Toward Trustworthy Decision-Making for Autonomous Vehicles:A Robust Reinforcement Learning Approach with Safety Guarantees

While autonomous vehicles are vital components of intelligent transportation systems,ensuring the trustworthiness of decision-making remains a substantial challenge in realizing autonomous driving.Therefore,we present a novel robust reinforcement learning approach with safety guarantees to attain trustworthy decision-making for autonomous vehicles.The proposed technique ensures decision trustworthiness in terms of policy robustness and collision safety.Specifically,an adversary model is learned online to simulate the worst-case uncertainty by approximating the optimal adversarial perturbations on the observed states and environmental dynamics.In addition,an adversarial robust actor-critic algorithm is developed to enable the agent to learn robust policies against perturbations in observations and dynamics.Moreover,we devise a safety mask to guarantee the collision safety of the autonomous driving agent during both the training and testing processes using an interpretable knowledge model known as the Responsibility-Sensitive Safety Model.Finally,the proposed approach is evaluated through both simulations and experiments.These results indicate that the autonomous driving agent can make trustworthy decisions and drastically reduce the number of collisions through robust safety policies.

The impact of the Rural Minimum Living Standard Guarantee(Rural Dibao)Program on child nutrition outcomes

The Rural Minimum Living Standard Guarantee(Rural Dibao)is an important unconditional cash transfer program to alleviate poverty in rural China.Despite the importance of children’s nutrition in breaking poverty cycles,little is known about the impact of Rural Dibao on child nutrition outcomes.Using China Family Panel Studies(CFPS),this paper examines the effects of Rural Dibao on child nutrition outcomes and investigates potential pathways and heterogeneous effects.We exploit propensity score matching and difference-in-differences techniques to evaluate the effects of the Rural Dibao program on child nutrition outcomes.Our results suggest that Rural Dibao significantly impacts the nutrition outcomes of children up to 15 years of age.Specifically,our results suggest that Rural Dibao improves child height-to-age z-scores by 1.05 standard deviations and lowers the probability of stunting by 11.9 percentage points.Additional analyses suggest that increased protein intake is the main pathway through which Rural Dibao participation contributes to better nutrition outcomes.We also find that the effect of the program is more pronounced among girls,children who are non-left-behind or live with highly educated mothers,and those from low-income families and poor areas.Our findings suggest that Rural Dibao participation helps improve child nutrition outcomes through improving diet quality.

Joint computation offloading and parallel scheduling to maximize delay-guarantee in cooperative MEC systems

The growing development of the Internet of Things(IoT)is accelerating the emergence and growth of new IoT services and applications,which will result in massive amounts of data being generated,transmitted and pro-cessed in wireless communication networks.Mobile Edge Computing(MEC)is a desired paradigm to timely process the data from IoT for value maximization.In MEC,a number of computing-capable devices are deployed at the network edge near data sources to support edge computing,such that the long network transmission delay in cloud computing paradigm could be avoided.Since an edge device might not always have sufficient resources to process the massive amount of data,computation offloading is significantly important considering the coop-eration among edge devices.However,the dynamic traffic characteristics and heterogeneous computing capa-bilities of edge devices challenge the offloading.In addition,different scheduling schemes might provide different computation delays to the offloaded tasks.Thus,offloading in mobile nodes and scheduling in the MEC server are coupled to determine service delay.This paper seeks to guarantee low delay for computation intensive applica-tions by jointly optimizing the offloading and scheduling in such an MEC system.We propose a Delay-Greedy Computation Offloading(DGCO)algorithm to make offloading decisions for new tasks in distributed computing-enabled mobile devices.A Reinforcement Learning-based Parallel Scheduling(RLPS)algorithm is further designed to schedule offloaded tasks in the multi-core MEC server.With an offloading delay broadcast mechanism,the DGCO and RLPS cooperate to achieve the goal of delay-guarantee-ratio maximization.Finally,the simulation results show that our proposal can bound the end-to-end delay of various tasks.Even under slightly heavy task load,the delay-guarantee-ratio given by DGCO-RLPS can still approximate 95%,while that given by benchmarked algorithms is reduced to intolerable value.The simulation results are demonstrated the effective-ness of DGCO-RLPS for delay guarantee in MEC.

Guarantee Strategy for the Safety of Agricultural Industry in Hunan Province

The safety of agricultural industry in Hunan Province shows an upward trend from"basically safe"to"very safe",but the state in the"safe"or"very safe"range is still unstable.In view of this,Hunan Province should guarantee the agricultural production ability,cultivate and enhance the core competitiveness of agriculture,firmly grasp the agricultural control power,attach importance to the export quality of agri-cultural products and other aspects to ensure the safety of agricultural industry.

