Neurophysiological, histological, and behavioral characterization of animal models of distraction spinal cord injury: a systematic review

Distraction spinal cord injury is caused by some degree of distraction or longitudinal tension on the spinal cord and commonly occurs in patients who undergo corrective operation for severe spinal deformity.With the increased degree and duration of distraction,spinal cord injuries become more serious in terms of their neurophysiology,histology,and behavior.Very few studies have been published on the specific characteristics of distraction spinal cord injury.In this study,we systematically review 22 related studies involving animal models of distraction spinal cord injury,focusing particularly on the neurophysiological,histological,and behavioral characteristics of this disease.In addition,we summarize the mechanisms underlying primary and secondary injuries caused by distraction spinal cord injury and clarify the effects of different degrees and durations of distraction on the primary injuries associated with spinal cord injury.We provide new concepts for the establishment of a model of distraction spinal cord injury and related basic research,and provide reference guidelines for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of this disease.

Knee osteoarthritis:A review of animal models and intervention of traditional Chinese medicine

Background:Knee osteoarthritis(KOA)characterized by degeneration of knee cartilage and subsequent bone hyperplasia is a prevalent joint condition primarily affecting aging adults.The pathophysiology of KOA remains poorly understood,as it involves complex mechanisms that result in the same outcome.Consequently,researchers are interested in studying KOA and require appropriate animal models for basic research.Chinese herbal compounds,which consist of multiple herbs with diverse pharmacological properties,possess characteristics such as multicomponent,multipathway,and multitarget effects.The potential benefits in the treatment of KOA continue to attract attention.Purpose:This study aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the advantages,limitations,and specific considerations in selecting different species and methods for KOA animal models.This will help researchers make informed decisions when choosing an animal model.Methods:Online academic databases(e.g.,PubMed,Google Scholar,Web of Science,and CNKI)were searched using the search terms“knee osteoarthritis,”“animal models,”“traditional Chinese medicine,”and their combinations,primarily including KOA studies published from 2010 to 2023.Results:Based on literature retrieval,this review provides a comprehensive overview of the methods of establishing KOA animal models;introduces the current status of advantages and disadvantages of various animal models,including mice,rats,rabbits,dogs,and sheep/goats;and presents the current status of methods used to establish KOA animal models.Conclusion:This study provides a review of the animal models used in recent KOA research,discusses the common modeling methods,and emphasizes the role of traditional Chinese medicine compounds in the treatment of KOA.

A multilayer network diffusion-based model for reviewer recommendation

With the rapid growth of manuscript submissions,finding eligible reviewers for every submission has become a heavy task.Recommender systems are powerful tools developed in computer science and information science to deal with this problem.However,most existing approaches resort to text mining techniques to match manuscripts with potential reviewers,which require high-quality textual information to perform well.In this paper,we propose a reviewer recommendation algorithm based on a network diffusion process on a scholar-paper multilayer network,with no requirement for textual information.The network incorporates the relationship of scholar-paper pairs,the collaboration among scholars,and the bibliographic coupling among papers.Experimental results show that our proposed algorithm outperforms other state-of-the-art recommendation methods that use graph random walk and matrix factorization and methods that use machine learning and natural language processing,with improvements of over 7.62%in recall,5.66%in hit rate,and 47.53%in ranking score.Our work sheds light on the effectiveness of multilayer network diffusion-based methods in the reviewer recommendation problem,which will help to facilitate the peer-review process and promote information retrieval research in other practical scenes.

A Tutorial Review of the Solar Power Curve: Regressions, Model Chains, and Their Hybridization and Probabilistic Extensions

Owing to the persisting hype in pushing toward global carbon neutrality,the study scope of atmospheric science is rapidly expanding.Among numerous trending topics,energy meteorology has been attracting the most attention hitherto.One essential skill of solar energy meteorologists is solar power curve modeling,which seeks to map irradiance and auxiliary weather variables to solar power,by statistical and/or physical means.In this regard,this tutorial review aims to deliver a complete overview of those fundamental scientific and engineering principles pertaining to the solar power curve.Solar power curves can be modeled in two primary ways,one of regression and the other of model chain.Both classes of modeling approaches,alongside their hybridization and probabilistic extensions,which allow accuracy improvement and uncertainty quantification,are scrutinized and contrasted thoroughly in this review.

