Comprehensive analysis of advanced glycation end-products in commonly consumed foods:presenting a database for dietary AGEs and associated exposure assessment

Advanced glycation end-products(AGEs)are a group of heterogeneous compounds formed in heatprocessed foods and are proven to be detrimental to human health.Currently,there is no comprehensive database for AGEs in foods that covers the entire range of food categories,which limits the accurate risk assessment of dietary AGEs in human diseases.In this study,we first established an isotope dilution UHPLCQq Q-MS/MS-based method for simultaneous quantification of 10 major AGEs in foods.The contents of these AGEs were detected in 334 foods covering all main groups consumed in Western and Chinese populations.Nε-Carboxymethyllysine,methylglyoxal-derived hydroimidazolone isomers,and glyoxal-derived hydroimidazolone-1 are predominant AGEs found in most foodstuffs.Total amounts of AGEs were high in processed nuts,bakery products,and certain types of cereals and meats(>150 mg/kg),while low in dairy products,vegetables,fruits,and beverages(<40 mg/kg).Assessment of estimated daily intake implied that the contribution of food groups to daily AGE intake varied a lot under different eating patterns,and selection of high-AGE foods leads to up to a 2.7-fold higher intake of AGEs through daily meals.The presented AGE database allows accurate assessment of dietary exposure to these glycotoxins to explore their physiological impacts on human health.

Food Microbiology and Safety 实验课的教改探索

该文作者所在大学与新西兰梅西大学合作开展了食品科学与工程专业国际化培养本科教育项目,全英文课程Food Microbiology and Safety是该项目的核心课程之一。该实验课以应用性为前提,以课程思政为引领,强调食品微生物学与食品安全学的融合,中外师资合作开展了系列教学探索与实践。课程设计以食品产品和食品生产为情境,以微生物安全为话题,模拟真实生产场景,丰富内涵和拓展外延;自主设计实验激发主观能动性、自主规划进程锻炼统筹能力、线上资源平台支撑自主学习与评价、随机分组培养团队合作能力。实践表明,课程有效实现了食品微生物学与食品安全学的有机融合,目标驱动型实验教学过程更利于激发学生的主动性,大量综合性和设计性实验提高了课程的两性一度。与同期对照班级相比,该项目所培养学生具有更强的专业素养和实践能力,为食品专业其他实验课程的教学改革提供了参考。

Relevance of Advanced Plant Disease Detection Techniques in Disease and Pest Management for Ensuring Food Security and Their Implication: A Review

Plant diseases and pests present significant challenges to global food security, leading to substantial losses in agricultural productivity and threatening environmental sustainability. As the world’s population grows, ensuring food availability becomes increasingly urgent. This review explores the significance of advanced plant disease detection techniques in disease and pest management for enhancing food security. Traditional plant disease detection methods often rely on visual inspection and are time-consuming and subjective. This leads to delayed interventions and ineffective control measures. However, recent advancements in remote sensing, imaging technologies, and molecular diagnostics offer powerful tools for early and precise disease detection. Big data analytics and machine learning play pivotal roles in analyzing vast and complex datasets, thus accurately identifying plant diseases and predicting disease occurrence and severity. We explore how prompt interventions employing advanced techniques enable more efficient disease control and concurrently minimize the environmental impact of conventional disease and pest management practices. Furthermore, we analyze and make future recommendations to improve the precision and sensitivity of current advanced detection techniques. We propose incorporating eco-evolutionary theories into research to enhance the understanding of pathogen spread in future climates and mitigate the risk of disease outbreaks. We highlight the need for a science-policy interface that works closely with scientists, policymakers, and relevant intergovernmental organizations to ensure coordination and collaboration among them, ultimately developing effective disease monitoring and management strategies needed for securing sustainable food production and environmental well-being.

Food microbiology theory teaching exploration

With the disciplinary development and teaching programs, were choiced of teaching content in food microbiology theoretical teaching. The content in Food microbiology multimedia teaching were analyzed. Through the teaching ideas, combined with the human physiological and multimedia features, were made Multimedia. In the teaching, inspired, strengthen the cultivation of students＇ innovative thinking.

Microbiological Evaluation of Prepared/Cooked Foods in a HACCP Environment

In the production of safe food, a multitude of factors and elements along the food chain are involved. For this study we have established three factors relative to the food that have the possibility of influence on its microbiology content: basic ingredients, conservation time in refrigeration and handling degree. In the samples we looked forward three types of germens: warning, witness and pathogen. We did not find significant differences in the groups considered with regard to the variable of reference.

