Low-electrode capacitive deionization(FCDI)is an emerging desalination technology with great potential for removal and/or recycling ions from a range of waters.However,it still suffers from inefficient charge transfer...Low-electrode capacitive deionization(FCDI)is an emerging desalination technology with great potential for removal and/or recycling ions from a range of waters.However,it still suffers from inefficient charge transfer and ion transport kinetics due to weak turbulence and low electric intensity in flow electrodes,both restricted by the current collectors.Herein,a new tip-array current collector(designated as T-CC)was developed to replace the conventional planar current collectors,which intensifies both the charge transfer and ion transport significantly.The effects of tip arrays on flow and electric fields were studied by both computational simulations and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy,which revealed the reduction of ion transport barrier,charge transport barrier and internal resistance.With the voltage increased from 1.0 to 1.5 and 2.0 V,the T-CC-based FCDI system(T-FCDI)exhibited average salt removal rates(ASRR)of 0.18,0.50,and 0.89μmol cm^(-2) min^(-1),respectively,which are 1.82,2.65,and 2.48 folds higher than that of the conventional serpentine current collectors,and 1.48,1.67,and 1.49 folds higher than that of the planar current collectors.Meanwhile,with the solid content in flow electrodes increased from 1 to 5 wt%,the ASRR for T-FCDI increased from 0.29 to 0.50μmol cm^(-2) min^(-1),which are 1.70 and 1.67 folds higher than that of the planar current collectors.Additionally,a salt removal efficiency of 99.89%was achieved with T-FCDI and the charge efficiency remained above 95%after 24 h of operation,thus showing its superior long-term stability.展开更多
Sweet potato leaf tips have high nutritional value,and exploring the differences in the metabolic profiles of leaf tips among different sweet potato varieties can provide information to improve their qualities.In this...Sweet potato leaf tips have high nutritional value,and exploring the differences in the metabolic profiles of leaf tips among different sweet potato varieties can provide information to improve their qualities.In this study,a UPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap/MS-based untargeted metabolomics method was used to evaluate the metabolites in leaf tips of 32 sweet potato varieties.Three varieties with distinct overall metabolic profiles(A01,A02,and A03),two varieties with distinct profiles of phenolic acids(A20 and A18),and three varieties with distinct profiles of flavonoids(A05,A12,and A16)were identified.In addition,a total of 163 and 29 differentially expressed metabolites correlated with the color and leaf shape of sweet potato leaf tips,respectively,were identified through morphological characterization.Group comparison analysis of the phenotypic traits and a metabolite-phenotypic trait correlation analysis indicated that the color differences of sweet potato leaf tips were markedly associated with flavonoids.Also,the level of polyphenols was correlated with the leaf shape of sweet potato leaf tips,with lobed leaf types having higher levels of polyphenols than the entire leaf types.The findings on the metabolic profiles and differentially expressed metabolites associated with the morphology of sweet potato leaf tips can provide useful information for breeding sweet potato varieties with higher nutritional value.展开更多
1案例1.1简要案情和病史摘要肖某,男,44岁,既往有高血压病史。某年9月12日因“上腹痛1周”入某区人民医院治疗,经对症支持治疗后症状稍缓解。9月13日转至某市人民医院治疗,入院时血压19.9/14.1 k Pa(149/106 mm Hg),实验室检查示:总胆红...1案例1.1简要案情和病史摘要肖某,男,44岁,既往有高血压病史。某年9月12日因“上腹痛1周”入某区人民医院治疗,经对症支持治疗后症状稍缓解。9月13日转至某市人民医院治疗,入院时血压19.9/14.1 k Pa(149/106 mm Hg),实验室检查示:总胆红素29.88μmol/L↑(参考值3.4~17.1μmol/L),直接胆红素10.69μmol/L↑(参考值0~6.8μmol/L),间接胆红素19.19μmol/L↑(参考值1.7~10.2μmol/L),丙氨酸转氨酶56.02 U/L↑(参考值10~40 U/L),纤维蛋白原5.73 g/L↑(参考值2~4 g/L),D-二聚体4.05 mg/L↑(参考值0~0.5 mg/L)。展开更多
Ecosystems generally have the self-adapting ability to resist various external pressures or disturbances,which is always called resilience.However,once the external disturbances exceed the tipping points of the system...Ecosystems generally have the self-adapting ability to resist various external pressures or disturbances,which is always called resilience.However,once the external disturbances exceed the tipping points of the system resilience,the consequences would be catastrophic,and eventually lead the ecosystem to complete collapse.We capture the collapse process of ecosystems represented by plant-pollinator networks with the k-core nested structural method,and find that a sufficiently weak interaction strength or a sufficiently large competition weight can cause the structure of the ecosystem to collapse from its smallest k-core towards its largest k-core.Then we give the tipping points of structure and dynamic collapse of the entire system from the one-dimensional dynamic function of the ecosystem.Our work provides an intuitive and precise description of the dynamic process of ecosystem collapse under multiple interactions,and provides theoretical insights into further avoiding the occurrence of ecosystem collapse.展开更多
