Literature overview of basic characteristics and flotation laws of flocs

Flocculation flotation is the most efficient method for recovering fine-grained minerals,and its essence lies in flotation and recovery of flocs.Fundamental physical characteristics of flocs are mainly determined by their apparent particle size and structure(density and morphology).Substantial researches have been conducted regarding the effect of floc characteristics on particle settling and water treatment.However,the influence of floc characteristics on flotation has not been widely studied.Based on the floc formation and flocculation flotation,this study reviews the fundamental physical characteristics of flocs from the perspectives of floc particle size and structure,summarizing the interaction between floc particle size and structure.Moreover,it thoroughly discusses the effect of floc particle size and structure on floc floatability,further revealing the influence of floc characteristics on bubble collision and adhesion and elucidating the mechanisms of interaction between flocs and bubbles.Thus,it is observed that floc particle size is not the only factor influencing flocculation flotation.Within the appropriate apparent particle size range,flocs with a compact structure exhibit higher efficiency in bubble collision and adhesion during flotation,thereby resulting in enhanced flotation performance.This study aims to provide a reference for flocculation flotation,targeting the development of more efficient and refined flocculation flotation processes in the future.

Basic life support:knowledge and attitude of medical/paramedical professionals

BACKGROUND:Basic life support(BLS),a key component of the chain of survival decreases the arrest-cardiopulmonary resuscitation interval and increases the rate of hospital discharge.The study aimed to explore the knowledge of and attitude towards basic life support(BLS)among medical/paramedical professionals.METHODS:An observational study was conducted by assessing response to self prepared questionnaire consisting of the demographic information of the medical/paramedical staff,their personnel experience/attitude and knowledge of BLS based on the 2005 BLS Guidelines of European Resuscitation Council.RESULTS:After excluding incomplete questionnaires,the data from 121 responders(27 clinical faculty members,21 dental and basic sciences faculty members,29 house officers and 44 nurses and health assistants)were analyzed.Only 9(7.4%)of the 121 responders answered≥11,53(43%)answered 7-10,and 58(48%)answered<7 of 15 questions correctly.The clinical faculty members,house officers and nurses/HA had a mean score of 7.4±3.15,7.37±2.02 and 6.63±2.16 respectively,while dental/basic sciences faculty members attained a least mean score of 4.52±2.13(P<0.001).Those who had received cardiopulmonary resuscitation(CPR)training within 5 years obtained a highest mean score of 8.62±2.49,whereas those who had the training more than 5 years back or no training obtained a mean score of 5.54±2.38 and 6.1±2.29 respectively(P=0.001).Those who were involved in resuscitation frequently had a higher median score of 8 in comparison to those who were seldom involved or not involved at all(P<0.001).CONCLUSIONS:The average health personnel in our hospital lack adequate knowledge in CPR/BLS.Training and experience can enhance knowledge of CPR of these personnel.Thus standard of CPR/BLS training and assessment are recommended at our hospital.

Knowledge Law and Attribute Disturbance of Law

By employing the knowledge（R-element equivalence class） in one direction S-rough sets and dual of one direction S-rough sets, the concept of knowledge law is given; the generation theorem of knowledge law, the excursion theorem of knowledge law, and the attribute disturbance discernible theorem of knowledge law are proposed. Knowledge law is a new characteristic of S-rough sets.

