Analysis on the Climatic Characteristics of Temperature in "24 Solar Terms" in Liaoning Province

[Objective] The aim was to analyze the climatic characteristics of temperature in '24 solar terms' in Liaoning Province.[Method] Based on the daily temperature data from 56 stations in Liaoning Province from 1951 to 2009,the climatic characteristics of temperature in '24 solar terms' in Liaoning Province in recent 59 years were analyzed.[Result] The time series of average temperature in '24 solar terms' in Liaoning Province showed quasi normal distribution from 1951 to 2009,namely single peak type.Great Heat meant the hottest time within one year,and next came Slight Heat,while Slight Cold was the coldest time within one year,and Great Cold took the second place.Among 24 solar terms,temperature increased most obviously in Tomb-sweeping Day,with the increase of 4.9 ℃,while temperature decreased most greatly in the Beginning of Winter,with the decrease of 5.1 ℃.There was obvious decadal variation in average temperature in Slight Heat,Great Heat,Slight Cold,Great Cold and the End of Heat which were closely related to temperature,and average temperature went up with time.From 1951-1980 to 1981-2009,average temperature in 22 solar terms showed increase trend,and there was no change in one solar term,while average temperature in one solar term decreased slightly,and average temperature in 24 solar terms increased by 0.66 ℃.[Conclusion] The study could provide scientific reference for meteorological service.

Life Nurturing in the Illustrated Daoyin of the 24 Solar Terms(二十四节气)

China’s“24 Solar Terms”,known as the fifth invention after China’s hour Major Inventions,is a knowledge system and social practice formed through observations of the sun’s annual motion,and cognition of the year’s changes in season,climate and phenology.More and more people in the world have been eager to know more about it since UNESCO inscribed Chinas“24 Solar Terms”on the Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity in 2016.As a way of nurturing life,the Illustrated Daoyin of the 24 Solar Terms includes twenty-four exercise forms,corresponding to the 24 solar terms respectively,which reflects the significant idea of complying with the law of yin-yang changes in the universe.It presents a series of sitting and standing exercises designed to prevent diseases that occur during seasonal changes throughout the year.The ancient Chinese wisdom of time and life nurturing has been witnessed in China’s“24 Solar Terms”and“Illustrated Daoyin of the 24 Solar Terms”This article aims to arouse readers’concern and interest in life nurturing by introducing how to do all the exercises presented by the Illustrated Daoyin of the 24 Solar Terms,which is helpful to the prevention and cure of diseases as well as good for health.

Luoxia Hong and 24 Solar Terms and Their Translations

Up to now,there are few academic studies on the great astronomer,Luoxia Hong and the English translation of the 24 Solar Terms.Through the study of Luoxia Hong and the 24 Solar Terms and their English translations,this paper aims to,firstly,further reconfirm the historical status of Luoxia Hong and secondly,make a comparative study of the different translation versions of 24 Solar Terms from the perspective of translation studies,so that more people,home and abroad,can get more familiar with the historical and cultural celebrity Luoxia Hong and traditional Chinese culture.

Cultural Structure of Solar Terms and Traditional Festivals

Solar terms and festivals differ from and relate to each other in terms of application scope and cultural structure.The cultural association and application of the 24 Solar Terms are studied in the areas including philosophy,farming and society,and are exhibited in the natural convergence of views on space and time,life and customs,as well as the facilitation of agricultural practice.The connotations of traditional Chinese festivals concern basic areas such as beliefs,rites,language,symbols,diets and art,which are exhibited in the co-existent "festival tokens," "festival events," "festival messages," "festival symbols," "festival food" and "festival art forms." Festivals feature fixed and periodic occurrence and multi-channel cultural inheritance.

Influence of Lunar Activities on the Twenty-four Solar Terms

Twenty four solar terms is a knowledge system formed by the ancients through long-term observation of the annual activities of the sun.Although it roughly reveals the changing rules of seasons,climate and phenology in a year,and reflects the influence of the sun on the earth’s climate change on a large scale,because the ancients ignored the influence of the moon’s activities on the earth’s climate change on a small scale,the 24 solar terms they summarized often can not accurately predict the earth's climate change.In order to make the 24 solar terms reflect not only the influence of the sun on the earth's climate change on a large scale,but also the influence of the moon's activities on the earth's climate change on a small scale,we must refer to the key time nodes of the moon's activities to divide the 24 solar terms.That is to say,the first day(the seventh or twenty second day of the lunar calendar)after the“Greater Cold”of the old year should be set as the“Beginning of Spring”of the new year,and then the day after half a month should be the next solar term,which is the first day of the moon’s next visit to the Antarctic or the Arctic,and so on.In this way,the 24 solar terms are consistent with the key nodes of lunar activities,and can accurately predict the changes of the earth's climate.

