Management Practices:Shaping Employee Satisfaction and Commitment in Large German Companies

The rapid evolution of the political,economic,and social landscape has generated increased interest in understanding the contextual application of management styles and behaviours toward employees.In this context,organizations must comprehend and assess employee satisfaction to enhance productivity and realize their strategic and economic goals.Therefore,this study aims to investigate the prevailing and significant management behaviours toward employees in large German companies and their impact on employee satisfaction and job commitment.To achieve the research objective,the study will employ a qualitative method to explore management behaviours toward employees.Data were collected through interviews with randomly selected managers from different companies and departments.The study aims to uncover discrepancies or variations in employee expectations regarding management behaviour.The findings will provide a better understanding of the most prevalent and significant management behaviours toward employees in large German companies and their impact on employee satisfaction and job commitment.The results will be valuable to management in adopting suitable leadership styles and improving employee satisfaction,leading to increased productivity and organizational performance.The research will contribute to the existing body of knowledge in the field of management and human resource management by providing insights into the impact of management behaviours on employees.It will also offer recommendations to management on how to enhance employee satisfaction and job commitment,leading to improved organizational performance.In conclusion,this study will investigate the prevailing management behaviours toward employees in large German companies and their impact on employee satisfaction and job commitment.

Research on the Impact of Equity Pledge on Company Value

This article aims to provide a literature review on the impact of equity pledges on corporate value,and to explore in depth the application of equity pledges as a financial tool in corporate governance and capital operation,as well as its multidimensional impact on corporate value.By reviewing and analyzing relevant literature both domestically and internationally,this article first defines the basic concept of equity pledges and then elaborates on the impact mechanism of equity pledges on company value from both positive and negative perspectives.In terms of positive impact,this article explores how equity pledges can promote corporate financing,optimize capital structure,and enhance the control of major shareholders over the company.In terms of negative impacts,the possible control risk,market risk,and potential damage to the interests of small and medium-sized shareholders brought about by equity pledges were analyzed.Furthermore,this article also discusses the differences in the impact of equity pledges on company value in different scenarios and proposes corresponding policy recommendations and research prospects.

基于ACT反馈的延续性护理对老年间质性肺炎患者治疗依从性的影响评价

分析以ACT反馈为基础的延续性护理模式,对老年间质性肺炎患者的影响价值。方法 从2022年7月开始,截至2023年7月,本院总计选入老年间质性肺炎患者60例,经抽签法进行两组均分。30例对照组实施基础护理,30例研究组实施基于ACT反馈的延续性护理。比较两组护理后肺功能水平、临床恢复结果、生活质量以及总依从率。结果 研究组各肺功能结果、生活质量评分高于对照组;恢复时间短于对照组;总依从率高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 老年间质性肺炎患者,进行基于ACT反馈的延续性护理,可提升生活质量和依从性,稳定肺功能水平。

麦粒灸对神经根型颈椎病大鼠脊髓及神经根Activin A/ActRⅠ/Smad4表达的影响

目的:通过观察麦粒灸“大椎”穴对神经根型颈椎病大鼠激活素A(Act A)、ActⅠ型受体(ActRⅠ)及受体后信号传导蛋白Smad4表达的影响,探讨麦粒灸治疗神经根型颈椎病(CSR)的镇痛机制。方法:将30只SPF级雌雄各半SD大鼠随机分为空白组、模型组、麦粒灸组,每组10只。采用椎管插线法制备CSR模型。模型组及麦粒灸组均于造模后待伤口恢复7 d,第8天开始干预。空白组正常喂养且不做任何干预措施,模型组仅予腹腔注射1 ml的0.9%氯化钠溶液,麦粒灸组在模型组基础上予麦粒灸“大椎”穴,6壮/次,1次/d。连续干预7 d后,观察各组大鼠步态评分,测量机械痛阈值,采用蛋白免疫印迹检测脊髓及神经根组织Act A、ActRⅠ及Smad4的蛋白。PCR检测脊髓及神经根组织Act A和ActRⅠ的mRNA表达水平,苏木素-伊红染色观察脊髓及神经根组织的形态结构,免疫荧光染色观察Smad4阳性表达水平。结果:与空白组比较,模型组、麦粒灸组大鼠步态评分升高、机械痛阈降低(P<0.05)。与模型组比较,麦粒灸组大鼠脊髓及神经根组织Act A、ActRⅠ及其mRNA表达水平均升高(P<0.05)。Western blotting和免疫荧光结果均显示Smad4表达增加;HE染色观察麦粒灸组脊髓形态损伤较模型组有所减轻,灰质区神经元固缩,尼氏小体减少,神经胶质细胞和毛细血管数量比模型组减少。结论:麦粒灸“大椎”穴能改善CSR大鼠疼痛阈值和运动功能,促进神经元损伤后修复,这与激活Activin A/ActRⅠ/Smad4信号通路有关。

