Oesophageal Mycosis: Epidemiological and Clinical Aspects and Risk Factors for Occurrence in the Digestive Endoscopy Unit of the Donka National Hospital, Conakry CHU

Introduction: Oesophageal mycosis (OM) is one of the most common opportunistic infections in patients infected with HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus). However, this condition is increasingly observed in immunocompetent subjects. The aim of this study was to determine the endoscopic prevalence, clinical characteristics and risk factors for the occurrence of oesophageal mycosis in our department. Patients and Method: This was a prospective cross-sectional study of all patients who underwent oeso-gastroduodenal fibroscopy during the period from 1st January to 31st December 2022, i.e. one year, at the digestive endoscopy unit of the hepato-gastroenterology department of the Donka CHU national hospital in Conakry. All patients found to have oesophageal mycosis by FOGD were included. The endoscopy was performed using appropriate equipment: A Fujinon 4400 video endoscopy column;Three Fujinon EG 590 video gastroscopes;A hoover;Data were collected using a pre-established survey form and analysed using Epi info software version 6.0.4;Pearson’s Chi2 test as a test of independence and the exact 5% threshold ficher test. Results: Out of 1343 upper gastrointestinal endoscopies performed, 107 cases of oesophageal mycosis were found, representing a prevalence of 7.96%. The mean age was 40 years, with a male predominance of 55.42%. The sex ratio M/F was 1.24. The 45 and over age group was the most affected, with a prevalence of 40.43%, followed by the [35 - 45] age group, with a prevalence of 22.43%. Clinical symptoms were dominated by epigastralgia in 74.76% of cases, followed by odynophagia in 37.38% of cases, nausea and vomiting in 28.03% of cases, and pyrosis in 26.16% of cases. Oesophageal mycosis without oesophagitis was the most common endoscopic finding in 70% of cases. The main associated endoscopic lesions were erythemato-erosive and congestive gastropathy in 28.03% of cases, peptic oesophagitis (9.34%) and gastric ulcer (5.60%). The main risk factors found were positive HIV serology in 39.25% of cases, and diabetes in 24.30% of cases, with a statistically significant relationship of 0.02 and 0.01 respectively. Conclusion: Oesophageal mycosis is the most common opportunistic infection in patients with impaired cellular immunity. The prevalence of oesophageal mycosis in our series was 7.96%. This study enabled us to identify the main risk factors for the occurrence of oesophageal mycosis. Our country needs to step up its programme to combat and prevent immunodeficiency diseases, particularly HIV and diabetes.

Evaluation of Hepatic Fibrosis and Hepatic Steatosis by Pulse Elastography (FIBROSCAN/CAP) in Asymptomatic Patients about 170 Cases at the Donka CHU National Hospital in Conakry

Introduction: Fibroscan is a recent, non-invasive and non-irradiating diagnostic method. It is based on the principle of ultrasound, which enables liver tissue elasticity to be quantified using a probe, and fibrosis to be assessed. Fibroscan measures both elasticity correlated with hepatic fibrosis and CAP correlated with steatosis. The aim of this study was to evaluate hepatic fibrosis and steatosis using pulse elastometry (Fibroscan/CAP). Methods: This was a descriptive and analytical cross-sectional study in which 170 patients were included. It was conducted from October 1 2021 to December 31 2023, i.e. 27 months, in an outpatient clinic in the hepato-gastroenterology department of the Donka national hospital of the CHU Conakry. Results: Of the 170 patients identified, 87 were male (51%) and 83 female (49%), giving a M/F sex ratio of 1.04. The average age of our patients was 40. The 30 - 50 age group was the most affected, with a frequency of 58.23% (n = 99), followed by the 50 age group with a frequency of 29.41% (n = 50). Hepatomegaly, steatotic liver on ultrasonography, transaminase elevation and obesity were the main indications, respectively: (21.76%), (17.65%), (14.71%), and (13.53%). The examinations were requested by hepatogastroenterologists (47.06%), diabetologists (35.88%) and general practitioners (29%). Of the 170 patients, 100 patients (58.82%) had no significant fibrosis F0F1, 39 (22.94%) had moderate fibrosis F2, 20 patients (11.76%) had severe fibrosis F3 and 11 patients (6.47%) had fibrosis F4. Hepatic steatosis: 62 patients (36.47%) had no S0 steatosis;29.41% had S1 steatosis, 20% had S2 steatosis and 24 patients (14.11%) had S3 steatosis. Abdominal ultrasound revealed a normal liver in 67.05% of patients, hepatic steatosis in 29.41% and non-decompensated cirrhosis in 6 cases. Thus, 108 patients had the parameters required to calculate the Fatty Liver Index (FLI), steatosis was present in 20% of our patients, while 29.41% had an undetermined status and 24 14.11% had a normal FLI. Conclusion: Identifying subjects at risk of metabolic steatopathy, diagnosing and managing these patients is a public health issue and one of the future challenges of hepato-gastroenterology. Fibroscan is an increasingly popular screening tool for hepatic fibrosis and steatosis. The fight against obesity must be a priority.

