智慧农业产业学院“1234”产教融合协同育人模式

智慧农业是近年来国内外的重点和热点研究领域,也是实现我国农业强国和解决“三农”问题的重要途径。未来,涉农行业、企事业单位对智慧农业人才的需求将呈快速增长态势,而当前智慧农业人才难以满足智慧农业产业的需求。同时,智慧农业是多学科交叉融合且实践性很强的专业,也是新型专业,尚未形成系统性的智慧农业专业人才培养体系。因而,加快推进智慧农业专业人才培养,显得尤为迫切和重要。该文在坚持“以本为本”和“四个回归”的教育理念基础上,围绕智慧农业发展目标,面向智慧农业产业需求,以山西农业大学省级智慧农业学院为例,探索出智慧农业产业学院“1核心、2导师、3平台、4体系”的“1234”产教融合协同育人模式,为我国智慧农业产业学院发展及人才培养模式提供参考和借鉴。

高师院校音乐专业课程“1234”建设模式与实践研究

音乐专业是高师院校的特色专业,旨在培养优秀的音乐教育人才,为国家的基础教育提供专业扎实、品学兼优的优质师资。因此,高师院校围绕音乐专业学生进行系统的专业培养和丰富的思想政治教育非常关键。尤其是在“课程思政”建设背景下,高校音乐专业人才培养目标对“专业课+思政课”的创新实施对音乐人才的培养具有重要的意义和价值。在本文的研究中,笔者结合自身教学经验,从高师目前的教学现状出发,深入挖掘高师音乐专业中的课程思政元素,找准音乐专业课程和思想政治教育的契合点,提出了“1234”课程建设的创新观点。总之,高师音乐专业“1234”课程建设模式的实施,可以为高师的“课程思政”课堂开辟新的思路,拓展新的教学手段,为全面提升高师院校音乐专业课程的教学成绩和人才培养质量发挥显著作用。

含R1234yf混合工质汽液相平衡的混合规则评估与预测研究

含R1234yf混合工质具有系统性能优良且对环境友好的特点,在当前制冷剂迭代中受到了广泛关注。汽液相平衡性质是混合工质的基础热物理性质,其理论计算至关重要。为提高含R1234yf混合工质汽液相平衡数据的计算精度,选取PR状态方程结合vdW、WS、MHV1三种混合规则和NRTL活度系数模型评估了16种含R1234yf二元混合工质的汽液相平衡性质。结果表明,WS混合规则和MHV1混合规则计算性能优于vdW混合规则;vdW混合规则对大多数混合工质计算性能较好。最后提出一种预测模型预测含R1234yf混合工质汽液相平衡性质,预测的相对压力偏差值为0.49%,气相摩尔分数绝对偏差值为0.0031,预测偏差满足工程应用。

R1234yf在板式蒸发冷凝器中换热过程的数值模拟

通过建立板式蒸发冷凝器的二维数学模型,模拟了新型制冷剂R1234yf在板式蒸发冷凝器的换热过程,总结了冷却水温度、空气含湿量、制冷剂温度在板式蒸发冷凝器中的分布规律,并分析了冷凝温度、降膜雷诺数及空气湿球温度对板式蒸发冷凝器中换热的影响。研究表明:板式蒸发冷凝器的换热能力随冷凝温度升高而增大,随空气湿球温度升高而减小,随着降膜雷诺数的升高先增大后减小。冷凝温度从41℃变化到45℃时,板式蒸发冷凝器的热流密度增加了16.2%;湿球温度从21℃升高到26℃时,板式蒸发冷凝器的热流密度降低了14.6%;在不同冷凝温度下降膜雷诺数由60变化到120,板式蒸发冷凝器的热流密度最大变化率为6.06%。

A Review on Sources,Extractions and Analysis Methods of a Sustainable Biomaterial:Tannins

Condensed and hydrolysable tannins are non-toxic natural polyphenols that are a commercial commodity industrialized for tanning hides to obtain leather and for a growing number of other industrial applications mainly to substitute petroleum-based products.They are a definite class of sustainable materials of the forestry industry.They have been in operation for hundreds of years to manufacture leather and now for a growing number of applications in a variety of other industries,such as wood adhesives,metal coating,pharmaceutical/medical applications and several others.This review presents the main sources,either already or potentially commercial of this forestry by-materials,their industrial and laboratory extraction systems,their systems of analysis with their advantages and drawbacks,be these methods so simple to even appear primitive but nonetheless of proven effectiveness,or very modern and instrumental.It constitutes a basic but essential summary of what is necessary to know of these sustainable materials.In doing so,the review highlights some of the main challenges that remain to be addressed to deliver the quality and economics of tannin supply necessary to fulfill the industrial production requirements for some materials-based uses.