AN ADAPTIVE AQM TO PROVIDE DELAY GUARANTEES FOR DIFFERENTIATED SERVICES

RIO(RED with IN and OUT) is the primary queue management mechanism proposed for assured forwarding in the DiffServ (Differentiated Service) framework. Although RIO can generally provide bandwidth guarantees, its queuing delay is sensitive to the traffic load. This paper presents a qualitative explanation for its origin. As a solution, an Adaptive RIO for Delay (ARIO-D) is proposed to provide guaranteed delay for multimedia traffic. Simulation results show that by trading loss for delay, ARIO-D can effectively improve the robustness of RIO under different and dynamic traffic, and provide stable and differentiated performance of queuing delay without any degradation in performance of throughput.

Modeling Policyholder Behavior through Insurance Resonant Marts for Pricing Options and Guarantees

Background: The 11th Annual Conference of Asia-Pacific Risk and Insurance Association was held on July 22-25, 2007 in Taipei, Taiwan. The first author participated in this annual conference where he met the second author who was invited to deliver two plenary speeches on Corporate Governance and Financial Institution Regulation [1] and Alternative Investments for Financial Institutions [2]. The first author was then working as consultant with i-flex solutions, a subsidiary of Oracle and the second author was Vice President of Strategic Business Initiatives Units at ING Life Insurance in its Taiwan operation. The two authors decided to start collaborating on a research paper titled “Modeling Policyholder Behavior through Insurance Resonant Marts for Pricing Options and Guarantees.” The first version of the paper was submitted for research purposes to ING Insurance Risk Management Global Conference 2007 [3] which was held in Beijing, China. Although it was neither presented nor published, the working draft was constantly updated and revised. In 2015, after eight years of continuous research collaboration, the two authors decided to submit the final version of the paper to the 5th World Congress on Engineering and Technology for scholarly presentation. Aim: The competition in the insurance industry is extremely fierce. Insurance companies are under tremendous pressure to retain and increase their customer base, to offer services at attractive rates and provide returns competitive with mutual funds, equities and banks, to achieve profitability across various lines of insurance, to comply with statutory norms etc. Despite having the best of breeds, such as accountants, actuaries [4], lawyers, underwriters, IT experts, consultants, etc., many insurance companies face severe problems to cope with and survive under such pressures. Insurance companies are now striving towards creating innovative products that can match the expectation of the customers with respect to investment returns and risk coverage at competitive rates, which is a very challenging task. Also it is very important to measure the expectations of the customers keeping in mind that those customers are already owners of other financial products. Pricing always follows the expectations and without proper data support, Model risk is imminent. Even if a product is correctly priced, without understanding the behavior of the policyholder towards various financial products will lead to heavy lapses [4]. The authors describe a new framework called UIRDM Approach (Unified Insurance Resonant Data Mart) for the insurance companies wherein this approach stresses the need to think beyond the insurance boundaries.

Improving China's Legal System for Product Quality Guarantees ——A legal analysi s of product quality guarantee regulation by the Government

It is the responsibility of governments to supervise and regulateproduct quality to protect consumers and prevent failures in the product qualityguarantee system.Appropriate supervision will help safeguard the interests ofconsumers,promote product quality,and resolve disputes.The extent of supervisionshould be guided by the principle of need for state intervention andneeds to be highly diversified.

Local Government Implicit Guarantees in China＇ s Farmland Financial System

With the massive and intensive development of the operation mode of rural land in China,the financing problem of the new rural land managers has gradually attracted more attention.The reasonable design of farmland financial system is of great importance to promote rural financial resource allocation optimization.This paper chooses two types of measures of local government implicit guarantees which are commonly used in promoting rural land mortgage loan.The measures are establishing guarantee mechanism to provide guaranties to borrowers and purchasing debt assets from financial institutions.The analysis framework is based on the financing ability theory of Holmstrom &Tirole.Research shows that when considering the collateral disposal cost,the two measures both could contribute to expand the coverage of farmland financial service.Meanwhile,local government implicit guarantees also exists some negative effects.The suggestions of the paper are reducing the collateral disposal costs of farmland loan /encouraging the market-oriented guarantee institutions to enter the rural credit market further standardizing the operation of policy guarantee mechanism and making the use range of risk fund and disposal fund clear.

