并且还得...从胆木(Nauclea officinalis Pierre ex Pitard)树干中,分得两个新生物碱甙,分别命名为胆木碱庚(nauclecoside)和胆木碱辛(nauclecosidine)。根据它们的理化性质,光谱数据和化学反应,推断胆木碱庚的结构为Ⅰa,胆木碱辛为Ⅱa。并且还得到一已知碱胆木碱壬,鉴定为喜果甙(vincoside laetam,Ⅲ)。展开更多
基金the project‘‘PROY_IECOLOGIA_0036’’financed by the third internal call for projects of the Universidad Tcnica Particular de Loja(UTPL)
文摘Cinchona officinalis （Rubiaceae） is an endemic species of the Loja Valley in southern Ecuador with medicinal uses. Because of over-exploitation in the nine- teenth century and more recent disturbances to its ecosystem, C. officinalis populations are threatened. Currently, natural regeneration of the populations is low, despite its high plant regeneration and seed formation capacity. In the present study, an efficient protocol for germination, shoot proliferation and plantlets regeneration was developed for this species. Phenolic content and germination rate of C. officinalis seeds were compared with a control species, C. pubescens. Nodal segments from seedlings of C. officinalis were cultured on Gamborg medium supplemented with different combinations of plant growth regulators. Because the phenol content is high in C. officinalis, the phenolic should be removed with hydrogen peroxide or water washes to stimulate germination. Shoots and callus developed from nodal segments within 45 days using most of the tested combinations of plant growth regulators. The best rates of shoot proliferation, callus formation and adventitious buds were obtained in medium supplemented with 5.0 mg L^-1 6-benzyl-aminopurine and 3.0 mg L^-1 indole- 3-butyfic acid.
文摘Antherostele Bremek. is an understudied genus of Rubiaceae endemic to the Philippines formerly comprising four species of shrubs or small trees distributed in Luzon and Visayas. In this first molecular study of the genus, the ITS (nrDNA) was utilized to determine the monophyly of Antherostele, reconstruct its phylogeny, and resolve its placement in Rubiaceae. Furthermore, an update on the assessment of its conservation status of the included species in the genus was done. Antherostele is monophyletic and is nested within the tribe Urophylleae of subfamily Rubioideae which confirms its segregation from Urophyllum and its placement within Urophylleae as proposed by earlier authors based on morphology. However, the relationships of Urophylleae members remain unresolved. Antherostele is united by reflexed corolla, hairs on upper side of the corolla lobes and syngenesious stamens. The montane A. luzoniensis with small leaves is found to be sister to the rest of Antherostele species. Antherostele is hypothesized to originate from montane regions and diversified by forming larger leaves following dispersal to the shaded forest understory. From the five species of Antherostele currently recognized in the study, two are endangered (A. banahaensis, A. grandistipula) and three are critically endangered including a new species (A. callophylla, A. luzoniensis, A. sp. nov.) following the criteria of IUCN.
文摘This study is a review of the Condamineeae tribe, through the acquisition of data from phytochemical studies and evaluation of genera activities that constitute the tribe, in order to contribute to chemotaxonomic classification of this tribe in the Rubiaceae family. This review also states the scarcity of phytochemical investigations of several genera and consequently a lot of species of family.
文摘Coffee is highly appreciated as stimulant. Brazil is the first producer and second consumer in the world. Flower evocation triggered by environmental signals is essential for adaptability and productivity, and despite that it is neglected and barely considered as a part of the reproductive cycle. Aiming to review molecular mechanisms producing phenological responses observed in the fields, orthologs to A. thaliana CO, FLC/FLM, FLT, SOC and VRN genes were identified in silico for C. arabica and its ancestors C. canephora and C. eugenioides. Protein structures and conserved domains, regulatory elements in promoters, and the related literature in both genera were accessed and compared. Hypotheses regarding Coffea spp. orthologs responsiveness to light and temperature signals at the tropics are proposed. Preliminary analysis of phenological data taken from early, intermediary and late C. arabica plants are included to illustrate the diversity regarding flower bud emission, which quite certainly is defined during flower evocation.
文摘AIM: To investigate the chemical constituents of Nauclea officinalis, an anti-inflammatory and antibacterial traditional Chinese medicine. METHOD: The compounds were isolated and purified by silica gel and Sephadex LH20 column chromatography repeatedly, and their structures were identified by spectral analysis. RESULT: Eight compounds were isolated from the bark and wood of Nauclea officinalis, and their structures were identified as β-sitosterol(1), sitosterone (2), 3-O-acetylerythrodiol (3), vanillin (4), oleanlic acid(5), veratric acid(6), 3,4-dimethoxycinnamic acid(7), glycosmisic acid(8). CONCLUSION: Compounds 2～8 were isolated from this plant for the first time.
文摘Chemical constituents of the stems of Canthium simile were studied.Seven compounds were isolated from ethyl acetate extract of the stem,and their structures were elucidated by various spectroscopic methods.They were identified as syringic acid(Ⅰ),isovanillic acid(Ⅱ),Caruilignan D(Ⅲ),(3β)-28-Norlup-20(29)-ene-3,17-diol(Ⅳ),3,4-dimethoxy-2,4-hexadienedioic acid(Ⅴ),dibutyl phthalate(Ⅵ) and diisobutyl phthalate(Ⅶ).The seven compounds were isolated from this genus for the first time.
文摘从胆木(Nauclea officinalis Pierre ex Pitard)树干中,分得两个新生物碱甙,分别命名为胆木碱庚(nauclecoside)和胆木碱辛(nauclecosidine)。根据它们的理化性质,光谱数据和化学反应,推断胆木碱庚的结构为Ⅰa,胆木碱辛为Ⅱa。并且还得到一已知碱胆木碱壬,鉴定为喜果甙(vincoside laetam,Ⅲ)。