R1234yf新能源汽车空调电子膨胀阀测试系统研制

针对目前国内现有电子膨胀阀测试系统偏差大、测试范围小、耗能大,研制了一种新型R1234yf新能源汽车空调电子膨胀阀测试系统,该测试系统利用制冷剂节流后气相经压缩机加压、液相经制冷剂循环泵加压,两相充分混合后进入冷凝器,利用排气节流阀直接控制被测电子膨胀阀阀后压力。依据汽车热管理国家标准对该测试系统进行了可行性及热力性能分析,并与实际制冷方法、液环法测试系统冷凝热负荷及耗功总和进行对比。结果表明:该系统利用两相环法,可以减少冷凝后的冷凝热量,通过排气节流阀控制被测阀后压力,取消蒸发器,提高系统性能;在流经被测试电子膨胀阀的工质质量流量为0.02~0.18 kg/s工况下,该系统冷凝热负荷较实际制冷方法减小了71.6%,较液环法降低了37.9%,耗功总和则比实际制冷方法下降了63.7%~38.6%,但比液环法约增加了7.5%。该系统可为新能源汽车空调行业电子膨胀阀性能测试提供可行且节能的测试方法。

带经济器补气的R1234yf车用热泵系统性能试验研究

针对普通车用热泵空调无法实现同一压缩机超低温制热、超高温制冷的技术性难题,开发了一种带经济器补气的R1234yf车用热泵系统试验台,试验研究了在不同车外温度下,低压、中压补气模式对系统性能的影响。结果表明:在不同车外温度下,低压补气、中压补气技术均可明显改善系统性能,且中压补气技术提高系统性能较为明显;超低温制热、超高温制冷时,低压、中压补气压缩机排气温度均低于90 ℃;在超高温(50 ℃)工况下,相对于低压补气,中压补气制冷量增加了6.9%,COP增加了3.2%;在超低温(-10,-20 ℃)工况下,相对于低压补气,中压补气制热量增加了11.1%~23.2%,COP增加了3.0%~3.8%;中压补气系统性能均优于低压补气系统。

Drilling-based measuring method for the c-φ parameter of rock and its field application

The technology of drilling tests makes it possible to obtain the strength parameter of rock accurately in situ. In this paper, a new rock cutting analysis model that considers the influence of the rock crushing zone(RCZ) is built. The formula for an ultimate cutting force is established based on the limit equilibrium principle. The relationship between digital drilling parameters(DDP) and the c-φ parameter(DDP-cφ formula, where c refers to the cohesion and φ refers to the internal friction angle) is derived, and the response of drilling parameters and cutting ratio to the strength parameters is analyzed. The drillingbased measuring method for the c-φ parameter of rock is constructed. The laboratory verification test is then completed, and the difference in results between the drilling test and the compression test is less than 6%. On this basis, in-situ rock drilling tests in a traffic tunnel and a coal mine roadway are carried out, and the strength parameters of the surrounding rock are effectively tested. The average difference ratio of the results is less than 11%, which verifies the effectiveness of the proposed method for obtaining the strength parameters based on digital drilling. This study provides methodological support for field testing of rock strength parameters.

A comparison study on structure-function relationship of polysaccharides obtained from sea buckthorn berries using different methods:antioxidant and bile acid-binding capacity

In this study,the structural characters,antioxidant activities and bile acid-binding ability of sea buckthorn polysaccharides(HRPs)obtained by the commonly used hot water(HRP-W),pressurized hot water(HRP-H),ultrasonic(HRP-U),acid(HRP-C)and alkali(HRP-A)assisted extraction methods were investigated.The results demonstrated that extraction methods had significant effects on extraction yield,monosaccharide composition,molecular weight,particle size,triple-helical structure,and surface morphology of HRPs except for the major linkage bands.Thermogravimetric analysis showed that HRP-U with filamentous reticular microstructure exhibited better thermal stability.The HRP-A with the lowest molecular weight and highest arabinose content possessed the best antioxidant activities.Moreover,the rheological analysis indicated that HRPs with higher galacturonic acid content and molecular weight showed higher viscosity and stronger crosslinking network(HRP-C,HRP-W and HRP-U),which exhibited stronger bile acid binding capacity.The present findings provide scientific evidence in the preparation technology of sea buckthorn polysaccharides with good antioxidant and bile acid binding capacity which are related to the structure affected by the extraction methods.