Acute liver failure:A systematic review and network meta-analysis of optimal type of stem cells in animal models

BACKGROUND The therapeutic effects of various stem cells in acute liver failure(ALF)have been demonstrated in preclinical studies.However,the specific type of stem cells with the highest therapeutic potential has not been determined.AIM To validate the efficacy of stem cells in ALF model and to identify the most promising stem cells.METHODS A search was conducted on the PubMed,Web of Science,Embase,Scopus,and Cochrane databases from inception to May 3,2022,and updated on November 16,2022 to identify relevant studies.Two independent reviewers performed the literature search,identification,screening,quality assessment,and data extraction.RESULTS A total of 89 animal studies were included in the analysis.The results of traditional meta-analysis showed that stem cell therapy could significantly reduce the serum levels of alanine aminotransferase[weighted mean difference(WMD)=-181.05(-191.71,-170.39)],aspartate aminotransferase[WMD=-309.04(-328.45,-289.63)],tumor necrosis factor-alpha[WMD=-8.75(-9.93,-7.56)],and interleukin-6[WMD=-10.43(-12.11,-8.76)]in animal models of ALF.Further subgroup analysis and network meta-analysis showed that although mesenchymal stem cells are the current research hotspot,the effect of liver stem cells(LSCs)on improving liver function is significantly better than that of the other five types of stem cells.In addition,the ranking results showed that the possibility of LSCs improving liver function ranked first.This fully proves the great therapeutic potential of LSCs,which needs to be paid more attention in the future.CONCLUSION LSCs may have a higher therapeutic potential.Further high-quality animal experiments are needed to explore the most effective stem cells for ALF.

Phase-Field Simulation of Sintering Process:A Review

Sintering,a well-established technique in powder metallurgy,plays a critical role in the processing of high melting point materials.A comprehensive understanding of structural changes during the sintering process is essential for effective product assessment.The phase-field method stands out for its unique ability to simulate these structural transformations.Despite its widespread application,there is a notable absence of literature reviews focused on its usage in sintering simulations.Therefore,this paper addresses this gap by reviewing the latest advancements in phase-field sintering models,covering approaches based on energy,grand potential,and entropy increase.The characteristics of various models are extensively discussed,with a specific emphasis on energy-based models incorporating considerations such as interface energy anisotropy,tensor-form diffusion mechanisms,and various forms of rigid particle motion during sintering.Furthermore,the paper offers a concise summary of phase-field sintering models that integrate with other physical fields,including stress/strain fields,viscous flow,temperature field,and external electric fields.In conclusion,the paper provides a succinct overview of the entire content and delineates potential avenues for future research.

Animal models of tendon calcification:Past,present,and future

Tendon calcification is a common clinical condition that frequently occurs as a complication after tendon injury and surgery,or as an expression of fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva.This condition can be referred to by various names in clinical practice and literature,including tendon ossification,tendon mineralization,heterotopic ossification,and calcific tendonitis.The exact pathogenesis of tendon calcification remains uncertain,but current mainstream research suggests that calcification is mostly cell mediated.To further elucidate the pathogenesis of tendon calcification and to better simulate the overall process,selecting appropriate experimental animal models is important.Numerous animal models have been utilized in various clinical studies,each with its own set of advantages and limitations.In this review,we have discussed the advancements made in research on animal models of tendon calcification,with a focus on the selection of experimental animals,the sites of injury in these models,and the methods employed for modeling.

A Review on Evaluation Methods of Climate Modeling

There is scientific progress in the evaluation methods of recent Earth system models(ESMs).Methods range from single variable to multi-variables,multi-processes,multi-phenomena quantitative evaluations in five layers(spheres)of the Earth system,from climatic mean assessment to climate change(such as trends,periodicity,interdecadal variability),extreme values,abnormal characters and quantitative evaluations of phenomena,from qualitative assessment to quantitative calculation of reliability and uncertainty for model simulations.Researchers started considering independence and similarity between models in multi-model use,as well as the quantitative evaluation of climate prediction and projection efect and the quantitative uncertainty contribution analysis.In this manuscript,the simulations and projections by both CMIP5 and CMIP3 that have been published after 2007 are reviewed and summarized.

