客赣方言毗邻区的玩耍义动词“坏”和“坏钞”

“玩耍”义动词是人类语言的基本词。客家方言“宁石话”有一个玩耍义动词,一般记音■等,也说双音节的■等。综合汉语史和方言使用情况来看,该词应写作“坏”和“坏钞”,是从近代汉语中表示花钱义的“坏钞”演变来的。与之毗邻的赣方言抚广片的玩耍义动词“猥”本字也宜写作“坏”,二者实为同一个词。这再次说明了客家方言宁石话同赣方言的密切关系。

Probabilistic analysis of tunnel face seismic stability in layered rock masses using Polynomial Chaos Kriging metamodel

Face stability is an essential issue in tunnel design and construction.Layered rock masses are typical and ubiquitous;uncertainties in rock properties always exist.In view of this,a comprehensive method,which combines the Upper bound Limit analysis of Tunnel face stability,the Polynomial Chaos Kriging,the Monte-Carlo Simulation and Analysis of Covariance method(ULT-PCK-MA),is proposed to investigate the seismic stability of tunnel faces.A two-dimensional analytical model of ULT is developed to evaluate the virtual support force based on the upper bound limit analysis.An efficient probabilistic analysis method PCK-MA based on the adaptive Polynomial Chaos Kriging metamodel is then implemented to investigate the parameter uncertainty effects.Ten input parameters,including geological strength indices,uniaxial compressive strengths and constants for three rock formations,and the horizontal seismic coefficients,are treated as random variables.The effects of these parameter uncertainties on the failure probability and sensitivity indices are discussed.In addition,the effects of weak layer position,the middle layer thickness and quality,the tunnel diameter,the parameters correlation,and the seismic loadings are investigated,respectively.The results show that the layer distributions significantly influence the tunnel face probabilistic stability,particularly when the weak rock is present in the bottom layer.The efficiency of the proposed ULT-PCK-MA is validated,which is expected to facilitate the engineering design and construction.

乾嘉诗坛人事交错与诗学互动:翁方纲删定《悔存诗钞》考论

翁方纲删定《悔存诗钞》八卷,是黄景仁诗的第一种专集。从删定到刊行的过程,反映出乾嘉之际诗坛的人事交错和诗学互动。翁方纲的删诗宗旨是通过严格的去取,表现黄景仁的“本怀”;删诗标准是不取放浪枯槁、酒圣诗狂之类的绮语和苦语。由此可剖析若干具体篇目的删削原因。黄诗遗集编刊作为备受关注的文学事件,体现乾嘉之际的诗坛纷争,反映翁方纲、毕沅、王昶等人在学问与性情上的不同诗学取向与观念。

清代西域诗中的乌鲁木齐城市文化书写——以《历代西域诗钞》《清代西域诗辑注》为中心

以《历代西域诗钞》和《清代西域诗辑注》为中心,对乌鲁木齐的地理位置、自然环境、人文社会等众多方面进行梳理,并归纳总结出清代西域诗中乌鲁木齐城市文化书写的内容、特点及内涵,以期能够更深层次地了解清代乌鲁木齐社会的本真。同时,挖掘清代西域诗中乌鲁木齐的城市文化书写,亦对当今研究乌鲁木齐的城市发展历程提供借鉴。清代西域诗中对乌鲁木齐地理文化的书写呈现出地名之多样、自然景观之奇、地域物产之丰的特点。通过对清代西域诗中乌鲁木齐城市文化书写内容的阐释,进而展现出城市文化生活的方方面面,以此窥见作者的情感和思想及西域社会生活面貌,为西域文学和文献研究提供一个例证。

Suppression and synchronization of chaos in uncertain time-delay physical system

The mechanical horizontal platform(MHP)system exhibits a rich chaotic behavior.The chaotic MHP system has applications in the earthquake and offshore industries.This article proposes a robust adaptive continuous control(RACC)algorithm.It investigates the control and synchronization of chaos in the uncertain MHP system with time-delay in the presence of unknown state-dependent and time-dependent disturbances.The closed-loop system contains most of the nonlinear terms that enhance the complexity of the dynamical system;it improves the efficiency of the closed-loop.The proposed RACC approach(a)accomplishes faster convergence of the perturbed state variables(synchronization errors)to the desired steady-state,(b)eradicates the effect of unknown state-dependent and time-dependent disturbances,and(c)suppresses undesirable chattering in the feedback control inputs.This paper describes a detailed closed-loop stability analysis based on the Lyapunov-Krasovskii functional theory and Lyapunov stability technique.It provides parameter adaptation laws that confirm the convergence of the uncertain parameters to some constant values.The computer simulation results endorse the theoretical findings and provide a comparative performance.