Assessment of knowledge and attitude about basic life support among dental interns and postgraduate students in Bangalore city,India

BACKGROUND: Life-threatening emergencies can occur at anytime, at anywhere and in anyone. Effective management of an emergency situation in the dental office is ultimately the dentist's responsibility. The lack of training and inability to cope with medical emergencies can lead to tragic consequences and sometimes legal complications. Therefore, health professionals including dentists must be well prepared to deal with medical emergencies. This study was undertaken to assess the knowledge about and attitude towards basic life support(BLS) among dental interns and postgraduate students in Bangalore city, India.METHODS: A cross sectional survey was conducted among dental interns and postgraduate students from May 2014 to June 2014 since few studies have been conducted in Bangalore city. A questionnaire with 17 questions regarding the knowledge about and attitude towards BLS was distributed to 202 study participants.RESULTS: The data analyzed using the Chi-square test showed that dental interns and postgraduate students had average knowledge about BLS. In the 201 participants, 121(59.9%) had a positive attitude and 81(40.1%) had a negative attitude towards BLS.CONCLUSIONS: Cardiopulmonary resuscitation should be considered as part of the dental curriculum. Workshops on a regular basis should be focused on skills of cardiopulmonary resuscitation for dental students.

Formal Inferring the Law of Conservation of Energy from Assuming A-Priori-ness of Knowledge in a Formal Axiomatic Epistemology System Sigma

The research purpose is invention (construction) of a formal logical inference of the Law of Conservation of Energy within a logically formalized axiomatic epistemology-and-axiology theory Sigma from a precisely defined assumption of a-priori-ness of knowledge. For realizing this aim, the following work has been done: 1) a two-valued algebraic system of formal axiology has been defined precisely and applied to proper-philosophy of physics, namely, to an almost unknown (not-recognized) formal-axiological aspect of the physical law of conservation of energy;2) the formal axiomatic epistemology-and-axiology theory Sigma has been defined precisely and applied to proper-physics for realizing the above-indicated purpose. Thus, a discrete mathematical model of relationship between philosophy of physics and universal epistemology united with formal axiology has been constructed. Results: 1) By accurate computing relevant compositions of evaluation-functions within the discrete mathematical model, it is demonstrated that a formal-axiological analog of the great conservation law of proper physics is a formal-axiological law of two-valued algebra of metaphysics. (A precise algorithmic definition of the unhabitual (not-well-known) notion “formal-axiological law of algebra of metaphysics” is given.) 2) The hitherto never published significantly new nontrivial scientific result of investigation presented in this article is a formal logical inference of the law of conservation of energy within the formal axiomatic theory Sigma from conjunction of the formal-axiological analog of the law of conservation of energy and the assumption of a-priori-ness of knowledge.

Knowledge about abortion law among young women in Iran

Young women are at risk of attempting abortion because of their tendency to delay childbearing. In legal limitation for abortion, low information about abortion laws and consequences of un-safe abortion can result in that women refer to illegal providers. This study investigated knowledge of young women about abortion laws, its complications and their consent with intentional abortion. Near to 50% of participants were not informed about national abortion legislation and its criminal law, and more than 66% of participants were not aware of unsafe abortion consequences. Of them 16% believed that abortion must not be allowed at all, and 47% expressed that legal facilities for safe abortion should be proved. High education and importance of using contraceptive were the most important variables in correlation with more information about abortion law and consequences. Providing information for women about abortion laws and complication should be more emphasized to prevent unsafe abortion especially in women with lower age and education.

A Formal Deductive Inference of the Law of Inertia in a Logically Formalized Axiomatic Epistemology System Sigma from the Assumption of Knowledge A-Priori-Ness