Advanced glycation end product signaling and metabolic complications:Dietary approach

Advanced glycation end products(AGEs)are a heterogeneous collection of compounds formed during industrial processing and home cooking through a sequence of nonenzymatic glycation reactions.The modern western diet is full of heat-treated foods that contribute to AGE intake.Foods high in AGEs in the contemporary diet include processed cereal products.Due to industrialization and marketing strategies,restaurant meals are modified rather than being traditionally or conventionally cooked.Fried,grilled,baked,and boiled foods have the greatest AGE levels.Higher AGE-content foods include dry nuts,roasted walnuts,sunflower seeds,fried chicken,bacon,and beef.Animal proteins and processed plant foods contain furosine,acrylamide,heterocyclic amines,and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural.Furosine(2-furoil-methyl-lysine)is an amino acid found in cooked meat products and other processed foods.High concentrations of carboxymethyl-lysine,carboxyethyl-lysine,and methylglyoxal-O are found in heat-treated nonvegetarian foods,peanut butter,and cereal items.Increased plasma levels of AGEs,which are harmful chemicals that lead to age-related diseases and physiological aging,diabetes,and autoimmune/inflammatory rheumatic diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus and rheumatoid arthritis.AGEs in the pathophysiology of metabolic diseases have been linked to individuals with diabetes mellitus who have peripheral nerves with high amounts of AGEs and diabetes has been linked to increased myelin glycation.Insulin resistance and hyperglycemia can impact numerous human tissues and organs,leading to long-term difficulties in a number of systems and organs,including the cardiovascular system.Plasma AGE levels are linked to all-cause mortality in individuals with diabetes who have fatal or nonfatal coronary artery disease,such as ventricular dysfunction.High levels of tissue AGEs are independently associated with cardiac systolic dysfunction in diabetic patients with heart failure compared with diabetic patients without heart failure.It is widely recognized that AGEs and oxidative stress play a key role in the cardiovascular complications of diabetes because they both influence and are impacted by oxidative stress.All chronic illnesses involve protein,lipid,or nucleic acid modifications including crosslinked and nondegradable aggregates known as AGEs.Endogenous AGE formation or dietary AGE uptake can result in additional protein modifications and stimulation of several inflammatory signaling pathways.Many of these systems,however,require additional explanation because they are not entirely obvious.This review summarizes the current evidence regarding dietary sources of AGEs and metabolism-related complications associated with AGEs.

Microbiological Contamination and Disinfection Procedures of Kitchen Sponges used in Food Services

Kitchen sponges continue to be heavily used in Brazilian food services, even though they may be very contaminated. The objective of this study was to evaluate the microbiological contamination and the efficacy of two procedures for the disinfection of kitchen sponges used in Brazilian food services. Eighty sponges were collected from food services and then analyzed for the quantification heterotrophic microorganisms (HM), fecal coliforms (CF), Staphylococcus coagulase-positive (SA) microorganisms and to the investigation of the presence of Salmonella sp. (SAM). After that, the sponges were disinfected, separately, by either boiling water for five minutes or immersed in 200ppm sodium hypochlorite, for 10 minutes, added to a rinse with potable water. The results showed that sponges presented HM counts between 3.4 and 10.4 log CFU/sponge, with an average of 9.1 log CFU/sponge, and 76.25% of them presented CF with average counts of 8.4 log CFU/sponge. SA and SAM were found in 2.5% of samples. Both disinfection procedures were able to significantly reduce the bacterial counts, but the boiling method showed a greater reduction (99.9999%) than the method of disinfection by 200 ppm sodium hypochlorite (99.9%). Based on the results it was possible to conclude that kitchen sponges can be very contaminated, but simple disinfection procedure can be applied to significantly reduce the microbial contamination.

Microbial profile of some ready-to-cook frozen food items sold in Dhaka city,Bangladesh

This study aimed to assess the microbiological quality of 159 animal-and plant-based ready-to-cook(RTC)frozen food items currently popular in Dhaka.Microbiological analyses were carried out to enumerate total aerobic counts of mesophilic bacteria,yeast and mold and to detect some common foodborne pathogens according to standard microbiological criteria.Higher microbial loads in all animal-based food types,other than chicken strips were found.In contrast,plant-based items were relatively safe except paratha,dal-puri,rooti chapati,and aloo-puri.Several common pathogenic bacterial species were screened by analyzing their morphological,cultural,and biochemical characteristics.Escherichia coli was prevalent in most samples,while Salmonella species were least reported.A considerable number of samples exhibited enough microbial loads at infection or intoxication levels.