Animal models used to study direct peripheral nerve repair: a systematic review

Objective:Peripheral nerve repair is required after traumatic injury.This common condition represents a major public health problem worldwide.Recovery after nerve repair depends on several factors,including the severity of the injury,the nerve involved,and the surgeon’s technical skills.Despite the precise microsurgical repair of nerve lesions,adequate functional recovery is not always achieved and,therefore,the regeneration process and surgical techniques are still being studied.Pre-clinical animal models are essential for this research and,for this reason,the focus of the present systematic review(according to the PRISMA statement)was to analyze the different animal models used in pre-clinical peripheral nerve repair studies.Data sources:Original articles,published in English from 2000 to 2018,were collected using the Web of Science,Scopus,and PubMed databases.Data selection:Only preclinical trials on direct nerve repair were included in this review.The articles were evaluated by the first two authors,in accordance with predefined data fields.Outcome measures:The primary outcomes included functional motor abilities,daily activity and regeneration rate.Secondary outcomes included coaptation technique and animal model.Results:This review yielded 267 articles,of which,after completion of the screening,49 studies were analyzed.There were 1425 animals in those 49 studies,being rats,mice,guinea pigs,rabbits,cats and dogs the different pre-clinical models.The nerves used were classified into three groups:head and neck(11),forelimb(8)and hindlimb(30).The techniques used to perform the coaptation were:microsuture(46),glue(12),laser(8)and mechanical(2).The follow-up examinations were histology(43),electrophysiological analysis(24)and behavioral observation(22).Conclusion:The most widely used animal model in the study of peripheral nerve repair is the rat.Other animal models are also used but the cost-benefit of the rat model provides several strengths over the others.Suture techniques are currently the first option for nerve repair,but the use of glues,lasers and bioengineering materials is increasing.Hence,further research in this field is required to improve clinical practice.

Review of heterogeneous material objects modeling in additive manufacturing

This review investigates the recent developments of heterogeneous objects modeling in additive manufacturing(AM),as well as general problems and widespread solutions to the modeling methods of heterogeneous objects.Prevalent heterogeneous object representations are generally categorized based on the different expression or data structure employed therein,and the state-of-the-art of process planning procedures for AM is reviewed via different vigorous solutions for part orientation,slicing methods,and path planning strategies.Finally,some evident problems and possible future directions of investigation are discussed.

Establishment and evaluation of animal models of sepsis-associated encephalopathy

BACKGROUND:Sepsis-associated encephalopathy(SAE) is a critical disease caused by sepsis.In addition to high mortality,SAE can also adversely aff ect life quality and lead to significant socioeconomic costs.This review aims to explore the development of evaluation animal models of SAE,giving insight into the direction of future research in terms of its pathophysiology and therapy.METHODS:We performed a literature search from January 1,2000,to December 31,2022,in MEDLINE,PubMed,EMBASE,and Web of Science using related keywords.Two independent researchers screened all the accessible articles based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria and collected the relevant data of the studies.RESULTS:The animal models for sepsis are commonly induced through cecal ligation and puncture(CLP) or lipopolysaccharide(LPS) injection.SAE can be evaluated using nervous reflex scores and sepsis evaluation during the acute phase,or through Morris water maze(MWM),openfield test,fear condition(FC) test,inhibitory avoidance,and other tests during the late phase.CONCLUSION:CLP and LPS injection are the most common methods for establishing SAE animal models.Nervous reflexs cores,MWM,FC test,and inhibitory avoidance are widely used in SAE model analysis.Future research should focus on establishing a standardized system for SAE development and analysis.