The general purpose of the research—systematical clarifying and explicating the too vague proper philosophical concepts of space, void, matter, motion, inertia, for making a logical harmony between them and the corresponding notions of proper physics. The special purpose of the research—invention (construction) of a formal inference of the well-known Newton’s first law of mechanics within a logically formalized axiomatic epistemology system from a set of precisely defined presumptions. For realizing this aim the following work has been done: a two-valued algebraic system of metaphysics as formal axiology has been applied to philosophical epistemology and philosophy of nature;a formal axiomatic theory called Sigma has been applied to physics for realizing the above-indicated special purpose of the research. Thus, constructing a discrete mathematical model of relationship between universal epistemology and philosophy of physics has been done. Research results: The main hitherto not published significantly new nontrivial scientific result of applied investigations presented in this article is a formal inference of the well-known Newton’s first law of mechanics within the formal axiomatic epistemology system Sigma from conjunction of the formal-axiological analog of the proper-law-of-mechanics (which analog is the formal-axiological law of two-valued algebra of metaphysics) and the assumption of a-priori-ness of knowledge. For obtaining this main research result, a set of accessory nontrivial novelties has been used, for instance;a precise algorithmic definition is given for the notion “law of metaphysics” in the algebraic system of metaphysics as formal axiology;a formal-axiological equivalence in the algebraic system is defined precisely. Precise tabular definitions are given for relevant evaluation-functions determined by evaluation-arguments, for example;“movement of (what, whom) x”;“speed of x”;“vector of x”;“velocity of x”;“magnitude of x”;“finiteness (definiteness) of x”;“dynamical closed-ness (isolated-ness) of x”;“constant-ness, immutability, conservation of x”.

RENEWAL OF BASIC LAWS AND PRINCIPLES FOR POLAR CON-TINUUM THEORIES (Ⅱ)—MICROMORPHIC CONTINUUM THEORY AND COUPLE STRESS THEORY

The purpose is to reestablish the balance laws of momentum, angular momentum and energy and to derive the corresponding local and nonlocal balance equations for micromorphic continuum mechanics and couple stress theory. The desired results for micromorphic continuum mechanics and couple stress theory are naturally obtained via direct transitions and reductions from the coupled conservation law of energy for micropolar continuum theory, respectively. The basic balance laws and equations for micromorphic continuum mechanics and couple stress theory are constituted by combining these results derived here and the traditional conservation laws and equations of mass and microinertia and the entropy inequality. The incomplete degrees of the former related continuum theories are clarified. Finally, some special cases are conveniently derived.

RENEWAL OF BASIC LAWS AND PRINCIPLES FOR POLAR CONTINUUM THEORIES (Ⅰ) —MICROPOLAR CONTINUA

Based on the restudies of existing polar continuum theories rather complete systems of basic balance laws and equations for micropolar continuum theory are presented. In these new systems not only the additional angular momentum, surface moment and body moment produced by the linear momentum, surface force and body force, respectively, but also the additional velocity produced by the angular velocity are considered. The new coupled balance laws of linear momentum, angular momentum and energy are reestablished. From them the new coupled local and nonlocal balance equations are naturally derived. Via contrast it can be clearly seen that the new results are believed to be rather general and complete.

Renewal of basic laws and principles for polar continuum theories (Ⅺ)—consistency problems

Some consistency problems existing in continuum field theories are briefly reviewed. Three arts of consistency problems are clarified based on the renewed basic laws for polar continua. The first art discusses the consistency problems between the basic laws for polar continua. The second art discusses the consistency problems between the basic laws for polar continua and for other nonpolar continua. The third art discusses the consistency problems between the basic laws for micropolar continuum theories and the dynamical equations for rigid body. The results presented here can help us to get a deeper understanding the structure of the basic laws for various continuum theories and the interrelations between them. In the meantime, these results obtained show clearly that the consistency problems could not be solved in the framework of traditional basic laws for continuum field theories.

Representation of the Basic Laws of Thermodynamics in Quantum Mechanics

We propose a representation of the basic laws, namely the zeroth, first, second and third law, in quantum thermodynamics. The zeroth law is represented by some parameters () that specify respective quantum states. The parameters are the elements of thermodynamic state space. The introduction of such parameters is based on a probabilistic nature of quantum theory. A quantum analog of the first law can be established by utilizing these parameters. The notion of heat in quantum systems is clarified from the probabilistic point of view in quantum theory. The representation of the second law can be naturally described in terms of these parameters introduced for the respective quantum systems. In obtaining the representation of quantum thermodynamics, consistency between quantum theory and classical thermodynamics should have been preserved throughout our formulation of quantum thermodynamics. After establishing the representation of the second law, the third law is discussed briefly. The relationship between thermodynamic temperatures and the parameters in is also discussed.