现代食品微生物学课程教学改革初探

现代食品微生物学是食品科学与工程专业的核心必修课程,是食品专业教学体系中的一门重要课程。针对目前课程教学中存在的教学内容陈旧、教学方式单一、教学考核方式不够科学等问题,教学团队开展了教学改革研究。将食品微生物时事热点案例引入课堂以更新教学内容,鼓励学生在课堂上进行微生物专题研讨展示,在“作业提交-评阅打分”后增加反馈、互动环节,实现教学闭环。经过3轮教学改革实践,学生的教学反馈良好,现代食品微生物学的教学效果得到明显提升。

Physico-Chemical and Microbiological Properties of a Traditional Turkey Cheese Tomas/Serto （Dorak）

Turkey is a country producing various kinds of cheese. Tomas cheese is a kind of cheese that is still traditionally produced, and it is not widely-known. In this study, the characteristic properties of Tomas cheese, a local product that is extensively consumed in the city of Tunceli and its environs, have been examined. For this purpose, samples from cheese varieties currently on sale in the cities of Tunceli and Elazl~ have been taken, and some of their physico-chemical and microbiological properties have been determined. The results of physico-chemical analysis showed that the average moisture rate of the samples was 53.24%, average ash rate 4.24%, average dry matter 46.76%, average acidity rate in terms of lactic acid 1.08%, average salt rate 2.93%, average fat rate 17.66%, average fat-free dry matter rate 25.56% and average pH value 4.67. The microbiological analysis data showed that the average values for the total aerobic mesophyll bacteria （TAMB） was 7 loglo kob/g, 2.3 logl0 kob/g for coliform, 4.6 logl0 kob/g for yeast, 5.5 logl0 kob/g for mold, 6.8 log10 kob/g for Lactococcus spp., and 6.1 log10 kob/g for Lactobacillus spp.. The results show the high variation among samples, proving that there has not been a standard production procedure. It has been established that the hygienic condition of the product changes according to the production process, and the probability for cross contamination is high. A large number of studies need to be carded out for this kind of traditional food items, due to lack of enough literature data in this paper.

微生物快速检测技术在食品安全检测中的应用

在食品安全领域,微生物检测是确保食品质量和消费者健康的关键环节。随着食品工业的快速发展和消费者对食品安全要求的提高,传统的微生物检测方法已难以满足现代食品安全检测的要求。因此,快速检测技术成为了食品微生物检测领域的重要发展趋势。微生物快速检测技术因操作简便、检测速度快、灵敏度高和准确性好等特点在食品安全检测中表现出了巨大的应用潜力。文章对微生物快速检测技术在食品安全检测中的应用展开探讨,以期为相关人员提供参考。

基于“校地”融合视域下提高大学生社会适应力路径探讨——以食品微生物学为例

为了提高大学毕业生社会适应力,推动学生就业、企业转型、地方繁荣,实现校地融合共享式发展,以地方应用型本科高校中食品微生物学课程教学为例,从优化教学内容、创新教学模式、整合育人资源和调整考核体系四维度入手,提出专业基础课程教学改革新路径。一是注重提升学生专业技能,增强大学生自信心;二是注重培养大学生多角度思维,提高自我认知,拓宽就业渠道;三是注重整合地方优势资源,开展实践教学、体验教学,培养大学生创业意识和创新思维;四是注重技能掌握和知识迁移能力考核,培养学生团结合作和沟通表达,提高抗挫折能力。通过四项教学改革措施,有效帮助大学生提高个人综合素养,加快实现从学生到职场人的转变,有效增强大学生就业的归属感、成就感和幸福感,有效化解企业用人难题,更好地实现人尽其才、才尽其用、人岗匹配,有力促进地方经济高质量发展。

市售餐饮自制发酵乳卫生质量状况调查分析——以扬州市为例

以扬州市餐饮环节抽取的餐饮自制发酵乳为研究对象,采用国家标准方法对其卫生指标进行检测,并运用基质辅助激光解吸电离飞行时间质谱法、分子生物学方法和传统形态学方法对污染微生物指标不合格产品中的污染菌进行分离纯化和鉴定。结果表明:25批次餐饮自制发酵乳的产品不合格率为36%,不合格项目均为微生物指标,其中大肠菌群不合格率为20%、霉菌计数不合格率为8%、酵母计数不合格率为32%。不合格样品的大肠菌群阳性菌株中包含了肺炎克雷伯菌、阴沟肠杆菌等多种条件致病菌;不合格样品的霉菌和酵母菌以曲霉属、青霉属、念珠菌属等发酵乳中常见的污染菌为主。调查表明:餐饮企业应重视加工制作过程中的微生物污染问题,监管部门应制定和实施有针对性的餐饮食品抽检计划,同时加强对餐饮自制发酵乳的食品安全监管。

“双一流”背景下提高食品类研究生创新能力的课程教学模式初探——以“高级食品化学”为例

“双一流”背景下,提高食品类研究生创新能力的培养,在为食品领域培养创新型人才,为国家的乡村振兴战略方面有着重要的支撑作用。因此,针对食品类研究生课程的重要专业课程“高级食品化学”,开展线上、线下混合式教学,融合先进的“基于案例”教学法(Case-based learning,CBL)、“基于研究”教学法(Research-based learning,RBL)、“基于问题学习”教学法(Problem-based learning,PBL),结合案例教学、产学研合作项目开展教学改革,有效提高了学生的创新能力和解决实际问题的能力,同时也有效提高了学生的就业质量。该教学体系具有在研究生教学领域广泛推广的价值。