Aqueous zinc metal batteries (AZMBs) are hindered by uncontrolled dendrites and side reactions during commercialization,despite their advantages of safety and high capacity density.Herein,we propose the electrical fee...Aqueous zinc metal batteries (AZMBs) are hindered by uncontrolled dendrites and side reactions during commercialization,despite their advantages of safety and high capacity density.Herein,we propose the electrical feedback strategy to restrain the Zn dendrites resulting from the"tip effect"and optimize interfacial Zn^(2+)distribution to accelerate electrodeposition kinetics by using the lithium niobate (LNO) layer.Specifically,at the bumps of the zinc anode,the ferroelectric LNO is polarized by the locally strong electric field,which in turn counteracts the"tip effect".In this way,the dynamic polarization of LNO can repair the uneven tip electric field to achieve uniform and flat zinc deposition.In addition,owing to the interaction between Nb and Zn^(2+),a higher concentration of Zn^(2+)near the zincophilic LNO@Zn surface is obtained for the rapid electrochemical reaction kinetics of plating.Considering the aforementioned advantages,the LNO@Zn anode harvests stable cycling over 1200 h at 10 mA cm^(-2)with a superior cumulative capacity of 5800 mAh cm^(-2).Assembled with the a-MnO_(2) cathode,the full cell using LNO@Zn anode exhibits the slower capacity decay (0.054%per cycle) during 1000 cycles.This strategy provides a perspective for stabilizing zinc metal anodes through dynamic electrical response and interfacial ion redistribution effect.展开更多
The effect of undercooling DT and the interface energy anisotropy parameter e4 on the shape of the equiaxed dendritic tip has been investigated by using a quantitative phase-field model for solidification of binary al...The effect of undercooling DT and the interface energy anisotropy parameter e4 on the shape of the equiaxed dendritic tip has been investigated by using a quantitative phase-field model for solidification of binary alloys.It was found that the tip radius r increases and the tip shape amplitude coefficient A4 decreases with the increase of the fitting range for all cases.The dendrite tip shape selection parameter sdecreases and then stabilizes with the increase of the fitting range,and sincreases with the increase of e4.The relationship between sand e4 follows a power-law function sµea 4,and a is independent of DT but dependent on the fitting range.Numerical results demonstrate that the predicted sis consistent with the curve of microscopic solvability theory(MST)for e4<0.02,and sobtained from our phase-field simulations is sensitive to the undercooling when e4 is fixed.展开更多
A linear microporous blade tip structure is designed in order to reduce the aerodynamic noise of a wind turbine during operations.Various structures of such a kind are considered and the related aerodynamic noise is d...A linear microporous blade tip structure is designed in order to reduce the aerodynamic noise of a wind turbine during operations.Various structures of such a kind are considered and the related aerodynamic noise is determined in the framework of large vortex simulation and acoustic array test methods.The findings demonstrate that various blade tip designs can enhance the vortex trajectory in the tip region and lessen the pressure differential between the blade’s upper and lower surfaces.In particular,the wind turbine’s maximum linear velocity at the blade tip can be increased by 10%–23%while also effectively reducing the radial and axial aerodynamic noise during operation.A trailing edge microporous structure displays a better noise reduction effect than a leading edge microporous structure,and the maximum sound pressure level is reduced by an average of 1.92%–3.63%.The main factors influencing the wind turbine’s aerodynamic noise are its size and placement of microporous holes.展开更多
A series of experiments and numerical simulations are carried out in a high-speed axial compressor to systematically investigate the influence and underlying flow mechanisms of micro tip injection on enhancing compres...A series of experiments and numerical simulations are carried out in a high-speed axial compressor to systematically investigate the influence and underlying flow mechanisms of micro tip injection on enhancing compressor stability.Different geometric structures of micro tip injection have been investigated,including the axial positions of injector port,injected mass flow rate and injector diameter.First,seven designed micro tip injection structures and one solid wall casing are tested in the compressor test rig to elucidate the influence of different micro tip injection parameters on the compressor stability.Then,numerical simulations are conducted to analyze the underlying flow mechanisms of micro tip injection with different design parameters on enhancing the compressor stability.The experimental and numerical investigation reveal that when the injection port is located upstream of the low-speed region,the compressor stability is significantly enhanced.The tip injection with larger injected mass flow can obtain higher stall margin improvement.Smaller injector diameter produces higher injection momentum and velocity,contributing to greater improvement on the compressor stability.展开更多
基金supported by the Shenzhen Science and Technology Program(JCYJ20230808105111022,JCYJ20220818095806013)Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong(2023A1515012267)+1 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22178223)the Royal Society/NSFC cost share program(IEC\NSFC\223372).