The Origin and Significance of the Twenty-Four Solar Terms in China

The "Twenty-Four Solar Terms" is an integrated knowledge system and functional social practice initiated and developed by ancient Chinese. Appling to their daily lives and agricultural production, based on records of the periodic motions of the sun, this knowledge system echoes seasonal and climate changes, phenological variation and reflects the features of ancient agricultural activities. As a comprehensive demonstration of their lives and production, it is a phenomenal achievement thanks to the ancient Chinese people's experience and wisdom. The "Twenty-Four Solar Terms" is also a cultural phenomenon unique to China, geographic location, the Yellow River Basin being at a mid-latitude zone with distinctive seasonal climate changes; its long-existing agrarian tradition, advanced agricultural philosophy and a harmonious lifestyle. In the meantime, while China's superior knowledge on astronomy made its formation technically possible, the "agriculture first" governmental policy and the "prefectures and counties" administrative system, introduced by governors from Qin and Han Dynasties, cultivated its formation institutionally. Besides, the "Twenty-Four Solar Terms" is the outcome of the harmonious civilization progress and traditional Chinese culture, which is different from Western Europe's aggressive and predatory industrial expansion. The "Twenty-Four Solar Terms" is still of great cultural and practical significance in China even today. It highlights the "unity of mankind and nature" philosophy and serves as another signature symbol of the Chinese culture. While China is more and more engaging in international affairs, the "Twenty-Four Solar Terms" facilitates the rest of the world to understand China from another angle.

Research on the Translation of Chinese Twenty-Four Solar Terms: A Skopos Theory Perspective

In the current era of rapid development, excellent culture needs to be inherited and spread to the world. Therefore, it is essential to consider the translation of the 24 solar terms. China persists in the principle of the Belt and Road Initiative, adheres to the guidance of Chinese traditional excellent culture goes global, and enhances the influence of Chinese culture on the words, the culture of the words communicating and developing constantly. This paper analyzes and compares translations of different versions, explores the necessity of translation strategies for translation, then summaries the translation strategy, ultimately figures out the development space, ted texts and promote the exchange of Chinese and foreign cultures.

Long Term Assessment of a Grid Connected Solar PV System in Sydney

This paper assesses 4 years of operation of a 1.75 kW roof top solar PV system installed in a Sydney suburban house. The system consists of 10 PV panels, a DC/AC inverter, and a grid connected gross meter. Solar electricity delivered to grid is verified with the results from a computer simulation package （PVSYST） by adopting the installed component specifications, operation conditions, and weather data of the site. The results show high consistency between the values of energy delivered to the grid measured by the energy company and the energy estimated by system simulation. New system performance indicator is developed and called the optimum performance compliance ratio （PCR）. It is a measure of the compliance of the output of the designed PV system with the output which would be produced by the same system with a solar tracker. This indicator provides system designers, contractors and energy providers with the actual capacity of the system that they can offer the end-users.

Decision Technique of Solar Radiation Prediction Applying Recurrent Neural Network for Short-Term Ahead Power Output of Photovoltaic System

In recent years, introduction of a renewable energy source such as solar energy is expected. However, solar radiation is not constant and power output of photovoltaic (PV) system is influenced by weather conditions. It is difficult for getting to know accurate power output of PV system. In order to forecast the power output of PV system as accurate as possible, this paper proposes a decision technique of forecasting model for short-term-ahead power output of PV system based on solar radiation prediction. Application of Recurrent Neural Network (RNN) is shown for solar radiation prediction in this paper. The proposed method in this paper does not require complicated calculation, but mathematical model with only useful weather data. The validity of the proposed RNN is confirmed by comparing simulation results of solar radiation forecasting with that obtained from other

