Precipitation projections over the Tibetan Plateau(TP)show diversity among existing studies,partly due to model uncertainty.How to develop a reliable projection remains inconclusive.Here,based on the IPCC AR6–assesse...Precipitation projections over the Tibetan Plateau(TP)show diversity among existing studies,partly due to model uncertainty.How to develop a reliable projection remains inconclusive.Here,based on the IPCC AR6–assessed likely range of equilibrium climate sensitivity(ECS)and the climatological precipitation performance,the authors constrain the CMIP6(phase 6 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project)model projection of summer precipitation and water availability over the TP.The best estimates of precipitation changes are 0.24,0.25,and 0.45 mm d^(−1)(5.9%,6.1%,and 11.2%)under the Shared Socioeconomic Pathway(SSP)scenarios of SSP1–2.6,SSP2–4.5,and SSP5–8.5 from 2050–2099 relative to 1965–2014,respectively.The corresponding constrained projections of water availability measured by precipitation minus evaporation(P–E)are 0.10,0.09,and 0.22 mm d^(−1)(5.7%,4.9%,and 13.2%),respectively.The increase of precipitation and P–E projected by the high-ECS models,whose ECS values are higher than the upper limit of the likely range,are about 1.7 times larger than those estimated by constrained projections.Spatially,there is a larger increase in precipitation and P–E over the eastern TP,while the western part shows a relatively weak difference in precipitation and a drier trend in P–E.The wetter TP projected by the high-ECS models resulted from both an approximately 1.2–1.4 times stronger hydrological sensitivity and additional warming of 0.6℃–1.2℃ under all three scenarios during 2050–2099.This study emphasizes that selecting climate models with climate sensitivity within the likely range is crucial to reducing the uncertainty in the projection of TP precipitation and water availability changes.展开更多
Spring consecutive rainfall events(CREs) are key triggers of geological hazards in the Three Gorges Reservoir area(TGR), China. However, previous projections of CREs based on the direct outputs of global climate model...Spring consecutive rainfall events(CREs) are key triggers of geological hazards in the Three Gorges Reservoir area(TGR), China. However, previous projections of CREs based on the direct outputs of global climate models(GCMs) are subject to considerable uncertainties, largely caused by their coarse resolution. This study applies a triple-nested WRF(Weather Research and Forecasting) model dynamical downscaling, driven by a GCM, MIROC6(Model for Interdisciplinary Research on Climate, version 6), to improve the historical simulation and reduce the uncertainties in the future projection of CREs in the TGR. Results indicate that WRF has better performances in reproducing the observed rainfall in terms of the daily probability distribution, monthly evolution and duration of rainfall events, demonstrating the ability of WRF in simulating CREs. Thus, the triple-nested WRF is applied to project the future changes of CREs under the middle-of-the-road and fossil-fueled development scenarios. It is indicated that light and moderate rainfall and the duration of continuous rainfall spells will decrease in the TGR, leading to a decrease in the frequency of CREs. Meanwhile, the duration, rainfall amount, and intensity of CREs is projected to regional increase in the central-west TGR. These results are inconsistent with the raw projection of MIROC6. Observational diagnosis implies that CREs are mainly contributed by the vertical moisture advection. Such a synoptic contribution is captured well by WRF, which is not the case in MIROC6,indicating larger uncertainties in the CREs projected by MIROC6.展开更多