基于SPOC的食品微生物学数字化课程资源开发及应用

数字化课程是现代信息技术与课程资源建设相融合的产物,能够为师生提供有效的在线学习平台和良好的教学互动。食品微生物学是高等院校食品科学与工程相关专业开设的一门重要的学科基础课,本研究针对食品微生物学传统教学过程存在的问题进行改革,开发课程资源,优化教学内容,改革教学手段,在小规模限制性在线课程(Small Private Online Course,SPOC)基础上搭建了食品微生物学数字化课程平台,培养学生自主学习能力,有效提高了课程教学质量,实现了教学资源共享及教育公平。

食品微生物检验中大肠菌群MPN计数法培养基质量控制措施分析

食品安全已经成为食品领域重点关注的问题之一,食品微生物检验不仅是食品安全的重要保障,也对公众健康有着直接的影响。目前,食品微生物频繁地引发食品安全问题,亟需采取有效措施对食品微生物检验质量加以控制。在开展食品微生物检验的过程中,检验结果会很大程度上受到培养基质量的影响。鉴于此,文章在简要分析MPN计数法的基础上,指出在食品微生物检验中采用MPN计数法面临的挑战,并以大肠菌群为例,总结MPN计数法应用过程中对培养基质量的控制措施,以期为提高食品微生物检验质量提供可靠参考。

OBE理念下“食品微生物学实验”课程设计的探索

“食品微生物学实验”课程是以微生物学为理论基础,培养学生运用微生物学实验技术和相关知识,对食品中的微生物进行检测、分析及运用的能力。为达到人才培养的目标,在成果导向教育(Outcome Based Education,简称OBE)理念的指导下对“食品微生物学实验”课程进行重构的探索。遵循成果导向教育教学反向设计的原则,通过用人单位、学生、同行等调研,根据毕业要求、调研结果及学生培养过程中实际存在问题,修订“食品微生物学实验”课程教学目标。根据课程目标,重构“食品微生物学实验”教学实验项目,根据教学的实验项目,更新教学组织方式,并探索适合“食品微生物学实验”的学习效果考核方式。通过教学实验项目、教学组织方式及学习考核方式的重构,以期最大化达到课程教学目标,从而培养具备专业知识、素养和能力的学生。

微生物检验技术在食品安全中的研究应用

近年来,微生物检验技术在食品安全领域取得了显著进展。传统方法如平板培养和显微镜检查因检测时间长、灵敏度低,难以满足快速检测需求。现代技术如PCR、qPCR和高通量测序(NGS)已成为关键工具,可在数小时内识别并定量分析特定病原体,NGS还能解析微生物群落多样性。这些技术提高了检测效率和准确性,推动了更严格的食品安全标准制定。ELISA和免疫层析试纸条在现场快速检测中也发挥着重要作用,帮助企业早期识别污染风险,及时应对,减少损失。本文综述了这些技术的基本原理及应用,强调其在保障食品安全中的重要性,并指出未来需聚焦技术优化和标准化,以应对复杂食品基质,提升全球食品供应链的安全性和可靠性。

预测微生物学模型在乳及乳制品中的应用

乳及乳制品营养成分丰富,是微生物生长的良好培养基,在生产加工过程中极易受到污染,因此乳及制品中微生物污染情况、生长规律以及源头控制研究备受关注。预测微生物学模型基于数学算法,是挖掘微生物动态规律、解析微生物对食品品质变化影响的重要技术支撑,在乳及乳制品质量安全保障中发挥重要作用。文章综述了乳及乳制品中微生物污染现状及目前存在的预测微生物模型种类,从微生物生长预测、货架期预测、微生物产毒预测等模型应用角度对预测微生物学模型进行介绍,并对近年来预测微生物学模型在乳及乳制品中的应用进行总结,为预测微生物学在乳及乳制品安全方面应用提供借鉴与参考。

食源性乙二醛毒性和抑制研究进展

乙二醛(glyoxal,GO)是糖基化过程中产生的活性二羰基,外源性GO来源为食物、饮料和香烟烟雾等,由于其高活性和高毒性而备受关注。在食品的热加工和贮存过程中生成的α-二羰基化合物,进一步增加了人类通过饮食摄入这些化合物以及由此产生的晚期糖基化终末产物的风险。鉴于GO多重和复杂的毒性作用,深入阐明GO的毒性机制和相关的解毒策略是十分必要的。该文概述了食品中GO的分布、危害和毒性机制,对目前GO抑制剂的抑制机理和应用进行综述,为新型抑制剂开发和应用提供参考。