Photometric and Statistical Analysis of Solar Energetic Particle (SEP) for the Peak of Solar Cycle 24

The major solar energetic particle events for the peak of solar cycle (24) for years (2012-2015) are analyzed by using the Energetic and Relativistic Nucleus and Electrons (ERNE) detectors and Large Angle and Spectrometric Coronagraph Experiment (LASCO) on board SOHO. It is found that the number of events which satisfies the required condition was 82 events. LASCO give information about Central Position Angle (CPA), Angular Width (AW), the speed of associated Coronal Mass Ejections (CMEs) and their basic features which cataloged in a data base SOHO/LASCO. The logarithmic intensity-time profile of SEP for the peak of solar cycle (24) was provided by ERNE, and from this profile the injection time, width, speed and onset time were estimated. All results that arise from these photometric analysis were statistically analyzed by using the statistical program SPSS (version 19). It have been concluded that 90% of these events were halo (360°) CPA, 1% of North West, 4% South West and 2% North East and South East, as well as it was found that 39% gradual events and 29% impulsive events while 32% were not clear events, and also the acceleration of the energetic particle is not only in the interplanetary but also in the location of the event. We found from the statistical analysis for these events that the acceleration is inversely proportional to speed and the relationship between them is not relevant and also the speed increase in two regions, from year 2012 and 2014. This confirms that the peak of solar cycle (24) really is double peak. All these investigations were employed as data base for the space agencies to protect the solar wind.

基于“24节气”的庆阳水热资源变化及农业响应分析

为了全面掌握庆阳水热资源变化规律,提高气象预报水平和指导农事生产活动能力,利用庆阳市8县区1971—2020年24节气的最高、最低、平均气温及降水量资料,采用线性趋势、多项式函数、相关分析、t检验等方法,研究基于24节气的庆阳市气候变化规律及响应特征。结果表明,24节气中最高、最低、平均气温均呈上升趋势且呈准正态单峰型分布,其中大暑、小暑节气温度最高,温度升温趋势最显著;春、秋季型节气间温度变幅和温度日较差偏大,其中清明和立冬是气温波动最大的两个节气,这与庆阳早、晚霜冻活动期一致;物候型节气惊蛰、清明、小满、芒种气温均呈波动性上升,标志着不同农业生产期的开始,白露过后暑气渐消,霜降节气天气渐凉,标志着进入越冬期,清明-霜降为庆阳的农耕期。24节气中降水量呈单峰型波动分布,一年中立春-大暑降水量逐渐增加,最大值出现在立秋节气;谷雨-寒露节气是降水量最多时段,约占全年总降水量的87%,大致与农耕期同步;处暑-大寒节气降水量逐渐减少,最小值出现在冬至;夏季型节气降水量增加最快,秋季型节气降水量减少最快。总体而言,热量资源增加,降水波动增加,雨热同季有利于农业发展;但降水量季节分布极为不均,作物生长关键期的降水不确定性增加了干旱风险。研究结果对指导庆阳市农业生产有重要的现实意义。

Long-Term Visibility Trends in the Riyadh Megacity, Central Arabian Peninsula and Their Possible Link to Solar Activity

In this study, atmospheric visibility (AV) data from Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (24.91˚N, 46.41˚E, 760 m), for the period 1976-2011 were utilized to investigate the interannual, monthly, and seasonal AV variations and trends. The magnitudes of these trends were characterized and tested using mann-kendall (MK) rank statistics at different significance levels. No significant trend in AV was observed during the 36-year period. However, a significant increase in the annual mean AV by 0.24 km per year for the period between 1976 and 1999 was found. For the period 1999-2011, AV decreased significantly by 0.16 km per year. The potential effects of air temperature and relative humidity on AV were investigated. While these two variables could explain the observed trend of AV over some periods, they failed to do so for the whole study period. To search for extraterrestrial causes for long-term AV variations, correlation analyses between the time series of cosmic ray (CR) data (measured by NM and muon detector) and solar activity (represented by sunspot number) and AV were conducted and showed that these two variables are able to explain the AV variations for the whole study period. Additionally, power spectra analyses were conducted to investigate periodicities in the AV time series. Several significant periodicities, such as 9.8, 5.2, 2.2, 1.7, and 1.3 years were recognized. The obtained periodicities were similar to those reported by several investigators and found in solar, interplanetary, and CR parameters. The spectral and correlation results suggested that, with the expected effects of terrestrial and meteorological conditions on AV, long-term AV variations can also be related to the solar activity and associated CR modulations.