Prevalence of Refractive Errors among School Children Aged 5 to 15 Years Old at CHU-IOTA

Introduction: Undetected refractive errors constitute a health problem among school children who cannot take advantage of educational opportunities. The authors studied the prevalence of refractive errors in school children aged 5 to 15 at CHU-IOTA. Patients and Method: This is a prospective, descriptive cross-sectional study carried out in the ophthalmic-pediatrics department of CHU-IOTA, from October to November 2023. Results: We received 340 school children aged 5 to 15, among whom 111 presented ametropia, i.e. a prevalence of 32.65%. The average age was 11.42 ± 2.75 years and a sex ratio of 0.59. The average visual acuity was 4/10 (range 1/10 and 10/10). We found refractive defects: astigmatism 73.87%, hyperopia 23.87% of cases and myopia 2.25%. The decline in distance visual acuity was the most common functional sign. Ocular abnormalities associated with ametropia were dominated by allergic conjunctivitis (26.13%) and papillary excavation (6.31%) in astigmatics;allergic conjunctivitis (9.01%) and papillary excavation (7.20%) in hyperopic patients;turbid vitreous (0.90%), myopic choroidosis (0.45%) and allergic conjunctivitis (0.45%) in myopes. Conclusion: Refractive errors constitute a reality and a major public health problem among school children.

Chu空间下的粗糙集与证据理论结合进行内燃机诊断

证据理论是处理不确定性问题的有效工具,但其依赖专家知识提供证据,并要求各证据体相互独立,致使实际应用困难。借助粗糙集理论,剔除冗余成分,应可克服证据获取主观性和证据体相关性的缺陷。Chu空间理论提供了一种通用的代数框架,是用于诊断信息融合的一种新方法;针对此问题,研究了Chu空间表达下的粗糙集与证据理论可集成性,并提出了基于二者集成的故障诊断推理策略。柴油机的实际诊断结果验证了将粗糙集与证据理论相结合进行故障诊断的良好效果。

产虾青素菌株CHU-R的鉴定及其培养条件优化

【目的】对产虾青素菌株CHU-R进行鉴定,并对其培养条件进行优化,为虾青素的规模化生产奠定基础。【方法】对产虾青素菌株CHU-R进行形态、生理生化及16SrDNA序列鉴定;以菌株CHU-R菌体生物量和虾青素产量为考察指标,对CHU-R菌株的碳源、氮源、微量元素等培养基成分及温度、初始pH值、接种量、装液量、蔗糖含量等培养条件进行优化,并对优化条件进行正交试验,确定最佳的培养基组分。【结果】CHU-R为乳杆菌。CHU-R菌株培养基中的适宜氮源为铵盐和尿素;碳源为蔗糖和葡萄糖;培养基中缺少Fe2+不利于菌体生长和虾青素积累。CHU-R的适宜培养条件为:接种量≤50mL/L,装液量50mL/L,初始pH值7.0～7.5,发酵温度26～30℃,发酵时间48～72h,在此条件下,菌株CHU-R菌体生物量和虾青素产量均较高。【结论】乳杆菌CHU-R在优化培养条件下能够得到产量较高的虾青素,具有较好的应用潜力和经济价值。

CHU-R菌株虾青素稳定性及抗氧化活性研究

通过对CHU-R虾青素稳定性进行测定,表明虾青素对短时受热有较好的稳定性,对光和氧非常敏感;有机溶剂中极性最小的石油醚有利于虾青素的保存,而极性最大的丙酮则十分不利于色素的保存,色拉油能很好的保护色素,因其较好地隔离了空气中的氧,起到了一定的屏蔽作用。采用ORAC分析法对CHU-R虾青素进行抗氧化活性测定,结果表明CHU-R虾青素具有良好的抗氧化能力,平均抗氧化活性为13.80U/mg,且其抗氧化能力与浓度成正相关,通过CHU-R色素对鱼藤酮的光保护实验得出,CHU-R虾青素对鱼藤酮具有良好的保护性能。