患者,男性,58岁,乙型肝炎后肝硬化失代偿期、2型糖尿病12年,近1个月再发腹胀、水肿,尿少入院。住院期间患者寒战、发热,取血标本进行培养,选用头孢哌酮/舒巴坦经验性抗感染治疗。确诊非O1/O139霍乱弧菌引起的血流感染,药敏试验提示头孢...患者,男性,58岁,乙型肝炎后肝硬化失代偿期、2型糖尿病12年,近1个月再发腹胀、水肿,尿少入院。住院期间患者寒战、发热,取血标本进行培养,选用头孢哌酮/舒巴坦经验性抗感染治疗。确诊非O1/O139霍乱弧菌引起的血流感染,药敏试验提示头孢哌酮/舒巴坦敏感后,继续使用当前药物,头孢哌酮/舒巴坦由3 g q12h改为3 g q8h治疗。10 d后患者无发热,血培养和粪便霍乱弧菌培养阴性,好转出院。展开更多
Glutamatergic projection neurons generate sophisticated excitatory circuits to integrate and transmit information among different cortical areas,and between the neocortex and other regions of the brain and spinal cord...Glutamatergic projection neurons generate sophisticated excitatory circuits to integrate and transmit information among different cortical areas,and between the neocortex and other regions of the brain and spinal cord.Appropriate development of cortical projection neurons is regulated by certain essential events such as neural fate determination,proliferation,specification,differentiation,migration,survival,axonogenesis,and synaptogenesis.These processes are precisely regulated in a tempo-spatial manner by intrinsic factors,extrinsic signals,and neural activities.The generation of correct subtypes and precise connections of projection neurons is imperative not only to support the basic cortical functions(such as sensory information integration,motor coordination,and cognition)but also to prevent the onset and progression of neurodevelopmental disorders(such as intellectual disability,autism spectrum disorders,anxiety,and depression).This review mainly focuses on the recent progress of transcriptional regulations on the development and diversity of neocortical projection neurons and the clinical relevance of the failure of transcriptional modulations.展开更多
In this study,the vertical components of broadband teleseismic P wave data recorded by China Earthquake Network are used to image the rupture processes of the February 6th,2023 Turkish earthquake doublet via back proj...In this study,the vertical components of broadband teleseismic P wave data recorded by China Earthquake Network are used to image the rupture processes of the February 6th,2023 Turkish earthquake doublet via back projection analysis.Data in two frequency bands(0.5-2 Hz and 1-3 Hz)are used in the imaging processes.The results show that the rupture of the first event extends about 200 km to the northeast and about 150 km to the southwest,lasting~90 s in total.The southwestern rupture is triggered by the northeastern rupture,demonstrating a sequential bidirectional unilateral rupture pattern.The rupture of the second event extends approximately 80 km in both northeast and west directions,lasting~35 s in total and demonstrates a typical bilateral rupture feature.The cascading ruptures on both sides also reflect the occurrence of selective rupture behaviors on bifurcated faults.In addition,we observe super-shear ruptures on certain fault sections with relatively straight fault structures and sparse aftershocks.展开更多
This paper celebrates Professor Yongqi GAO's significant achievement in the field of interdisciplinary studies within the context of his final research project Arctic Climate Predictions: Pathways to Resilient Sus...This paper celebrates Professor Yongqi GAO's significant achievement in the field of interdisciplinary studies within the context of his final research project Arctic Climate Predictions: Pathways to Resilient Sustainable Societies-ARCPATH(https://www.svs.is/en/projects/finished-projects/arcpath). The disciplines represented in the project are related to climatology, anthropology, marine biology, economics, and the broad spectrum of social-ecological studies. Team members were drawn from the Nordic countries, Russia, China, the United States, and Canada. The project was transdisciplinary as well as interdisciplinary as it included collaboration with local knowledge holders. ARCPATH made significant contributions to Arctic research through an improved understanding of the mechanisms that drive climate variability in the Arctic. In tandem with this research, a combination of historical investigations and