辽宁省“24节气”气温的气候特征分析

[目的]分析辽宁省＂24节气＂气温的气候特征。[方法]采用辽宁省56个测站1951~2009年的逐日气温资料,统计分析了辽宁近59年＂24节气＂气温的气候特征。[结果]辽宁24个节气平均气温的时间序列呈准正态分布单峰型,大暑是全年最热的节气,小暑节气次之;小寒是全年最冷的节气,大寒节气次之。辽宁24个节气中的升温幅度最大的是清明节气,气温的节气变量为4.9℃,降温幅度最大是立冬节气,气温的节气变量为-5.1℃。与气温关系密切的小暑、大暑、小寒、大寒、处暑节气的平均气温有明显的年代际变化特征,且随着时间变化均呈先低后高的趋势。1951~1980年各节气平均气温与1981~2009年的相比,有22个节气平均气温上升,1个节气平均气温持平,仅有1个节气略有下降,节气平均气温升幅是0.66℃。[结论]该研究为气象服务提供科学依据。

惠州凹陷西江24-3油田韩江组-珠江组高分辨层序地层分析

根据高分辨层序地层学原理,在西江24-3油田韩江组-珠江组识别出了两个长期和四个中期旋回,并对工区内长中短期基准面旋回和结构特征及分布进行了详细的描述。在高分辨层序地层划分对比的基础上,建立了韩江组-珠江组高分辨等时地层格架,分析了沉积演化过程和生储盖组合规律。

24节气内乌鲁木齐10号泉水体细菌群落结构变化

为了解乌鲁木齐10号泉水体细菌群落结构及多样性在24节气内的变化,选取24节气当天采集泉水样品(计24份),利用末端限制性片段长度多态性(T-RFLP)技术对其进行群落结构及多样性分析,并结合该泉地球水文化学指标进行典型相关性分析。结果表明:泉水细菌群落的香农指数(H)变化幅度较大(1.088—3.003),春季(立春至谷雨)样品呈现出明显的波动趋势,并在惊蛰时达到最低值(1.088),夏季(立夏至大暑)和秋季(立秋至霜降)样品在节气内出现类似的递增趋势,冬季(立冬至大寒)样品则保持在较低水平(≈1.761);辛普森指数(D)和均匀度指数(E)在24节气内变化的差异不显著。24节气的泉水细菌群落组成主要有厚壁菌门、拟杆菌门、放线菌门、变形菌门及梭杆菌门,此外,还有少量隶属于蓝藻门、螺旋体门、异常球菌-栖热菌门、绿菌门、柔膜菌门和硝化螺菌门等的类群存在于某些特定的节气中;春夏季节革兰氏阴性菌为优势类群,秋冬季节,革兰氏阳性菌为优势类群;硫氧化菌类群(Acidithiobacillus、Thiothrix)和硫还原菌群落(Desulfobacter、Desulfoluna)的存在,与10号泉的含硫特性相关。通过对各项地球水文化学指标的分析显示,电导率、水汞、甲烷、硫化物在各节气的波动最为剧烈;乌鲁木齐10号泉水体细菌群落组成随24节气更替存在一定变化并与地球水文化学指标相关。

邯郸市24节气的气候特征分析

24节气是我国劳动人民独创的文化遗产,它能反映季节的变化,指导农事活动,影响着千家万户的衣食住行。利用邯郸市气象观测站1971-2010年共计40 a的逐日历史气温、日照、降水量资料,对邯郸市24节气的气候特征进行了分析,结果发现:邯郸市24节气平均气温呈正态分布;全年中最热的节气是大暑,最冷的节气是小寒;24节气中升温幅度最大的是春分(0.31℃.d-1),降温幅度最大的是立冬(-0.31℃.d-1);相邻节气之间,清明升温最快,较前一节气平均气温升高4.6℃,立冬降温最快,较前一节气下降4.9℃;平均日照时数最长的是小满(8.7h),最短的是冬至(4.4 h);大暑平均降水量最大,为95.4 mm,小寒最小,仅为1.4 mm。