R1234yf在光管内流动冷凝换热特性及换热系数关联式研究

以内径为3.5 mm和5 mm的光管为研究对象,实验研究冷凝温度、质量流量、管径对节能环保型汽车空调制冷剂R1234yf的流动冷凝换热特性的影响,并选出最优管内换热系数关联式。结果显示:随着R1234yf质量流量的增加、冷凝温度的下降,管内换热系数值增加,且质量流量每升高100 kg/(m^(2)·s)、冷凝温度每降低1℃,换热系数分别改变0.623~0.938k W/(m^(2)·℃)、0.136~0.274 kW/(m^(2)·℃);3.5 mm管内换热系数比5.0 mm的高0.281~0.441 kW/(m^(2)·℃);Thome等关联式、Shah关联式和Akers等关联式预测精度高,预测平均误差均低于5%;Cavallini等关联式、Dobson等关联式和Jung关联式预测值均高于管内换热系数实际值,且预测精度受冷凝温度、管径等影响较大;虽然Wang等关联式、Huang等关联式预测值均低于管内换热系数测量,但其变化趋势与实验值相符。

Material point method simulation of hydro-mechanical behaviour in twophase porous geomaterials: A state-of-the-art review

The material point method(MPM)has been gaining increasing popularity as an appropriate approach to the solution of coupled hydro-mechanical problems involving large deformation.In this paper,we survey the current state-of-the-art in the MPM simulation of hydro-mechanical behaviour in two-phase porous geomaterials.The review covers the recent advances and developments in the MPM and their extensions to capture the coupled hydro-mechanical problems involving large deformations.The focus of this review is aiming at providing a clear picture of what has or has not been developed or implemented for simulating two-phase coupled large deformation problems,which will provide some direct reference for both practitioners and researchers.

Deciphering gastric inflammation-induced tumorigenesis through multi-omics data and AI methods

Gastric cancer(GC), the fifth most common cancer globally, remains the leading cause of cancer deaths worldwide. Inflammation-induced tumorigenesis is the predominant process in GC development;therefore, systematic research in this area should improve understanding of the biological mechanisms that initiate GC development and promote cancer hallmarks. Here, we summarize biological knowledge regarding gastric inflammation-induced tumorigenesis, and characterize the multi-omics data and systems biology methods for investigating GC development. Of note, we highlight pioneering studies in multi-omics data and state-of-the-art network-based algorithms used for dissecting the features of gastric inflammation-induced tumorigenesis, and we propose translational applications in early GC warning biomarkers and precise treatment strategies. This review offers integrative insights for GC research, with the goal of paving the way to novel paradigms for GC precision oncology and prevention.

Volumetric lattice Boltzmann method for pore-scale mass diffusionadvection process in geopolymer porous structures

Porous materials present significant advantages for absorbing radioactive isotopes in nuclear waste streams.To improve absorption efficiency in nuclear waste treatment,a thorough understanding of the diffusion-advection process within porous structures is essential for material design.In this study,we present advancements in the volumetric lattice Boltzmann method(VLBM)for modeling and simulating pore-scale diffusion-advection of radioactive isotopes within geopolymer porous structures.These structures are created using the phase field method(PFM)to precisely control pore architectures.In our VLBM approach,we introduce a concentration field of an isotope seamlessly coupled with the velocity field and solve it by the time evolution of its particle population function.To address the computational intensity inherent in the coupled lattice Boltzmann equations for velocity and concentration fields,we implement graphics processing unit(GPU)parallelization.Validation of the developed model involves examining the flow and diffusion fields in porous structures.Remarkably,good agreement is observed for both the velocity field from VLBM and multiphysics object-oriented simulation environment(MOOSE),and the concentration field from VLBM and the finite difference method(FDM).Furthermore,we investigate the effects of background flow,species diffusivity,and porosity on the diffusion-advection behavior by varying the background flow velocity,diffusion coefficient,and pore volume fraction,respectively.Notably,all three parameters exert an influence on the diffusion-advection process.Increased background flow and diffusivity markedly accelerate the process due to increased advection intensity and enhanced diffusion capability,respectively.Conversely,increasing the porosity has a less significant effect,causing a slight slowdown of the diffusion-advection process due to the expanded pore volume.This comprehensive parametric study provides valuable insights into the kinetics of isotope uptake in porous structures,facilitating the development of porous materials for nuclear waste treatment applications.