新医科背景下应用型医学院校基础医学课程改革探索

在新医科背景下,应用型医学院校基础医学课程势必面临变革。文章在分析现阶段基础医学教学改革存在主要问题的基础上,通过优化基础医学课程教学体系、成立虚拟教研室、建立课程思政素材库、加强线上线下混合式课程建设、构建整合实验教学体系、改革考核评价体系等举措,推进了基础医学教育创新建设,并提出新医科背景下基础医学课程建设持续改进的若干思路和对策,为应用型医学人才培养提供有益的探索。

新时代法学基本范畴的重构——构建中国自主法学知识体系要论

在新时代背景下对法学基本范畴的内涵和体系进行重构,是构建中国自主法学知识体系的“成事之要”。“政治新时代”和“科技新时代”的到来,为法学基本范畴的重构提供了背景和动因。法学基本范畴从法学学科体系看构成了近代法律科学的“通用语汇”,从法学学术体系看可谓是法学理论创新的“思想芯片”,从法学话语体系看形塑了中国法学对外传播的“基本语法”。为了重构法学基本范畴,一方面要进行理论上的融会贯通,即贯通马克思主义、中华传统优秀法治文明和西方优秀法治文化三个传统,另一方面要对历史和当下的法治实践予以归纳提炼,并通过建构性解释上升为法学概念和范畴。重构的核心任务在于构筑兼具普遍性与中国性的法学基本范畴体系,为此既要加强对原创性概念和范畴的研究,也要加强对普遍法学概念和范畴的新内涵的研究,并按科学严密的内在结构构筑起以“法”和“法治”为核心、兼具静态性和动态性的二元法学基本范畴体系。

高校基础研究与创新知识溢出:来自高校设立技术转移机构的证据

促进高校基础研究成果转化已成为我国推进创新型国家建设的重要战略任务,也是实现我国科技自立自强的重要举措。以高校设立技术转移机构为外生冲击,利用了中国工企数据库和专利引用数据,采用DID模型研究了高校基础研究对于创新知识溢出的影响。研究结果显示:(1)高校基础研究显著提升了企业的创新知识溢出水平,表现为高校成立技术转移机构能够显著促进企业的专利引用率和专利产出率;(2)高校成立技术转移机构能够促进产学研合作组织更加完整,使得创新主体之间的信息不对称问题得到解决,从而促进高校基础研究的创新知识溢出效应。因此,政策制定者应该更加注重对高校技术转移机构的转移转化能力培养,促进知识溢出,对于校企合作提供更多优惠政策,塑造良好的产学研环境,从而提升城市创新能力。

新时代中国国际法学科体系的构造

构造新时代中国国际法学科体系,既是为了进一步落实习近平有关学科建设的指示精神,也是为了改变国际法在整个法学体系中的地位与中国世界大国的地位不相称的状况,以及弥补我国涉外法治人才严重短缺的短板。中国国际法学科体系的构造,需要进一步厘清涉外法、涉外法治、对外关系法、国内法与国际法的关系,以及涉外法学、国际法与法学一级学科的关系。在中国国际法学科体系构造的过程中,最为重要的是构建国际法学一级学科专业。未来中国国际法学发展的任务主要包括:弘扬国际法治理念、为人类命运共同体的构建提供法治保障,传播中国国际法观、提升中国国际法理念的国际影响力,提高运用国际法的能力以及补齐涉外法治的短板等。涉外法治人才培养和推动国际法研究的理论创新,则成为今后中国国际法学者的应然使命。未来中国国际法学的发展方向涉及架设国际法与国内法沟通的桥梁、谨慎使用“涉外法学”名称,以及在国际法教育与研究中凸显中国的国际法理论与实践等。