A novel variable-order fractional chaotic map and its dynamics

In recent years,fractional-order chaotic maps have been paid more attention in publications because of the memory effect.This paper presents a novel variable-order fractional sine map(VFSM)based on the discrete fractional calculus.Specially,the order is defined as an iterative function that incorporates the current state of the system.By analyzing phase diagrams,time sequences,bifurcations,Lyapunov exponents and fuzzy entropy complexity,the dynamics of the proposed map are investigated comparing with the constant-order fractional sine map.The results reveal that the variable order has a good effect on improving the chaotic performance,and it enlarges the range of available parameter values as well as reduces non-chaotic windows.Multiple coexisting attractors also enrich the dynamics of VFSM and prove its sensitivity to initial values.Moreover,the sequence generated by the proposed map passes the statistical test for pseudorandom number and shows strong robustness to parameter estimation,which proves the potential applications in the field of information security.

On fractional discrete financial system:Bifurcation,chaos,and control

The dynamic analysis of financial systems is a developing field that combines mathematics and economics to understand and explain fluctuations in financial markets.This paper introduces a new three-dimensional(3D)fractional financial map and we dissect its nonlinear dynamics system under commensurate and incommensurate orders.As such,we evaluate when the equilibrium points are stable or unstable at various fractional orders.We use many numerical methods,phase plots in 2D and 3D projections,bifurcation diagrams and the maximum Lyapunov exponent.These techniques reveal that financial maps exhibit chaotic attractor behavior.This study is grounded on the Caputo-like discrete operator,which is specifically influenced by the variance of the commensurate and incommensurate orders.Furthermore,we confirm the presence and measure the complexity of chaos in financial maps by the 0-1 test and the approximate entropy algorithm.Additionally,we offer nonlinear-type controllers to stabilize the fractional financial map.The numerical results of this study are obtained using MATLAB.

Multi-Level Image Segmentation Combining Chaotic Initialized Chimp Optimization Algorithm and Cauchy Mutation

To enhance the diversity and distribution uniformity of initial population,as well as to avoid local extrema in the Chimp Optimization Algorithm(CHOA),this paper improves the CHOA based on chaos initialization and Cauchy mutation.First,Sin chaos is introduced to improve the random population initialization scheme of the CHOA,which not only guarantees the diversity of the population,but also enhances the distribution uniformity of the initial population.Next,Cauchy mutation is added to optimize the global search ability of the CHOA in the process of position(threshold)updating to avoid the CHOA falling into local optima.Finally,an improved CHOA was formed through the combination of chaos initialization and Cauchy mutation(CICMCHOA),then taking fuzzy Kapur as the objective function,this paper applied CICMCHOA to natural and medical image segmentation,and compared it with four algorithms,including the improved Satin Bowerbird optimizer(ISBO),Cuckoo Search(ICS),etc.The experimental results deriving from visual and specific indicators demonstrate that CICMCHOA delivers superior segmentation effects in image segmentation.

元代朱钞考论——以黑水城文书为据

元代朱钞作为官府仓库出具的收纳凭证,分为纳获实物和纳获钱钞两类范式,构成要件包括纳获仓库、版籍、交纳人姓名、交纳年份、交纳项目和数量总计、子项目和对应数量、出具时间、官吏签押和格式条款,铃盖朱印生效。根据适用领域之别,朱钞具备田税差役完结凭证、货引申请凭证、管押货物完备凭证或纳栗补官凭证等法律属性。与之相对的白帖则非经正式程序、不具合法要件,成为官吏上下其手、侵渔钱粮之媒介,实乃元代仓库管理之瘤疾。

基于小样本下改进ChaosNet的轴承故障诊断

为解决在训练样本不足条件下,轴承故障特征提取困难的问题,提出一种基于改进神经混沌学习(neurochaos learning+AdaBoost,NL-AdaBoost)的轴承故障诊断新方法。首先,对时域振动信号进行快速傅里叶变换(fast fourier transform,FFT)提取频域特征,拼接时频域信号获得一维特征样本;其次,输入信号产生对混沌GLS神经元的激励,形成ChaoFEX特征,馈送至集成学习分类器(AdaBoost);随后,选取轴承故障特征样本,对样本集做k折交叉验证,获得模型最优超参数值,将其应用于测试集进行模型分类能力验证;最后,在小样本对比实验中,与4种常见深度学习算法比较模型的macro F1-score。实验结果证明,在低训练样本条件下,NL-AdaBoost模型具有良好的准确性和泛化能力。

Sensitivity Analysis of Electromagnetic Scattering from Dielectric Targets with Polynomial Chaos Expansion and Method of Moments

In this paper,an adaptive polynomial chaos expansion method(PCE)based on the method of moments(MoM)is proposed to construct surrogate models for electromagnetic scattering and further sensitivity analysis.The MoM is applied to accurately solve the electric field integral equation(EFIE)of electromagnetic scattering from homogeneous dielectric targets.Within the bistatic radar cross section(RCS)as the research object,the adaptive PCE algorithm is devoted to selecting the appropriate order to construct the multivariate surrogate model.The corresponding sensitivity results are given by the further derivative operation,which is compared with those of the finite difference method(FDM).Several examples are provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm for sensitivity analysis of electromagnetic scattering from homogeneous dielectric targets.