Study on Urban Resilience Based on the Analysis of Supply Guarantee Facilities during Epidemic Closure—A Case Study of Shanghai in 2022

In the case of major public emergencies, the ability of cities to resist shocks becomes very important and reflects urban resilience. This paper selected the supply guarantee facilities during the city-wide lockdown of Shanghai during March-May 2022 due to COVID-19 pandemic as the research object. In this research, the per capita supply guarantee capacity and supply guarantee overlay intensity were analyzed based on the official list of facilities, and the actual role of the supply guarantee facilities was investigated through a public research questionnaire. The thermodynamic diagram map that was generated based on phone visits reflected the actual distribution of the population. Then the level of “supply guarantee resilience” was evaluated and graded for each district of Shanghai. It was concluded that the overall level of supply guarantee resilience was high in the central city, divergence in the near suburban districts, and generally low in the remote suburban districts. Based on this, the paper summarized the problems of supply guarantee revealed in Shanghai during the epidemic lockdown as well as proposed strategies to improve the resilience of similar scenarios in the future. With the help of big data and public research tools, this paper aimed to provide ways and methods to evaluate the resilience of cities under major public emergencies.

China's Employment Promotion Law Guarantees Right to Employment

China＇s legislature is soliciting comments and suggestions to the draft of Employment Promotion Law as an endeavor to democratize its process of legislation. Up to April 25 the National People＇s Congress had received over 11,000 items of comments and suggestions.

树立大农业观、大食物观构建整体性的国家重要农产品供给保障战略

构建一套整体性的农产品供给保障战略,是居民食物消费结构从“生存型”“温饱型”向“发展型”“享受型”转变的需要,是避免不同品类农产品保障任务相互冲突、顾此失彼的需要,是利用农产品品类间功能替代关系扩大政策选择空间的需要,是设置合理精准任务目标引导保供政策实施的需要。构建国家重要农产品供给保障战略应树立大农业观、大食物观,聚焦国家食物营养安全,根据不同农产品品类的功能作用差异,建立分层次的重要农产品供给保障体系,聚焦重点品类,强化要素支撑,完善市场机制,优化进口布局,保障重要农产品充足、持续、稳价、高效供给。

我国重要农产品供需变化趋势与供给保障能力提升策略

基于对我国重要农产品生产、消费和进口历史变化情况的分析,以及对2035年前变化趋势的预测,认为我国重要农产品供给保障面临国内增产边际效应递减和利用国际市场风险增大的双重挑战,应从统筹国内和国际两个大局、发展和安全两件大事出发,谋划好现代化新征程重要农产品供给保障思路。一方面,应从供需两侧入手扩产能、控消费,构建农业综合生产能力内在增长机制,针对农民务农种粮和地方重农抓粮逻辑采取差异化扶持政策,推进节粮减损、倡导节约消费;另一方面,应实施农产品进口多元化战略,提高海外供应链稳定性可靠性;此外,还应推动建立统一、联动的全国农产品大市场,完善农产品储备调节制度。

碳中和目标下我国森林碳汇功能实现的困境检视与法治保障

森林是水库、钱库和粮库,同时森林生态系统固碳增汇功能在实现碳中和目标中的作用也愈发凸显,成为重要的“碳库”。然而,我国森林碳汇功能实现存在因法治化程度较低、法律体系不健全且位阶低而造成的法律困境,以及因存在产权、资金、技术、风险障碍而造成的事理积弊。因应之策在于:一方面要积极推进国家应对气候变化专门立法、推进森林碳汇相关法律修订与制定、加强森林碳汇司法保障以巩固提升森林碳汇能力;另一方面要明晰森林碳汇的产权与收益归属,建立健全森林碳汇金融服务体系,提升森林碳汇项目技术实现能力、发展森林碳汇项目风险分散机制以消弭森林碳汇功能实现的障碍。

中国稀散金属矿资源概况

中国稀散金属资源丰富,在全球占有重要的战略地位。对中国542处矿产地(包括759个矿床/点)的稀散金属资源调查数据分析表明,目前中国已查明稀散金属资源储量102.82万t,其中,镓矿44.65万t,锗矿1.39万t,铟矿2.52万t,铊矿2.96万t,镉矿47.12万t,硒矿2.56万t,碲矿1.53万t,铼矿893.00 t。中国稀散金属资源具有如下特征:①分布广泛,但主要集中在西南地区、中南地区和华北地区,云南、河南、广西、内蒙古、山西、贵州、广东等是稀散金属资源较丰富的省(区);②独立矿床极少,但资源储量占到全国稀散金属资源总量的6.64%;③矿床规模以中、小型为主,但大型矿床和超大型矿床资源储量占全国稀散金属资源总量的80%以上;④主要伴生在铅锌多金属矿、铝土矿和煤矿中,3类矿床中的稀散金属资源储量占全国稀散金属资源总量的80%左右;⑤总体综合利用率较低。中国镓、锗、铊资源的储备充足,但硒、碲、铼、铟、镉资源相对缺乏。