教育学自主知识体系的本质特征和建构规律

教育学自主知识体系是教育主体自主建构的全面深入反映教育本质和规律的知识系统;是在海内外文化、不同学科知识相互影响、交融中形成的知识体系;是合目的与合规律、价值追求与思维逻辑统一的知识体系;是继承与发展、守正与创新结合形成的知识体系。这既是教育学自主知识体系的本质,也决定了它形成的规律和原则、方式、途径。

行政法典化的渐进主义路径

行政法典是规范行政权和保护公民合法权益的最高级别的规范形式。法典化反映的是编纂法典的动态的发展趋势,其表现形式可以是多元化的,构造可以是多层次的,发展可以是渐进的、多阶段的。行政法典的理论构想包含行政法总则、行政基本法、行政程序法三种模式。行政法典化受行政法体系、立法成果、行政法理论以及文化等因素影响。从目标定位来看,要降低理想型、高级形态行政法典的预期,采取一种更为务实的局部性、适应性、渐进性、阶段性为特征的适度法典化的路径。在功能主义与渐进主义的双重视角下,把行政程序法作为行政基本法典的实现路径,更具有可行性和操作性。

"中国式法治现代化"的语义和意义分析

对“中国式法治现代化”进行语义和意义分析,是深化、拓展和创新中国式法治现代化研究的基础性学理性创造性工作。以习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想的世界观和方法论为指导,以习近平总书记的“中国式现代化理论”为研究范式,对“式”这一经典概念的本原语义和意义进行考察分析,对中国共产党人话语谱系中的“中国式”“中国式……”进行梳理分析,对“中国式现代化”这一科学概念和理论命题及其重大意义进行深度分析,对“中国式法治现代化”进行拓展研究,着力论述其作为法治现代化新范式的“资质”“条件”和“意义”。在上述语义和意义分析的基础上,本文提出了一个关于“中国式法治现代化”的初步定义。

促进中国式现代化的发展法学理论创新

旨在解决发展问题、促进全面发展的发展法学学科,与中国式现代化发展战略存在高度耦合,提供了研究中国式现代化的新视角。中国式现代化的新发展战略与发展法学的理论创新存在双向互动关系:一方面,中国式现代化的新发展战略,构造了发展法学的新背景,要求从系统主义维度进一步创新发展法学理论;另一方面,系统主义发展法学理论在方法论、制度体系、理论体系三个维度的递进式创新,有助于促进与保障中国式现代化的实现。具体而言,在方法论创新方面,发展法学作为一门系统科学,应融入系统论方法以及结构—功能分析方法,进行以中国发展问题为中心的新综合研究,指导制度体系和理论体系的创新;在制度体系创新方面,系统发展法学理论应从促进全面发展出发,通过合理配置发展权利、义务与责任,创新促进中国式现代化的包容型制度体系;在理论体系创新方面,系统发展法学理论应从发生论、本体论、价值论、规范论、运行论、范畴论方面进一步创新,在发展研究领域建构中国自主的法学知识体系,为世界法学理论之进步与世界共同发展之实践,贡献中国方案。

中国信用法学自主知识体系的构建

在我国社会信用体系建设过程中,社会信用似乎成为核心概念。从概念产生的角度观察,“社会信用”与“信用”为同一含义,“社会”只是强调信用应用领域的广泛性,宜采用“信用”之称。目前,信用的外延已经从传统的经济信用扩展至公共信用,展现出浓厚的本土色彩。信用领域的扩展导致信用法学研究对象的非单一性,信用法学应纳入领域法学而非部门法学的范畴。据此,问题导向的视角、实用主义的立场和兼容并蓄的路径构成了信用法学自主知识体系建构的方法论。以之为指导,立足中国信用实践,关切遏制公权和维护私益的信用立法价值取向,阐明本土化的概念系统,以信用法律关系和信用信息处理规则为双重主线叙事,才能实现信用法学自主性和体系化。