The potential of gene therapies for spinal cord injury repair:a systematic review and meta-analysis of pre-clinical studies

Currently,there is no cure for traumatic spinal co rd injury but one therapeutic approach showing promise is gene therapy.In this systematic review and meta-analysis,we aim to assess the efficacy of gene therapies in pre-clinical models of spinal cord injury and the risk of bias.In this metaanalysis,registe red at PROSPERO(Registration ID:CRD42020185008),we identified relevant controlled in vivo studies published in English by searching the PubMed,Web of Science,and Embase databases.No restrictions of the year of publication were applied and the last literature search was conducted on August 3,2020.We then conducted a random-effects meta-analysis using the restricted maximum likelihood estimator.A total of 71 studies met our inclusion crite ria and were included in the systematic review.Our results showed that overall,gene therapies were associated with improvements in locomotor score(standardized mean difference[SMD]:2.07,95%confidence interval[CI]:1.68-2.47,Tau^(2)=2.13,I^(2)=83.6%)and axonal regrowth(SMD:2.78,95%CI:1.92-3.65,Tau^(2)=4.13,I^(2)=85.5%).There was significant asymmetry in the funnel plots of both outcome measures indicating the presence of publication bias.We used a modified CAMARADES(Collaborative Approach to M eta-Analysis and Review of Animal Data in Experimental Studies)checklist to assess the risk of bias,finding that the median score was 4(IQR:3-5).In particula r,reports of allocation concealment and sample size calculations were lacking.In conclusion,gene therapies are showing promise as therapies for spinal co rd injury repair,but there is no consensus on which gene or genes should be targeted.

Randomized controlled trials on Roy adaptation model nursing in patients with acute myocardial infarction in china: a systematic review

Objective:This study was to evaluate the quality of the randomized controlled trials on Roy adaptation model nursing in individuals suffering from acute myocardial infarction in China.Methods:We systematically searched the Cnki,Wanfang and Vipdatabases,to get randomized controlled trials on Roy adaptation model nursing in individuals suffering from acute myocardial infarction.The search period was from inception to October 2020.According to the Cochrane risk bias assessment tool,the quality of the studies included was appraised.Results:A total of 55 studies were retrieved,and 11 were eventually included in the study.Among the studies included,the first study was published in 2008.The overall quality of the 11 studies included was relatively low.Conclusions:The overall quality of the randomized controlled trials on Roy adaptation model nursing in individuals suffering from acute myocardial infarction was not high,which would hinder the evidence transformation as well as clinical practice.

Review Study on Main Models of Market Integration

With the endless strengthening of the economic globalization trend, the world market gradually steps into a new turn of the market integration period. Market integration in China is always the key study field of academic communities, but it is developed late, whatever content system or methodology shall be greatly improved as expected. This paper aims at summarizing and reviewing the study on the content system and main demonstrations of market integration in order to provide theoretical guide and methodological basis for related studies.

Modeling and analyzing of nuclear power peer review on enterprise operational efficiency

Based on the practice and analysis of peer review in nuclear power plants, the models on the Pareto improvement of peer review, governance entropy decrease of peer review are set up and discussed. The result shows that the peer review of nuclear power is actually a process of Pareto improvement, and of governance entropy decrease. It’s a process of improvement of the enterprise operational efficiency accordingly.

Expert Anti-Evaluation Model Based on Matter-Element Analysis in Fund Project Peer-Review System

The article analyses several key issues which restrict the effectiveness of fund project peer review work. It analyses the evaluating theory and matter-element theory to access the expert anti-evaluation model, and also studies the expert anti-evaluation index system to support the anti-evaluation method. The practical basis is the true score data of the experts which is collected from the actual anti-evaluation in Liaoning province science and technology fund project peer review system. With the practical experience of the actual project, we prove that the expert index system anti-evaluation model and expert anti-evaluation method can improve the fund project peer review work and play a positive role for the peer review work and also make the review work more scientific and more rational.