中国式现代化背景下师德师风建设的关键路径

在全面推进中国式现代化背景下,大力加强师德师风建设是打造高质量教师队伍的重中之重。精神引领、文化涵养和制度保障是中国式现代化背景下师德师风建设的关键路径。精神引领是行动自觉,通过教师内在性的精神领悟与外在化的公共呈现,让教育家精神成为每一位教师的自觉追求;文化涵养是必由之路,立足中华文化传统,秉承“学以成人”的师德涵养理念,构建“时时觉察”的成长机制,追求“立己达人”的理想境界,激发教师的内在动力;制度保障是重要支撑,基于中华文化对人性的洞察,通过公正、合理和健全的制度保障,真正实现对每一位教师的真切关怀。三者相合共生、相辅相成,贯穿中国式现代化背景下师德师风建设的全过程。

化工学科研究生创新能力培养模式及保障机制研究

当今时代,创新研究生培养在于培养具有创新能力与实践能力的高端人才。仲恺农业工程学院化学化工学院根据化工学科特点,以提高研究生的创新能力为目标,完善了研究生创新课程体系;更新了教师的教育观念;建立了严格健全的考核和评价制度;加强了导师队伍建设;建立了多方位、多层面的研究生奖助体系;加强了国际合作与交流,创新了化工学科研究生培养模式和保障机制,提升研究生学术创新能力。

大数据下企业供应链风险管理与竞争情报融合模型构建--以华为公司为例

[研究目的]国际经贸对抗环境下,中美贸易摩擦将持续升级,国家层面的技术创新竞争使得企业面临的供应链风险大幅提升。同时,大数据改变了供应链风险管理模式,而竞争情报可以从理论、技术和方法等方面提升大数据下企业供应链风险管理能力,因此大数据下企业供应链风险管理与竞争情报的融合研究具有重要意义。[研究方法]采用文献分析、案例研究等方法,分析供应链风险管理与竞争情报的异同点,继而论证大数据下供应链风险管理与竞争情报融合的可行性和必要性,再辅之以标杆企业华为的供应链中断风险事件验证,最终构建大数据下华为供应链风险管理与竞争情报融合模型,并分析运行维护此模型的保障要素。[研究结论]研究表明,基于战略、组织、制度、技术和资源五要素的共同保障,大数据下供应链风险管理与竞争情报的融合能够实现供应链风险管理的全面性、及时性和有效性。

中国金融稳定保障基金最优规模度量和配置研究--基于宏观经济部门非预期损失的分析

金融稳定保障基金是建设金融强国战略背景下维护和实现金融稳定的重要工具。通过编制2008—2020年中国31个省(区、市)金融部门、政府部门、非金融企业部门和家庭部门宏观或有权益资产负债表,运用宏观在险价值方法度量各地区、各部门资产和负债市场价值的非预期损失,估算能充分覆盖重大风险敞口的金融稳定保障基金最优规模和配置比例。研究发现,中国金融稳定保障基金的最优相对规模从大到小依次是:政府部门、非金融企业部门、家庭部门和金融部门。其中,非金融企业部门和家庭部门地区间规模差异显著,东部地区相对规模水平较低,西部地区较高。政府部门作为公共部门具有对其他经济主体的隐性担保责任,最终承担其他部门产生但未抵补的金融风险,是金融稳定的“最后一道防线”。为了更好地防范和化解金融风险,维护金融稳定,金融稳定保障基金应当确定风险适配的目标规模,并实现多层级分部门的有效配置,最终形成全方位、多层次的金融稳定保障基金配置体系。

罕见病寻医找药多功能智慧化药学服务平台的建立与应用

目的加强罕见病患者合理用药管理,提高用药综合保障水平,以解决罕见病用药痛点问题。方法借助移动信息化技术,开发广东短缺药品咨询平台应用程序,并建立罕见病患者智慧化多功能的药学信息服务。结果作为中国首个整合省级罕见病医药资源的大数据平台,通过建立完善、专业的罕见病移动式药学服务体系,创新性实现线上线下“医+药+患”三方闭环。结论该药学服务平台为罕见病患者搭建起寻医找药的桥梁,助力健康中国高质量发展。