social, economic, and marine biological fieldwork was carried out for the project study areas of Iceland, Greenland, Norway, and the surrounding seas, with a focus on the joint use of ocean and sea-ice data as well as social-ecological drivers. ARCPATH was able to provide an improved framework for predicting the near-term variation of Arctic climate on spatial scales relevant to society, as well as evaluating possible related changes in socioeconomic realms. In summary, through the integration of information from several different disciplines and research approaches, ARCPATH served to create new and valuable knowledge on crucial issues, thus providing new pathways to action for Arctic communities.展开更多
文摘目的分析血清微小核糖核酸(micro RNA,miR)-139-5p,组蛋白去乙酰化酶4(histone deacetylase 4,HDAC4)和胶质纤维酸性蛋白(glialfibrillary acidic protein,GFAP)与新生儿缺氧缺血性脑病(hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy,HIE)脑损伤严重程度的关系。方法选取2017年1月~2022年3月广元市中心医院分娩的HIE新生儿72例为研究对象(研究组);同期健康的足月新生儿75例为对照组。实时荧光定量PCR检测血清中miR-139-5p,HDAC4表达水平。酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)检测血清GFAP水平。Logistic回归分析影响HIE患儿重度脑损伤发生的因素。结果与对照组相比,研究组血清GFAP(1.30±0.37ng/L vs 0.50±0.15ng/L),HDAC4相对表达水平(2.05±0.39 vs 1.02±0.21)升高,miR-139-5p相对表达水平(0.63±0.14 vs 1.01±0.22)和NBNA评分(33.20±1.43分vs 39.85±2.23分)降低,差异具有统计学意义(t=17.304,20.046,12.436,21.424,均P<0.05);与轻中度组相比,重度组血清GFAP(1.61±0.47ng/L vs 1.16±0.33ng/L),HDAC4(2.43±0.37 vs 1.87±0.40)相对表达水平升高,miR-139-5p相对表达水平(0.38±0.10 vs 0.74±0.16)和NBNA评分(30.52±1.54分vs 34.46±1.38分)降低,差异具有统计学意义(t=4.690,5.669,9.900,10.884,均P<0.05)。Logistic回归分析显示,miR-139-5p低表达,HDAC4高表达,低NBNA评分,低出生后1 min内Apgar评分是影响HIE患儿重度脑损伤发生的危险因素(Waldχ^(2)=5.772~6.969,OR=1.519~1.709,均P<0.05)。Pearson分析显示,血清miR-139-5p表达水平与GFAP,HDAC4呈负相关(r=-0.416,-0.579,均P<0.05),血清HDAC4表达水平与GFAP呈正相关(r=0.437,P<0.05)。Spearman分析显示,血清mi R-139-5p表达水平与NBNA评分、出生后1 min内Apgar评分、出生后5 min内Apgar评分呈正相关(r=0.398,0.367,0.348,均P<0.05);血清HDAC4表达水平与NBNA评分、出生后1 min内Apgar评分、出生后5 min内Apgar评分呈负相关(r=-0.364,-0.345,-0.332,均P<0.05)。结论HIE患儿血清中miR-139-5p表达降低,HDAC4表达升高,mi R-139-5p,HDAC4与HIE患儿脑损伤严重程度有关。
基金supported by the Second Tibetan Plateau Scientific Expedition and Research(STEP)program[grant number 2019QZKK0102]the Chinese Academy of Sciences[grant number 060GJHZ2023079GC].
文摘Precipitation projections over the Tibetan Plateau(TP)show diversity among existing studies,partly due to model uncertainty.How to develop a reliable projection remains inconclusive.Here,based on the IPCC AR6–assessed likely range of equilibrium climate sensitivity(ECS)and the climatological precipitation performance,the authors constrain the CMIP6(phase 6 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project)model projection of summer precipitation and water availability over the TP.The best estimates of precipitation changes are 0.24,0.25,and 0.45 mm d^(−1)(5.9%,6.1%,and 11.2%)under the Shared Socioeconomic Pathway(SSP)scenarios of SSP1–2.6,SSP2–4.5,and SSP5–8.5 from 2050–2099 relative to 1965–2014,respectively.The corresponding constrained projections of water availability measured by precipitation minus evaporation(P–E)are 0.10,0.09,and 0.22 mm d^(−1)(5.7%,4.9%,and 13.2%),respectively.The increase of precipitation and P–E projected by the high-ECS models,whose ECS values are higher than the upper limit of the likely range,are about 1.7 times larger than those estimated by constrained projections.Spatially,there is a larger increase in precipitation and P–E over the eastern TP,while the western part shows a relatively weak difference in precipitation and a drier trend in P–E.The wetter TP projected by the high-ECS models resulted from both an approximately 1.2–1.4 times stronger hydrological sensitivity and additional warming of 0.6℃–1.2℃ under all three scenarios during 2050–2099.This study emphasizes that selecting climate models with climate sensitivity within the likely range is crucial to reducing the uncertainty in the projection of TP precipitation and water availability changes.