文摘Low-electrode capacitive deionization(FCDI)is an emerging desalination technology with great potential for removal and/or recycling ions from a range of waters.However,it still suffers from inefficient charge transfer and ion transport kinetics due to weak turbulence and low electric intensity in flow electrodes,both restricted by the current collectors.Herein,a new tip-array current collector(designated as T-CC)was developed to replace the conventional planar current collectors,which intensifies both the charge transfer and ion transport significantly.The effects of tip arrays on flow and electric fields were studied by both computational simulations and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy,which revealed the reduction of ion transport barrier,charge transport barrier and internal resistance.With the voltage increased from 1.0 to 1.5 and 2.0 V,the T-CC-based FCDI system(T-FCDI)exhibited average salt removal rates(ASRR)of 0.18,0.50,and 0.89μmol cm^(-2) min^(-1),respectively,which are 1.82,2.65,and 2.48 folds higher than that of the conventional serpentine current collectors,and 1.48,1.67,and 1.49 folds higher than that of the planar current collectors.Meanwhile,with the solid content in flow electrodes increased from 1 to 5 wt%,the ASRR for T-FCDI increased from 0.29 to 0.50μmol cm^(-2) min^(-1),which are 1.70 and 1.67 folds higher than that of the planar current collectors.Additionally,a salt removal efficiency of 99.89%was achieved with T-FCDI and the charge efficiency remained above 95%after 24 h of operation,thus showing its superior long-term stability.
基金This work was supported by grants from the construction and operation of the Food Nutrition and Health Research Center of Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences,China(XTXM 202205)the earmarked fund for CARS-10Sweetpotato,and the Guangdong Modern Agro-industry Technology Research System,China(2022KJ111).
文摘Sweet potato leaf tips have high nutritional value,and exploring the differences in the metabolic profiles of leaf tips among different sweet potato varieties can provide information to improve their qualities.In this study,a UPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap/MS-based untargeted metabolomics method was used to evaluate the metabolites in leaf tips of 32 sweet potato varieties.Three varieties with distinct overall metabolic profiles(A01,A02,and A03),two varieties with distinct profiles of phenolic acids(A20 and A18),and three varieties with distinct profiles of flavonoids(A05,A12,and A16)were identified.In addition,a total of 163 and 29 differentially expressed metabolites correlated with the color and leaf shape of sweet potato leaf tips,respectively,were identified through morphological characterization.Group comparison analysis of the phenotypic traits and a metabolite-phenotypic trait correlation analysis indicated that the color differences of sweet potato leaf tips were markedly associated with flavonoids.Also,the level of polyphenols was correlated with the leaf shape of sweet potato leaf tips,with lobed leaf types having higher levels of polyphenols than the entire leaf types.The findings on the metabolic profiles and differentially expressed metabolites associated with the morphology of sweet potato leaf tips can provide useful information for breeding sweet potato varieties with higher nutritional value.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.72071153 and 72231008)the Natural Science Foundation of Shaanxi Province(Grant No.2020JM-486)the Fund of the Key Laboratory of Equipment Integrated Support Technology(Grant No.6142003190102)。
文摘Ecosystems generally have the self-adapting ability to resist various external pressures or disturbances,which is always called resilience.However,once the external disturbances exceed the tipping points of the system resilience,the consequences would be catastrophic,and eventually lead the ecosystem to complete collapse.We capture the collapse process of ecosystems represented by plant-pollinator networks with the k-core nested structural method,and find that a sufficiently weak interaction strength or a sufficiently large competition weight can cause the structure of the ecosystem to collapse from its smallest k-core towards its largest k-core.Then we give the tipping points of structure and dynamic collapse of the entire system from the one-dimensional dynamic function of the ecosystem.Our work provides an intuitive and precise description of the dynamic process of ecosystem collapse under multiple interactions,and provides theoretical insights into further avoiding the occurrence of ecosystem collapse.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (52172159)the Postdoctoral Fellowship Program of CPSF (GZB20230631)。