党建引领乡村治理的“陇南样板”探析——基于陇南民事直说“1234”工作法的研究

乡村治理是乡村振兴战略的重要组成部分,治理有效是乡村振兴的重要保障。近年来甘肃省陇南市立足乡村治理的现有成效,总结全市各级党组织的经验做法,形成陇南民事直说“1234”工作法,成效显著。在深入分析陇南民事直说“1234”工作法的出台背景、主要做法与成效的基础上,提出了相关意见与建议,以期为陇南乡村治理提供借鉴,为市域社会治理提供参考。

Uncertainties of landslide susceptibility prediction: Influences of random errors in landslide conditioning factors and errors reduction by low pass filter method

In the existing landslide susceptibility prediction(LSP)models,the influences of random errors in landslide conditioning factors on LSP are not considered,instead the original conditioning factors are directly taken as the model inputs,which brings uncertainties to LSP results.This study aims to reveal the influence rules of the different proportional random errors in conditioning factors on the LSP un-certainties,and further explore a method which can effectively reduce the random errors in conditioning factors.The original conditioning factors are firstly used to construct original factors-based LSP models,and then different random errors of 5%,10%,15% and 20%are added to these original factors for con-structing relevant errors-based LSP models.Secondly,low-pass filter-based LSP models are constructed by eliminating the random errors using low-pass filter method.Thirdly,the Ruijin County of China with 370 landslides and 16 conditioning factors are used as study case.Three typical machine learning models,i.e.multilayer perceptron(MLP),support vector machine(SVM)and random forest(RF),are selected as LSP models.Finally,the LSP uncertainties are discussed and results show that:(1)The low-pass filter can effectively reduce the random errors in conditioning factors to decrease the LSP uncertainties.(2)With the proportions of random errors increasing from 5%to 20%,the LSP uncertainty increases continuously.(3)The original factors-based models are feasible for LSP in the absence of more accurate conditioning factors.(4)The influence degrees of two uncertainty issues,machine learning models and different proportions of random errors,on the LSP modeling are large and basically the same.(5)The Shapley values effectively explain the internal mechanism of machine learning model predicting landslide sus-ceptibility.In conclusion,greater proportion of random errors in conditioning factors results in higher LSP uncertainty,and low-pass filter can effectively reduce these random errors.

非共沸工质CO_(2)/R1234yf商超增压制冷系统性能分析

为满足商超制冷领域系统能效提升和制冷剂替代的需求,提出了非共沸工质CO_(2)/R1234yf商超增压制冷系统,通过建立热力学模型,与纯CO_(2)商超增压制冷系统进行对比。结果表明:CO_(2)/R1234yf商超增压制冷系统可在最优的CO_(2)质量分数(0.94)及最优排气压力(8.81 MPa)下获得最大COP(1.40);CO_(2)/R1234yf商超增压制冷系统COP与纯CO_(2)系统相比具有显著提升,环境温度为35℃时,提升7.25%;CO_(2)/R1234yf商超增压制冷系统APF提升率为2.68%~4.72%,系统APF随典型城市所处纬度的增加而增大。CO_(2)/R1234yf商超增压系统(火用)效率随CO_(2)质量分数的增加呈先增后减趋势,CO_(2)质量分数为0.95时获得最高(火用)效率,为0.18,相比纯CO_(2)系统提升4.62%。

Sparse Modal Decomposition Method Addressing Underdetermined Vortex-Induced Vibration Reconstruction Problem for Marine Risers