北宋漕运影响下的钞盐法变革

北宋将漕运与淮盐政结合在一起,漕船返程运输食盐销售,以其收入补贴漕运,形成互利的关系,但是北宋盐政的衰败与变革也与漕运出现的问题有关。舟卒境遇低下、漕运官僚腐败、航运水利治理的不稳定都使漕运食盐不断被盗卖、运作效率逐渐低下、食盐运量不足、私盐泛滥、官盐品质低下等问题长期无法得到解决。而通商之议受到漕运系统官员出于自身财务利益立场的反对。北宋末的蔡京钞盐法改革,彻底将漕运与淮盐盐政切割,虽然造成了漕运的进一步衰落,但实现了比漕运更让朝廷满意的财政收入。这是因为钞盐法将官吏从食盐运销中剥离,漕运的诸多弊端不再直接作用于商人自负盈亏的运输,同时蔡京当局也极力保障运输的通畅和排除官吏对航运的干扰,使得钞盐法行之有效,并得以被南宋至清朝等后来的政权所继承,成为全国范围内最主流的盐政运销制度。

Three-dimensional pseudo-dynamic reliability analysis of seismic shield tunnel faces combined with sparse polynomial chaos expansion

To address the seismic face stability challenges encountered in urban and subsea tunnel construction,an efficient probabilistic analysis framework for shield tunnel faces under seismic conditions is proposed.Based on the upper-bound theory of limit analysis,an improved three-dimensional discrete deterministic mechanism,accounting for the heterogeneous nature of soil media,is formulated to evaluate seismic face stability.The metamodel of failure probabilistic assessments for seismic tunnel faces is constructed by integrating the sparse polynomial chaos expansion method(SPCE)with the modified pseudo-dynamic approach(MPD).The improved deterministic model is validated by comparing with published literature and numerical simulations results,and the SPCE-MPD metamodel is examined with the traditional MCS method.Based on the SPCE-MPD metamodels,the seismic effects on face failure probability and reliability index are presented and the global sensitivity analysis(GSA)is involved to reflect the influence order of seismic action parameters.Finally,the proposed approach is tested to be effective by a engineering case of the Chengdu outer ring tunnel.The results show that higher uncertainty of seismic response on face stability should be noticed in areas with intense earthquakes and variation of seismic wave velocity has the most profound influence on tunnel face stability.

何以确定自我:“钞古碑”与鲁迅《墓碣文》的创作

金石文献是鲁迅和周作人兄弟二人在文艺志业和社会教育事业上重点关注的一项内容。饱蘸着金石研究经验和审美体验的《墓碣文》借由梦中读残碑的经历审视鲁迅后五四时期在家庭、文艺志业、社会改革中遭遇挫败所带来的酷烈创痛,并重构了文人“读碑”传统。文言墓碣文中缺失的社会关系网和对墓主的盖棺论未定,既构成对传统碑志义例及礼制文化的颠覆,也代表着支离破碎的灵魂拒绝在现有社会关系和价值体系中进行自我命名,而是执拗探寻“主观之内面精神”。“我”以白话文连贯地讲述文言墓碣支离的故事,既是将被压抑的自我融入现实苦斗的开始,也暗含着鲁迅发掘金石文献的生命力,借此重振国民精神及文艺的思考。

Generalized polynomial chaos expansion by reanalysis using static condensation based on substructuring

This paper presents a new computational method for forward uncertainty quantification(UQ)analyses on large-scale structural systems in the presence of arbitrary and dependent random inputs.The method consists of a generalized polynomial chaos expansion(GPCE)for statistical moment and reliability analyses associated with the stochastic output and a static reanalysis method to generate the input-output data set.In the reanalysis,we employ substructuring for a structure to isolate its local regions that vary due to random inputs.This allows for avoiding repeated computations of invariant substructures while generating the input-output data set.Combining substructuring with static condensation further improves the computational efficiency of the reanalysis without losing accuracy.Consequently,the GPCE with the static reanalysis method can achieve significant computational saving,thus mitigating the curse of dimensionality to some degree for UQ under high-dimensional inputs.The numerical results obtained from a simple structure indicate that the proposed method for UQ produces accurate solutions more efficiently than the GPCE using full finite element analyses(FEAs).We also demonstrate the efficiency and scalability of the proposed method by executing UQ for a large-scale wing-box structure under ten-dimensional(all-dependent)random inputs.