基金funding from the NFR COMBINED (Grant No.328935)The BCPU hosted YZ visit to University of Bergen (Trond Mohn Foundation Grant No.BFS2018TMT01)+2 种基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (Grant No.2023YFA0805101)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos.42376250 and 41731177)a China Scholarship Council fellowship and the UTFORSK Partnership Program (CONNECTED UTF-2016-long-term/10030)。
文摘Spring consecutive rainfall events(CREs) are key triggers of geological hazards in the Three Gorges Reservoir area(TGR), China. However, previous projections of CREs based on the direct outputs of global climate models(GCMs) are subject to considerable uncertainties, largely caused by their coarse resolution. This study applies a triple-nested WRF(Weather Research and Forecasting) model dynamical downscaling, driven by a GCM, MIROC6(Model for Interdisciplinary Research on Climate, version 6), to improve the historical simulation and reduce the uncertainties in the future projection of CREs in the TGR. Results indicate that WRF has better performances in reproducing the observed rainfall in terms of the daily probability distribution, monthly evolution and duration of rainfall events, demonstrating the ability of WRF in simulating CREs. Thus, the triple-nested WRF is applied to project the future changes of CREs under the middle-of-the-road and fossil-fueled development scenarios. It is indicated that light and moderate rainfall and the duration of continuous rainfall spells will decrease in the TGR, leading to a decrease in the frequency of CREs. Meanwhile, the duration, rainfall amount, and intensity of CREs is projected to regional increase in the central-west TGR. These results are inconsistent with the raw projection of MIROC6. Observational diagnosis implies that CREs are mainly contributed by the vertical moisture advection. Such a synoptic contribution is captured well by WRF, which is not the case in MIROC6,indicating larger uncertainties in the CREs projected by MIROC6.
文摘患者,男性,58岁,乙型肝炎后肝硬化失代偿期、2型糖尿病12年,近1个月再发腹胀、水肿,尿少入院。住院期间患者寒战、发热,取血标本进行培养,选用头孢哌酮/舒巴坦经验性抗感染治疗。确诊非O1/O139霍乱弧菌引起的血流感染,药敏试验提示头孢哌酮/舒巴坦敏感后,继续使用当前药物,头孢哌酮/舒巴坦由3 g q12h改为3 g q8h治疗。10 d后患者无发热,血培养和粪便霍乱弧菌培养阴性,好转出院。
基金supported by Guangdong Provincial Basic and Applied Basic Research Fund,No.2021A1515011299(to KT)。
文摘Glutamatergic projection neurons generate sophisticated excitatory circuits to integrate and transmit information among different cortical areas,and between the neocortex and other regions of the brain and spinal cord.Appropriate development of cortical projection neurons is regulated by certain essential events such as neural fate determination,proliferation,specification,differentiation,migration,survival,axonogenesis,and synaptogenesis.These processes are precisely regulated in a tempo-spatial manner by intrinsic factors,extrinsic signals,and neural activities.The generation of correct subtypes and precise connections of projection neurons is imperative not only to support the basic cortical functions(such as sensory information integration,motor coordination,and cognition)but also to prevent the onset and progression of neurodevelopmental disorders(such as intellectual disability,autism spectrum disorders,anxiety,and depression).This review mainly focuses on the recent progress of transcriptional regulations on the development and diversity of neocortical projection neurons and the clinical relevance of the failure of transcriptional modulations.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2022YFF0800601)National Scientific Foundation of China(Nos.41930103 and 41774047).
文摘In this study,the vertical components of broadband teleseismic P wave data recorded by China Earthquake Network are used to image the rupture processes of the February 6th,2023 Turkish earthquake doublet via back projection analysis.Data in two frequency bands(0.5-2 Hz and 1-3 Hz)are used in the imaging processes.The results show that the rupture of the first event extends about 200 km to the northeast and about 150 km to the southwest,lasting~90 s in total.The southwestern rupture is triggered by the northeastern rupture,demonstrating a sequential bidirectional unilateral rupture pattern.The rupture of the second event extends approximately 80 km in both northeast and west directions,lasting~35 s in total and demonstrates a typical bilateral rupture feature.The cascading ruptures on both sides also reflect the occurrence of selective rupture behaviors on bifurcated faults.In addition,we observe super-shear ruptures on certain fault sections with relatively straight fault structures and sparse aftershocks.