When investigating the vortex-induced vibration(VIV)of marine risers,extrapolating the dynamic response on the entire length based on limited sensor measurements is a crucial step in both laboratory experiments and fatigue monitoring of real risers.The problem is conventionally solved using the modal decomposition method,based on the principle that the response can be approximated by a weighted sum of limited vibration modes.However,the method is not valid when the problem is underdetermined,i.e.,the number of unknown mode weights is more than the number of known measurements.This study proposed a sparse modal decomposition method based on the compressed sensing theory and the Compressive Sampling Matching Pursuit(Co Sa MP)algorithm,exploiting the sparsity of VIV in the modal space.In the validation study based on high-order VIV experiment data,the proposed method successfully reconstructed the response using only seven acceleration measurements when the conventional methods failed.A primary advantage of the proposed method is that it offers a completely data-driven approach for the underdetermined VIV reconstruction problem,which is more favorable than existing model-dependent solutions for many practical applications such as riser structural health monitoring.

Numerical manifold method for thermo-mechanical coupling simulation of fractured rock mass

As a calculation method based on the Galerkin variation,the numerical manifold method(NMM)adopts a double covering system,which can easily deal with discontinuous deformation problems and has a high calculation accuracy.Aiming at the thermo-mechanical(TM)coupling problem of fractured rock masses,this study uses the NMM to simulate the processes of crack initiation and propagation in a rock mass under the influence of temperature field,deduces related system equations,and proposes a penalty function method to deal with boundary conditions.Numerical examples are employed to confirm the effectiveness and high accuracy of this method.By the thermal stress analysis of a thick-walled cylinder(TWC),the simulation of cracking in the TWC under heating and cooling conditions,and the simulation of thermal cracking of the SwedishÄspöPillar Stability Experiment(APSE)rock column,the thermal stress,and TM coupling are obtained.The numerical simulation results are in good agreement with the test data and other numerical results,thus verifying the effectiveness of the NMM in dealing with thermal stress and crack propagation problems of fractured rock masses.

A stable implicit nodal integration-based particle finite element method(N-PFEM)for modelling saturated soil dynamics

In this study,we present a novel nodal integration-based particle finite element method(N-PFEM)designed for the dynamic analysis of saturated soils.Our approach incorporates the nodal integration technique into a generalised Hellinger-Reissner(HR)variational principle,creating an implicit PFEM formulation.To mitigate the volumetric locking issue in low-order elements,we employ a node-based strain smoothing technique.By discretising field variables at the centre of smoothing cells,we achieve nodal integration over cells,eliminating the need for sophisticated mapping operations after re-meshing in the PFEM.We express the discretised governing equations as a min-max optimisation problem,which is further reformulated as a standard second-order cone programming(SOCP)problem.Stresses,pore water pressure,and displacements are simultaneously determined using the advanced primal-dual interior point method.Consequently,our numerical model offers improved accuracy for stresses and pore water pressure compared to the displacement-based PFEM formulation.Numerical experiments demonstrate that the N-PFEM efficiently captures both transient and long-term hydro-mechanical behaviour of saturated soils with high accuracy,obviating the need for stabilisation or regularisation techniques commonly employed in other nodal integration-based PFEM approaches.This work holds significant implications for the development of robust and accurate numerical tools for studying saturated soil dynamics.

An inverse analysis of fluid flow through granular media using differentiable lattice Boltzmann method

This study presents a method for the inverse analysis of fluid flow problems.The focus is put on accurately determining boundary conditions and characterizing the physical properties of granular media,such as permeability,and fluid components,like viscosity.The primary aim is to deduce either constant pressure head or pressure profiles,given the known velocity field at a steady-state flow through a conduit containing obstacles,including walls,spheres,and grains.The lattice Boltzmann method(LBM)combined with automatic differentiation(AD)(AD-LBM)is employed,with the help of the GPU-capable Taichi programming language.A lightweight tape is used to generate gradients for the entire LBM simulation,enabling end-to-end backpropagation.Our AD-LBM approach accurately estimates the boundary conditions for complex flow paths in porous media,leading to observed steady-state velocity fields and deriving macro-scale permeability and fluid viscosity.The method demonstrates significant advantages in terms of prediction accuracy and computational efficiency,making it a powerful tool for solving inverse fluid flow problems in various applications.