Fruit curving lowers the commercial value of cucumber and leads to significant economic losses.The mechanism driving the abnormal curving of cucumber is largely unknown.Through our previous work,we discovered that 2 d...Fruit curving lowers the commercial value of cucumber and leads to significant economic losses.The mechanism driving the abnormal curving of cucumber is largely unknown.Through our previous work,we discovered that 2 days post-anthesis(DPA)was the key time point at which various phenotypic and genotypic characteristics of cucumber fruits are determined.Here,we analyzed the transcriptome of the concave(C1)and convex(C2)sides of curved fruits at 2 DPA by Gene Ontology(GO)enrichment and functional pathway enrichment analyses and identified auxin as a putative factor influencing fruit curvature.Changes in the curve angle in the fruits and exogenous auxin treatment analyses showed that asymmetric auxin distribution induces fruit curving.Identification of differentially expressed genes(DEGs)related to auxin and qPCR validation showed that CsYUC10b had the most significant differential expression when both sides of the curved fruits were compared.Gene functional analysis showed that the transcript levels of CsYUC10b and the auxin concentration were even on both sides of the fruit in CsYUC10b-overexpressing plants,which in turn contributed to an equal rate of growth of both sides of cucumber fruits and resulted in a straight shape of the fruits.Thus,we conclude that CsYUC10b promotes the formation of straight cucumber fruits,with possible applications in the production and breeding of cucumber.展开更多
The paper aims to give a comprehensive investigation of the two dimensional deformation of a single bubble in a straight duct and a 90° bend under the zero gravity condition. For this, the two phase flow lattice ...The paper aims to give a comprehensive investigation of the two dimensional deformation of a single bubble in a straight duct and a 90° bend under the zero gravity condition. For this, the two phase flow lattice Boltzmann equation (LBE) model is used. An averaging scheme of boundary condition implementation has been applied and validated. A generalized deformation benchmark has been introduced. By presenting and analyzing the shape of the bubbles moving through the channels, the effects of the all important nondimensional numbers on the bubble deformation are examined thoroughly. It is seen that by increasing the Weber number the rate of the deformation enhances. Besides, because of the velocity dissimilarity between the particles constructing the bubble, the initial coordinates and the diameter of the bubble play a great role in the future behavior of the bubble. The density ratio has a little effect on the shape of the bubble within the assumed range of the density ratio. Moreover, as the Reynolds number or the viscosity ratio is decreased, higher rate of deformation is exhibited. Finally it is found that there is an inverse proportionality between the amplitude and frequency of the bubble deformation.展开更多
This paper proposes an explicit method for topology optimization of stiffened plate structures.The present work is devoted to simultaneously optimizing stiffeners’shape,size and layout by seeking the optimal geometry...This paper proposes an explicit method for topology optimization of stiffened plate structures.The present work is devoted to simultaneously optimizing stiffeners’shape,size and layout by seeking the optimal geometry parameters of a series of moving morphable components(MMC).The stiffeners with straight skeletons and the stiffeners with curved skeletons are considered to enhance the modeling and optimization capability of the current approach.All the stiffeners are represented under the Lagrangian-description framework in a fully explicit way,and the adaptive ground structure method,as well as dynamically updated plate/shell elements,is used to obtain optimized designs with more accurate analysis results.Compared with existing works,the proposed approach provides an explicit description of the structure.Thus,a stiffened plate structure with clear stiffener distribution and smooth geometric boundary can be obtained.Several numerical examples provided,including straight and curved stiffeners,hierarchical stiffeners,and a stiffened plate with a cutout,validate the effectiveness and applicability of the proposed approach.展开更多
基金funded by the National Key Research and Development Program for Breeding Seven Key Crops(2016YFD0101700)the Academic Backbone Project of Northeast Agricultural University(18XG06)+1 种基金the Heilongjiang Postdoctoral Scientific Research Developmental Fund(LBHQ16021)the Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province,China(LH2019C033).
文摘Fruit curving lowers the commercial value of cucumber and leads to significant economic losses.The mechanism driving the abnormal curving of cucumber is largely unknown.Through our previous work,we discovered that 2 days post-anthesis(DPA)was the key time point at which various phenotypic and genotypic characteristics of cucumber fruits are determined.Here,we analyzed the transcriptome of the concave(C1)and convex(C2)sides of curved fruits at 2 DPA by Gene Ontology(GO)enrichment and functional pathway enrichment analyses and identified auxin as a putative factor influencing fruit curvature.Changes in the curve angle in the fruits and exogenous auxin treatment analyses showed that asymmetric auxin distribution induces fruit curving.Identification of differentially expressed genes(DEGs)related to auxin and qPCR validation showed that CsYUC10b had the most significant differential expression when both sides of the curved fruits were compared.Gene functional analysis showed that the transcript levels of CsYUC10b and the auxin concentration were even on both sides of the fruit in CsYUC10b-overexpressing plants,which in turn contributed to an equal rate of growth of both sides of cucumber fruits and resulted in a straight shape of the fruits.Thus,we conclude that CsYUC10b promotes the formation of straight cucumber fruits,with possible applications in the production and breeding of cucumber.
文摘The paper aims to give a comprehensive investigation of the two dimensional deformation of a single bubble in a straight duct and a 90° bend under the zero gravity condition. For this, the two phase flow lattice Boltzmann equation (LBE) model is used. An averaging scheme of boundary condition implementation has been applied and validated. A generalized deformation benchmark has been introduced. By presenting and analyzing the shape of the bubbles moving through the channels, the effects of the all important nondimensional numbers on the bubble deformation are examined thoroughly. It is seen that by increasing the Weber number the rate of the deformation enhances. Besides, because of the velocity dissimilarity between the particles constructing the bubble, the initial coordinates and the diameter of the bubble play a great role in the future behavior of the bubble. The density ratio has a little effect on the shape of the bubble within the assumed range of the density ratio. Moreover, as the Reynolds number or the viscosity ratio is decreased, higher rate of deformation is exhibited. Finally it is found that there is an inverse proportionality between the amplitude and frequency of the bubble deformation.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Plan (2020YFB1709401)the National Natural Science Foundation (11821202,11732004,12002077,12002073)+1 种基金the Fundamental Research Funds for Central Universities (DUT21RC (3)076,DUT20RC (3)020)Doctoral Scientific Research Foundation of Liaoning Province (2021-BS-063)and 111 Project (B14013).
文摘This paper proposes an explicit method for topology optimization of stiffened plate structures.The present work is devoted to simultaneously optimizing stiffeners’shape,size and layout by seeking the optimal geometry parameters of a series of moving morphable components(MMC).The stiffeners with straight skeletons and the stiffeners with curved skeletons are considered to enhance the modeling and optimization capability of the current approach.All the stiffeners are represented under the Lagrangian-description framework in a fully explicit way,and the adaptive ground structure method,as well as dynamically updated plate/shell elements,is used to obtain optimized designs with more accurate analysis results.Compared with existing works,the proposed approach provides an explicit description of the structure.Thus,a stiffened plate structure with clear stiffener distribution and smooth geometric boundary can be obtained.Several numerical examples provided,including straight and curved stiffeners,hierarchical stiffeners,and a stiffened plate with a cutout,validate the effectiveness and applicability of the proposed approach.