TD-LTE系统中Zadoff-Chu序列的研究与DSP实现

通过对Zadoff-Chu(ZC)序列生成算法的分析及理论推导,提出了一种快速、有效的Zadoff-Chu序列生成的DSP实现方案。该方案已经在TMS320C64xDSP中实现。通过在CCS3.3中运行程序,验证了方案的可行性和高效性。该方案在LTE-TDD无线综合测试仪表的开发中已经得到应用。

Zadoff-Chu序列的内插算法

脉冲压缩体制斜向短波信道探测主要利用Zadoff-Chu序列良好的周期自相关特性进行相关检测。为使Zadoff-Chu序列的频谱特性与信道探测收发信机的要求相匹配,提出一种适合Zadoff-Chu序列的FDI内插算法,以改善其频谱特性,并与一般内插算法内插后的序列频谱进行比较。仿真结果表明:采用FDI内插算法插值后序列的频谱滚降更快,且几乎没有旁瓣,能量十分集中,确认了FDI内插算法的优越性;在接收端,通过理论推导给出了一种实现采用FDI算法内插后的序列最佳抽取的方法。计算和仿真结果验证了该方法的有效性。

毛细管气相色谱法测定CHU-9126中有机溶剂残留量

建立CHU-9126中3种有机溶剂残留量的测定方法。使用毛细管气相色谱仪,采用DB-624毛细管色谱柱(94%二甲基聚硅氧烷和6%氰丙基苯聚硅氧烷);柱温70℃,保持3分钟;以3℃·min-1的速度升温至90℃,保持7分钟;以20℃·min-1的速度升温至220℃,保持3分钟。以氮气为载气,流速为2ml·min-1;FID检测器。乙醇,四氢呋喃和N,N-二甲基甲酰胺线性关系良好;平均回收率分别为99·9%,100·3%,99·6%;检出限分别为0·12ng,0·10ng,0·28ng。本方法简便,灵敏度高,重复性好,结果准确,适合于CHU-9126中有机溶剂残留量的测定。

基于补零的Zadoff-Chu序列检测算法

介绍单载波频域均衡系统的随机接入方案,提出一种基于补零扩展的Zadoff-Chu序列的前导检测算法。使用素数Zadoff-Chu序列作为用户签名,接收端采用基于时域补零扩展的频域检测方法进行前导检测。仿真结果表明,与传统时域检测算法相比,该算法能在保证检测效果的同时,降低90%计算复杂度。

基于Zadoff-Chu序列的移动数字电视接收系统频偏估计算法

针对移动数字电视接收系统频偏估计算法存在的频偏估计均方差和误码率高等问题,提出了一种基于Zadoff-Chu(ZC)序列频偏估计算法。首先通过建立信号模型,利用仿真分析了载波频率偏差对接收系统影响;其次,信标结构中的两个同步信号以半周期形式选择ZC序列,1个导频符号序列由2个ZC序列构成。因此,接收端接收的2个符号是完全相同的ZC序列,通过对1个ZC序列半周期进行自相关运算并计算频偏值,即可以完成对整个周期符号的频偏估计。仿真结果表明,相比于其它算法,频偏估计均方差可降低20~30%,增益提升约2d B。

利用Zadoff-Chu序列降低DCO-OFDM可见光系统的峰均比

为了降低直流偏置光正交频分复用(DCO-OFDM)可见光系统具有的高峰均比,对传统的部分传输序列(PTS)算法进行了改进,提出了基于Zadoff-Chu序列的PST改进算法。该算法的基本思路是先利用Zadoff-Chu序列构建一个正交的预编码矩阵,然后根据传统的PTS算法将DCO-OFDM信号分割成互不相交的子块,接着将各个子块与预编码矩阵相乘,通过降低每个子块的自相关性达到降低DCO-OFDM可见光系统峰均比的目的。仿真结果表明,基于Zadoff-Chu序列的PTS改进算法明显降低了DCO-OFDM可见光系统的峰均比,达到了预期的效果。