Retrieval,reporting and methodological characteristics for systematic reviews/meta-analyses of animal models:a meta-epidemiological study

The study aimed to analyze the reporting and methodological quality of systematic reviews(SRs)/meta-analyses(MAs)of animal models to provide references for later studies and avoid the waste of medical resources.EMBASE and MEDLINE databases were searched from inception to November 2017,with no language restriction.Two reviewers selected inclusion dependently and extracted the basic characteristics.Review Manager 5.3,stata 12.0,and SPSS 21 software were used to conduct analyses.A total of 46 SRs/MAs were included.The results showed that the English databases with high retrieval frequency are PubMed/MEDLINE,EMBASE,and Web of Science.67.31%(31/46)of the articles reported the search strategy in the full text or the appendix.65.22%(30/46)reported the literature screening flow diagram,and only 19.57%(9/46)reported the number of works of literature retrieved in each database.60.87%(28/46)illustrated supplement retrieval.Through 2 subgroup analyses,it was found that there were no significant differences in the quality of reports of PRISMA items.But referring to the methodological quality or reporting of PRESS items,SCI was better than that of non-SCI,while there seemed a source of funding to have no significant impact on the methodological quality or the items of PRESS.The results of PRESS,AMSTAR 2,and PRISMA were correlated,and the correlation between PRISMA and AMSTAR 2 was strong.These results demonstrated that search strategies of animal model SRs/MAs are still not enough comprehensive,report specification and methodological quality still need to be ameliorated.To show users the scientificity and rigor of the study,future research should focus on these various guidelines like PRESS,PRISMA,and AMSTAR 2 checklists that have been issued,it can help to increase the value of research and improve the utilization of medical resources.

Effect of traditional Chinese medicine on anthracycline-induced cardiotoxicity in animal models:A systematic review and metaanalysis

Objective:To evaluate the effect of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)on anthracycline-induced cardiotoxicity(AIC)in animal models.Methods:Separate systematic searches for preclinical studies were performed in the PubMed,EMBASE,Web of Science,Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure,Chinese Biomedical Database,Chinese Scientific Journal Database,and Wanfang Data from inception to August 2019.The primary outcomes were echocardiography,serum assays for myocardial enzymograms,histological assessments,and electrocardiograms.The secondary outcomes mainly included body weight and safety evaluations.The protocol is registered on PROSPERO(CRD42019145819).RevMan(V.5.3)was used for meta-analysis.Results:We identified 10 studies from 9 international scientific publications describing the efficacy of TCM on AIC animal models.All the included studies reported that,compared with animal model without any intervention,TCM significantly improved ventricular function,cardiac biomarkers,electrocardiograph results,and cardiac fibrosis.Improved survival rates and body mass indices were also observed with TCM.We further pooled the available data from four studies(63 animals)for the meta-analysis and the results showed that,compared with models without any intervention,TCM significantly increased the ejection fraction by 14.13%(95%CI,9.96e18.29)and fraction shortening by 8.66%(95%CI,6.05 e11.26).Creatine kinase-MB(SMD=2.49,95%CI:-3.12 to-1.85)and lactate dehydrogenase(SMD=-2.78,95%CI:-3.45 to-2.12)were also significantly decreased by TCM.Conclusions:TCM is effective in improving AIC in animal models and has tremendous potential to be translated to treat AIC in clinical practice.Additionally,the systematic review and meta-analysis of animal experiments may be valuable in enhancing and guiding animal experiments and promoting the transformation of the results.

Acta Oceanologica Sinica adopts review system ScholarOne Manuscripts

The Acta Oceanologica Sinica, publishes the most recent scientific achievements in the field of ocean sciences, recently adopted ScholarOne Manuscripts to manage its submissions and peer review process. The comprehensive online platform will help further promote academic exchange by streamlining the editorial and publication process： authors enjoy ease of submission and ability to track manuscript review status while editors can manage review tasks in a dynamic, frilly-integrated interface that enables the most informed decision- making.

Acta Oceanologica Sinica adopts review system ScholarOne Manuscripts

The Acta Oceanologica Sinica, publishes the most recent scientific achievements in the field of ocean sciences, recently adopted ScholarOne Manuscripts to manage its submissions and peer review process. The comprehensive online platform will help further promote academic exchange by streamlining the editorial and publication process： authors enjoy ease of submission and ability to track manuscript review status while edi- tors can manage review tasks in a dynamic, fully-integrated interface that enables the most informed decision- making.