基金the Nord Forsk-funded Nordic Centre of Excellence project (Award 766654) Arctic Climate Predictions: Pathways to Resilient,Sustainable Societies (ARCPATH)National Science Foundation Award 212786 Synthesizing Historical Sea-Ice Records to Constrain and Understand Great Sea-Ice Anomalies (ICEHIST) PI Martin MILES,Co-PI Astrid OGILVIE+12 种基金American-Scandinavian Foundation Award Whales and Ice: Marine-mammal subsistence use in times of famine in Iceland ca.A.D.1600–1900 (ICEWHALE),PI Astrid OGILVIESocial Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada Award 435-2018-0194 Northern Knowledge for Resilience,Sustainable Environments and Adaptation in Coastal Communities (NORSEACC),PI Leslie KING,Co-PI,Astrid OGILVIEToward Just,Ethical and Sustainable Arctic Economies,Environments and Societies (JUSTNORTH).EU H2020 (https://www.svs.is/en/ projects/ongoing-projects/justnorth-2020-2023)INTO THE OCEANIC by Elizabeth OGILVIE and Robert PAGE (https://www.intotheo ceanic.org/introduction)Proxy Assimilation for Reconstructing Climate and Improving Model (PARCIM) funded by the Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research,led by Fran?ois COUNILLON,PI Noel KEENLYSIDEAccelerated Arctic and Tibetan Plateau Warming: Processes and Combined Impact on Eurasian Climate (COMBINED),Research Council of Norway (Grant No.328935),Led by Noel KEENLYSIDEArven etter Nansen programme (the Nansen Legacy Project),Research Council of Norway (Grant No.276730),PI Noel KEENLYSIDEBjerknes Climate Prediction Unit,funded by Trond Mohn Foundation (Grant BFS2018TMT01) Centre for Research-based Innovation Climate Futures,Research Council of Norway (Grant No.309562),PIs Noel KEENLYSIDE,Francois COUNILLONDeveloping and Advancing Seasonal Predictability of Arctic Sea Ice (4ICE),Research Council of Norway (Grant No.254765),PI Francois COUNILLONTropical and South Atlantic Climate-Based Marine Ecosystem Prediction for Sustainable Management (TRIATLAS) European Union Horizon 2020 (Grant No.817578),led by Noel KEENLYSIDE,PI Fran?ois COUNILLONImpetus4Change,European Union Horizon Europe (Grant No.101081555),PIs Noel KEENLYSIDE,Fran?ois COUNILLONLaboratory for Climate Predictability,Russian Megagrant funded by Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation (Agreement No.075-15-2021-577),led by Noel KEENLYSIDE,PI Segey GULEVRapid Arctic Environmental Changes: Implications for Well-Being,Resilience and Evolution of Arctic Communities (RACE),Belmont Forum (RCN Grant No.312017),PIs Sergey GULEV and Noel KEENLYSIDE。
文摘This paper celebrates Professor Yongqi GAO's significant achievement in the field of interdisciplinary studies within the context of his final research project Arctic Climate Predictions: Pathways to Resilient Sustainable Societies-ARCPATH(https://www.svs.is/en/projects/finished-projects/arcpath). The disciplines represented in the project are related to climatology, anthropology, marine biology, economics, and the broad spectrum of social-ecological studies. Team members were drawn from the Nordic countries, Russia, China, the United States, and Canada. The project was transdisciplinary as well as interdisciplinary as it included collaboration with local knowledge holders. ARCPATH made significant contributions to Arctic research through an improved understanding of the mechanisms that drive climate variability in the Arctic. In tandem with this research, a combination of historical investigations and social, economic, and marine biological fieldwork was carried out for the project study areas of Iceland, Greenland, Norway, and the surrounding seas, with a focus on the joint use of ocean and sea-ice data as well as social-ecological drivers. ARCPATH was able to provide an improved framework for predicting the near-term variation of Arctic climate on spatial scales relevant to society, as well as evaluating possible related changes in socioeconomic realms. In summary, through the integration of information from several different disciplines and research approaches, ARCPATH served to create new and valuable knowledge on crucial issues, thus providing new pathways to action for Arctic communities.