许谦《诗集传名物钞》的“兴”论特点

本文主要研究许谦在《诗集传名物钞》中,如何界定与诠释《诗经》“兴”体,进而探讨其继承与发展朱子学的特点。许谦延续朱熹的观点,将《诗经》之“兴”分为“取义”与“不取义”二类,然而他更重视前者甚于后者。在“取义之兴”上,他关注《诗经》名物的特性,与诗句兴发之义的关联,并且根据诗中名物的解释,重新检视朱熹对《诗经》“兴”体诗的判定是否恰当;在“不取义之兴”上,除了虚词相应之外,许谦提出“无义兴”的概念。至于在兴体诗中,许谦会特别留意《诗经》名物的诠释前后是否一致,并修正朱熹的看法。此外,针对兴体诗所呈现之含意,许谦除了关注“诗人之意”外,也强调“学者之义”,其内涵主要是根据《周易》的阴阳消长,以及《大学》和《中庸》的成德工夫,进一步完成《诗经》理学化的解释。同时,他尊重王柏和金履祥的说法,展现出金华地区学术一脉相承的立场。

Arrhythmia Detection by Using Chaos Theory with Machine Learning Algorithms

Heart monitoring improves life quality.Electrocardiograms(ECGs or EKGs)detect heart irregularities.Machine learning algorithms can create a few ECG diagnosis processing methods.The first method uses raw ECG and time-series data.The second method classifies the ECG by patient experience.The third technique translates ECG impulses into Q waves,R waves and S waves(QRS)features using richer information.Because ECG signals vary naturally between humans and activities,we will combine the three feature selection methods to improve classification accuracy and diagnosis.Classifications using all three approaches have not been examined till now.Several researchers found that Machine Learning(ML)techniques can improve ECG classification.This study will compare popular machine learning techniques to evaluate ECG features.Four algorithms—Support Vector Machine(SVM),Decision Tree,Naive Bayes,and Neural Network—compare categorization results.SVM plus prior knowledge has the highest accuracy(99%)of the four ML methods.QRS characteristics failed to identify signals without chaos theory.With 99.8%classification accuracy,the Decision Tree technique outperformed all previous experiments.

桐城诗人方正瑗生平和诗歌创作述略——以《连理山人诗钞》为中心

方正瑗的《连理山人诗钞》收录其《金石集》《江淮集》《京华集》《关河集》《潇洒集》五部诗集共1961首诗歌,内容丰富,且每首诗都有准确系年,反映了诗人十八岁以后读书、游历、科考、为官、归田的主要经历,从中可以得知诗人众多的生平信息及其仁爱、忠孝的为人。诗人论诗一方面主张以性情为本位,另一方面追求雅正,其诗有明显的追慕《诗经》和杜诗的倾向,而前期诗歌的主要特点是清新,并且得王孟山水诗之精髓。从方正瑗身上,我们还可以窥见桂林方氏这一文化世家日常生活的某些侧面及家族精神的传承情况。

《潞安诗钞》前后编初探

《潞安诗钞》是收录明清两代山西潞安府诗歌的总集,分前后两编。前编辑录于清初康熙年间,编者为程之玿;后编辑录于清道光年间,主编者为常煜。《潞安诗钞》以“诗以人重,人以诗传”为选诗原则,前后编在征诗方法、甄选标准、编辑体例等方面一脉相承,选诗的同时,还为所选诗人编写小传。《潞安诗钞》前后编在保存乡邦文献、记录民俗风尚、考见人物盛衰等方面的趣向是一致的。由于成书时代的差异,其中所蕴含的选诗思想亦不尽相同。前编侧重以诗存史,借选诗展现明清易代之际时局动荡的史实与治乱兴衰的机兆;后编选诗具有润色鸿业、裨补政教的倾向,借选诗呈现格高调古、雅正平和的诗学主张。《潞安诗钞》具有鲜明的地域文化意识,对山西上党地区的文学世家、诗学名家及文学社团、诗人间的交游活动予以专门的关注。它与山西省内其他地方诗歌总集一起构筑了山右诗学的文献基础,不啻为明清诗学研究的重要资料之一。其文学价值、文化价值应该得到学术界的关注与重视。

魏之琇《岭云诗钞》考——兼论乾嘉时期的杭州文人与文学

《岭云诗钞》乃鲍廷博之友魏之琇之诗词别集,是目前可见的鲍廷博最早的刻书成就。魏之琇去世后,鲍廷博又同胡涛、项墉将魏之琇生前诗词手稿汇刻为《柳洲遗稿》一卷以告慰亡友。今所见《岭云诗钞》与《柳洲遗稿》所载内容几无重合之处,通过梳理两书刊刻流传过程,集中诗歌风格及具体内容,厘清鲍、胡、项、魏等人交游始末,可窥清中期杭州中下层文士交游、结社风气及其对文人创作的影响。