文摘Aqueous zinc metal batteries (AZMBs) are hindered by uncontrolled dendrites and side reactions during commercialization,despite their advantages of safety and high capacity density.Herein,we propose the electrical feedback strategy to restrain the Zn dendrites resulting from the"tip effect"and optimize interfacial Zn^(2+)distribution to accelerate electrodeposition kinetics by using the lithium niobate (LNO) layer.Specifically,at the bumps of the zinc anode,the ferroelectric LNO is polarized by the locally strong electric field,which in turn counteracts the"tip effect".In this way,the dynamic polarization of LNO can repair the uneven tip electric field to achieve uniform and flat zinc deposition.In addition,owing to the interaction between Nb and Zn^(2+),a higher concentration of Zn^(2+)near the zincophilic LNO@Zn surface is obtained for the rapid electrochemical reaction kinetics of plating.Considering the aforementioned advantages,the LNO@Zn anode harvests stable cycling over 1200 h at 10 mA cm^(-2)with a superior cumulative capacity of 5800 mAh cm^(-2).Assembled with the a-MnO_(2) cathode,the full cell using LNO@Zn anode exhibits the slower capacity decay (0.054%per cycle) during 1000 cycles.This strategy provides a perspective for stabilizing zinc metal anodes through dynamic electrical response and interfacial ion redistribution effect.
基金the National Key Research and De-velopment Program of China(Grant No.2021YFB3502600)Shenzhen Science and Technology Program(Grant No.JCYJ20220530161813029).
文摘The effect of undercooling DT and the interface energy anisotropy parameter e4 on the shape of the equiaxed dendritic tip has been investigated by using a quantitative phase-field model for solidification of binary alloys.It was found that the tip radius r increases and the tip shape amplitude coefficient A4 decreases with the increase of the fitting range for all cases.The dendrite tip shape selection parameter sdecreases and then stabilizes with the increase of the fitting range,and sincreases with the increase of e4.The relationship between sand e4 follows a power-law function sµea 4,and a is independent of DT but dependent on the fitting range.Numerical results demonstrate that the predicted sis consistent with the curve of microscopic solvability theory(MST)for e4<0.02,and sobtained from our phase-field simulations is sensitive to the undercooling when e4 is fixed.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation Projects(grant number 51966018)the Key Research&Development Program of Xinjiang(grant number 2022B01003).
文摘A linear microporous blade tip structure is designed in order to reduce the aerodynamic noise of a wind turbine during operations.Various structures of such a kind are considered and the related aerodynamic noise is determined in the framework of large vortex simulation and acoustic array test methods.The findings demonstrate that various blade tip designs can enhance the vortex trajectory in the tip region and lessen the pressure differential between the blade’s upper and lower surfaces.In particular,the wind turbine’s maximum linear velocity at the blade tip can be increased by 10%–23%while also effectively reducing the radial and axial aerodynamic noise during operation.A trailing edge microporous structure displays a better noise reduction effect than a leading edge microporous structure,and the maximum sound pressure level is reduced by an average of 1.92%–3.63%.The main factors influencing the wind turbine’s aerodynamic noise are its size and placement of microporous holes.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52076179)National Science and Technology Major Projects of China(No.J2019-I-0011).
文摘A series of experiments and numerical simulations are carried out in a high-speed axial compressor to systematically investigate the influence and underlying flow mechanisms of micro tip injection on enhancing compressor stability.Different geometric structures of micro tip injection have been investigated,including the axial positions of injector port,injected mass flow rate and injector diameter.First,seven designed micro tip injection structures and one solid wall casing are tested in the compressor test rig to elucidate the influence of different micro tip injection parameters on the compressor stability.Then,numerical simulations are conducted to analyze the underlying flow mechanisms of micro tip injection with different design parameters on enhancing the compressor stability.The experimental and numerical investigation reveal that when the injection port is located upstream of the low-speed region,the compressor stability is significantly enhanced.The tip injection with larger injected mass flow can obtain higher stall margin improvement.Smaller injector diameter produces higher injection momentum and velocity,contributing to greater improvement on the compressor stability.