CHU-R菌株产虾青素的发酵工艺研究

本文通过对获得的虾青素产生菌CHU-R进行最佳培养基、培养温度、接种量、初始pH等发酵工艺参数的优化研究，得到CHU-R菌产虾青素的最佳培养基为：6％蔗糖、1％糖蜜、0．5％硫酸铵、0．3％NazHPO4、0．05％KI、0．05％MgSO4·7H2O；50L罐最适发酵工艺条件为：温度28℃，通风量1：0．1加．15（V／V／min）、初始转速120r／min、罐压0．054）．08MPa、装液量30L、初始pH6．8-7．0、接种量6％，发酵过程维持溶氧量在40-60％之间。由此得到的虾青素含量近达23mg／g干菌体重。

基于Zadoff-Chu序列的OFDM精确定时同步算法

针对OFDM系统在多径衰落环境下通过能量大小定时而产生定时误差的问题,文中提出了一种基于Zadoff-Chu序列的第一径检测算法,利用序列相关性得到信道冲激响应估计值,此外分析了残留频偏对定时同步的影响,并通过改进自适应门限抑制残留频偏来判定准确定时位置。算法在时域完成,实现简单且运算量小。通过仿真对比其他算法可以看出,文中所提算法在高速移动多径环境中第一径检测概率高、均方误差小,特别是低信噪比下仍能准确同步。

补料工艺对乳杆菌CHU-R产虾青素的影响

天然虾青素具有极强的抗氧化性,为满足虾青素的市场需求、实现其大规模工业化生产,有必要研发一种简单高效的发酵工艺。采用产虾青素乳杆菌CHU-R为供试菌株,在5L反应器中以分批发酵为对照,分别进行以过程pH、总糖消耗、过程DO为补糖依据的补料分批发酵。相对分批发酵,3种补料方式均可显著提高植物乳杆菌CHU-R的生物量和虾青素积累量,其中以过程DO为补糖依据的补料分批发酵中乳杆菌CHU-R的生物量和虾青素积累量可达到最高,分别为39.73g/L及1.88g/L,比对照分别提高2.6和2.8倍。该发酵全程保持较高的溶氧量和较低却足够的糖浓度,有利于乳杆菌CHU-R生长和虾青素积累,同时可为虾青素工业化生产提供数据参考和理论指导。

基于Zadoff-Chu序列的单载波抗截获波形设计

单载波系统中,采用相同的UW字进行捕获、多普勒估计和信道估计。目前采用相同的UW字容易被非合作方进行盲参数估计和捕获,危及信号的安全性和私密性。为了防止电子对抗中的窃听攻击,保护信号的安全性和私密性,设计针对单载波系统的抗截获波形。首先进行UW字的选择,选择符合进行捕获、多普勒估计和信道估计的UW字。设计新的帧格式,使其具有抗截获能力并保持SC-FDE原有的良好性能。将传统的同步头去掉,采用PMF-FFT方法进行捕获和多普勒估计,采用SC-FDE方法进行信道估计。对该帧格式的波形进行多普勒估计性能、误码率和循环特性抑制的仿真测试。仿真结果表明,在误码率影响极小的情况下、不增加复杂度的前提下,实现了单载波循环自相关的峰均比性能提高了91.72%,提高了波形的抗截获性能。

Environmental Risk Factors for Stomach Cancer in an African Setting about 193 Cases at the CHU Point G in Bamako/Mali

CHU (University Hospital Center) Point G: The department of surgery B is a surgical department of CHU Point G. The department is par excellence a reference department for cases of visceral surgery, cancer surgery, cardiovascular surgery, plastic and endocrinology surgery. As a reminder, the CHU Point G is the largest 3rd level referral hospital in Mali. Aim: To study the environmental risk factors of stomach cancer in the B surgery department of the Point G University Hospital in Bamako. Patients and Methods: We performed a cross-sectional study with retrospective collection from January 2008 to June 2018 (126 months). Results: We have identified 380 cases of digestive cancer, including 193 cases of stomach cancer or 50.79% of digestive cancers. The mean age of the patients was 57.21 ± 13 years. Male sex represented 55% (n = 106). Eating habits were dominated by the consumption of tô with potash (cereal paste) with 64.76% (n = 185). The main methods of preserving meat and fish were curing and smoking with 57.51% (n = 111). Chronic smoking was found in 24.35% (n = 47), alcohol + tobacco consumption in 2.59% (n = 5). The low socio-economic class represented 126 cases or 65.38%. Housewives and cultivators were respectively 37.82% (n = 73) and 227.97% (n = 54). 20.20% (n = 39) had a history of epigastric pain. Epigastralgia was the most common functional sign with 84.5% of cases (n = 169). An epigastric mass was found in 72 patients or 37.3%. Adenocarcinoma represented 97.4% (n = 188). Palliative surgery concerned the majority of our patients with 64.8% of patients (n = 79). The postoperative consequences were simple in 28.57% of cases (n = 28), the postoperative morbidity and mortality were respectively 33.61% (n = 41), and 23.77% (n = 29). The overall survival rate after surgery was 10.81% at 2 years and 2.94% at 5 years. This rate was 58.83% at 2 years and 28.50% at 5 years after curative surgery. Conclusion: The risk factors for stomach cancer are many and varied. Some are particularly present in Africa. Delay in diagnosis due to a belief in traditional healers is common in our community.