北京市主要天气敏感性疾病发病与流行的24节气特征分析和预报模型构建

利用北京市2009-2011年疾病数据和同期气象资料,从24节气的角度分析了北京市近年来上呼吸道感染、支气管炎和脑梗死的发病与流行时间变化特征,发现呼吸系统疾病的发病受干冷空气影响较大,体现了以冷效应为主的特征,春季此类疾病的发病人数明显减少;循环系统疾病发病峰值期的出现,主要是秋末冬初冷暖空气频繁交替所致,与气温的变化幅度与频次密切相关.两种疾病发病的气象成因有一定差异,建立了北京市相关天气敏感性疾病发病的逐月预报方程,分别进行了回代检验和试预报检验,结果表明,回代检验中3种疾病的逐月预报方程均较好的反映了当天的患病人数;试预报结果不如回代检验的结果,且呈现夏季暖湿天气条件下呼吸系统疾病发病人数最少,干冷的冬季及粉尘较多的春季为呼吸系统疾病流行高发期的季节变化特征.预报方程在描述呼吸系统疾病发病高峰期时在数值上存在一定偏差,说明发病高峰期并不仅仅与气象因子有关,可能还受环境、空气污染及社会因素等影响.构建的逐月预报方程充分考虑了疾病发病的滞后效应和周末效应,利用了扩展后的368个气象因子进行优化筛选,充分体现了主控因子的主导作用,能够对相关天气敏感性疾病发病情况做出较好预报.

基于24节气暨农耕文化传承教育的实践探索

针对大学生开展24节气暨农耕文化传承教育,不仅能弘扬和传承国家非物质文化遗产,而且还能拓展大学生思想政治教育载体和内涵,实现大学生思想政治教育的生活化和亲情化,有效提升思想政治教育工作的亲和力、向心力、凝聚力和感染力。本文介绍了24节气暨农耕文化传承教育的研究背景、实施路径、成效与启示,旨在为开展节气暨农耕文化教育提供借鉴参考。

1961～2010年黄河中下游地区24节气气候变化特征分析

24节气是我国古代劳动人民的独特创造。全面掌握“24节气”的气候变化规律，不但有利于指导农事生产，提高气象服务质量和水平，而且在为人类预防和治疗疾病方面也有重要意义。在全球变暖的气候背景下，统计分析了1961～2010年黄河中下游地区24节气的气温、湿度、风速等6个气象要素的变化特征，得到以下结论：黄河中下游地区随节气变换气候变化显著，大暑、小暑节气高温高湿，小寒、大寒节气寒冷干燥，清明节气寒温反复大风将至，霜降节气天气渐凉秋燥加剧等。50年内，春季型节气（平均、最高、最低）气温显著升高，冬季型节气最低气温升高显著。气压随节气变化特征与气温大致相反，夏、秋季节气有升压趋势。相对湿度与降水均呈减少趋势，以秋季型节气减小趋势最明显。春季风速最大，夏、秋季风速最小，所有节气风速均呈减小趋势，冬夏季节气日照时间呈缩短趋势。

第24太阳活动周地球附近磁云与非磁云事件的统计分析

为研究第24太阳活动周中磁云(Magnetic Clouds,MC)与非磁云(Non-Magnetic Clouds,non-MC)的等离子体性质及其对空间天气的影响,使用1 AU处的观测数据对2008—2015年168个ICME事件进行统计与分析,其中认证出磁云事件68个,占总数的40.48%.通过分析磁云与非磁云等离子体参数对空间天气环境的影响及与太阳活动的关系,整体性质的对比及在第23和24太阳活动周中性质的对比,可以发现:在第24太阳周中,磁云引起的磁暴强度普遍大于非磁云,南北向磁场分量是引起磁暴的重要参数;磁云数和太阳黑子数有很好的相关性,非磁云数与行星际日冕物质抛射总数及黑子数的相关性稍弱,磁云数在太阳周的不同阶段表现出不同的分布特性;磁云的磁场强度和南向磁场分量整体强于非磁云,两者质子温度、密度等参数差异不大.第24周磁云事件引起的地磁效应整体上弱于第23周磁云事件,这与第24周磁云事件最大南向磁场分量、传播速度以及质子温度整体小于第23周磁云事件有关.