Maternal Mortality at the Teaching Hospital of Mother and Child Lagoon (CHU-MEL) in Benin: A Preventable Drama?

Introduction: The maternal mortality ratio in developing countries is 239/ 100,000 live births (LV) in 2015, compared to 12/100,000 live births (LV) in developed countries. This study aims to analyze the avoidability of maternal deaths at the CHU-MEL from 2015 to 2019. Patients and Method: This was a descriptive analytical study with retrospective data collection from January 1st 2015 to August 31st 2019, i.e. 56 months. The data were collected from medical records, maternal death registers, anaesthesia registers. They were entered and analyzed using Epi info version 7 software. The associations between avoidability of death and aetiologies were tested using Chi2 or Fisher’s test as appropriate. The threshold for statistical significance was 5%. Results: The maternal mortality ratio over 5 years was 905 maternal deaths per 100,000 LV. The age of the deceased women ranged from 15 to 44 years, with an average of 29.09 ± 7.04 years. They were illiterate or primary educated (47.02%), married (64.50%) primigravida or paucigravidae (47.02%) and primiparous or pauciparous (59.52%). Of the 151 maternal deaths, (90.73%) were deemed preventable. Delay was the main reason for maternal death, and 82.11% had at least one type of delay. There was no significant difference between the avoidability of death and the main aetiologies of haemorrhage (p = 0.865), infections (p = 0.208) and hypertensive complications (p = 0.438). Conclusion: The maternal mortality ratio during the study period was 905 maternal deaths per 100,000 LV. Deaths were preventable in 90.73% of cases. The avoidability factors found were varied.

Effect of Optimization of Agricultural Supply-side Factors on Characteristic Modern Agriculture--A Case Study of Chu Orange Manor

The structural imbalance of supply and demand of agricultural products is the result of agricultural products overemphasizing quantitative growth and neglecting quality improvement. The structural reform of agricultural supply side is to optimize the allocation of agricultural production factors,improve the quality and efficiency of supply,and meet the quality needs of consumers. The optimization of agricultural supply factors is the result of effective supply,rational allocation and comprehensive utilization of natural resources and social resources. The success of Chu Orange Manor has explained the function of the optimization of supply factors to the development of characteristic agriculture. That is,it has promoted the development of high-end agriculture,promoted the brand value of agricultural products,promoted the competitiveness of agriculture,broken the international green trade barrier of agricultural products,promoted the development of modern agriculture with characteristics,and realized the sustainable development of rural areas.

Epidemiological, Clinical, Therapeutic and Prognostic Aspects of Puerperal Infections within the Gynecology Obstetrics Department of Yalgado Ouedraogo University Teaching Hospital (CHU-YO), Burkina Faso

Objective: Conduct a study about the epidemiological, clinical, therapeutic and prognostic aspects of puerperal infections within Gynecology Obstetrics department of CHU-YO during the study period. Patients and Methods: This was a cross-sectional and descriptive study. The study period was from January 1st to December 31st, 2019. Data collection was retrospective. The exhaustive sample included all female patients having a puerperal infection. Results: Our study included 65 patients. The frequency of puerperal infections represented 1% of deliveries, the average age of patients was 27 ± 7.26 years. Housewives represented 64.4% of the patients. Hyperthermia and abdominal-pelvic pain respectively occurred in 63.8% and 21.3% of patients. The patients had given birth by caesarean section in 83.1% of cases. Endometritis represented 76.9% of cases of puerperal infections. The patients were treated with antibiotics, uterotonics and symptomatic therapy. Maternal death occurred in 13.9% of cases. Conclusion: A focus should be put on preventive measures in front of any high-risk puerperal infection situation.