专业认证背景下高校师范生知向行转化的逻辑路向--基于ACT认知模型视角

专业认证背景下高校师范生的“知”和“行”是师范生将“践行师德、学会教学、学会育人、学会发展”等“他知”内化后形成的结构化“我知”以及外化后生成的关联化教育行动。由“知”化“行”是师范生知识形态从陈述性向程序性自然变迁及其职业素养发展的基本要求。从ACT认知模型视角看,这种转化遵循“认知”“编辑”“调适”的逻辑发展规律。其中:“认知”是师范生以学习理解“他知”意义为任务,学以致知;“编辑”是师范生以整合碎片化意义为目标,学以致道;“调适”是师范生依托教育场域,应用“我知”,以知化形。

ACTED模式下综合康复训练在脑卒中患者住院-随访中的应用

目的探讨ACTED模式下综合康复训练在脑卒中患者住院-随访中的应用。方法选取2021年1月至2023年10月郑州大学第一附属医院康复医学科收治的150例脑卒中患者,按随机数字表法分为对照组和观察组,各75例。给予对照组常规康复训练,观察组在此基础上接受ACTED模式下综合康复训练。比较两组DE Morton活动指数(DEMMI)、平衡能力(BBS)、肢体功能(FMA)、步态参数、自我管理能力、生活质量(SIS)。结果观察组出院后3个月DEMMI、BBS、上下肢FMA评分高于对照组(P<0.05);观察组出院后3个月的步频、步长、步速高于对照组,双支撑期百分比低于对照组(P<0.05);观察组出院后3个月的自我管理能力、SIS评分评分高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论ACTED模式下综合康复训练能有效提高脑卒中患者自我效能与自我管理能力,改善患者运动功能,提高患者生活质量。

Commentary on“Synchronized activity of sensory neurons initiates cortical synchrony in a model of neuropathic pain”

In pat i e nt s,a s well as in animal mod e l s,hypersensitivity to external stimuli(hyperalgesia and allodynia)or spontaneous pain is often the first,and the most disabling,symptom of neuropathy(Davis et al.,2020).The increased activity of sensitive neurons drives pain development,making ion channel modulation a fundamental target for current pharmacotherapy as well as one of the most investigated by the R&D departments of pharmaceutical companies(Bennett et al.,2019).

Krüppel-like factor 2(KLF2),a potential target for neuroregeneration

Neurological disorders and injuries lead to the impairment or depletion of neurons in terms of quantity,structure,or function,resulting in the loss of cognitive,emotional,and physical abilities in human beings.This,in turn,accompanies the shortfall of valuable human resources and economic potential,causing a detriment to society.Addressing these challenges,therefore,becomes imperative not only from a humanitarian perspective but also as a means of preserving human capital and bolstering economic prosperity.

Setting the Arena Chinese companies play active roles in promoting sports in Africa

Enthusiastic football fans filled the 20,000 seats of the Laurent Pokou Stadium in San Pédro,C魌e d’Ivoire on 9 September,as the newly built stadium hosted its first official match,between C魌e d’Ivoire and Lesotho.Among the audience was Wang Neng,staff member of China Civil Engineering Construction Corp.,the builder of the venue.As a football lover,he was thrilled to watch his idol Sébastien Haller playing in the game and even took a photo with him after the match.As deputy manager for the company’s Laurent Pokou Stadium project,he came with 30 of his colleagues to see how people would find the modern facility they had built.“Everybody likes the stadium.Haller said it is very good in an interview after the match,”Wang told Beijing Daily.

Influence mechanism of government subsidy on the green transformation of coal company in China

The optimization of government subsidies to enhance the efficiency of coal companies’green transformation constitutes a critical component in the pursuit of global sustainability.We investigate the influence mechanism of government subsidies on the green transformation using data from the listed coal companies in China from 2007 to 2022.According to our findings and hypothesis testing,previous government subsidies did not have a significant direct impact on coal companies’green transformation.Nevertheless,government subsidies can help coal companies transition to greener practices by promoting innovative green initiatives.Furthermore,we confirmed an indirect route:that government subsidies enable the adoption of low-carbon initiatives,which in turn could facilitate the transition of coal companies towards green practices.In addition,we discovered that the coal company’s digitization will improve this indirect route.Thus,we propose increasing the effectiveness of government subsidies in facilitating coal companies’transition to green practices by focusing on technological advancements and enhancing company digitalization.

The Impact of Leadership on the Growth of ICT Companies

Nowadays,one of the major purposes of any company is to survive in the competitive business markets.This purpose would be achievable through improving and developing growth in most cases.Prior studies suggest that leadership is a vitally important factor in achieving growth in any company.Some researchers studied leadership topics as one of the significant motivations for developing and improving the growth of a company and agreed that understanding the role of leadership and its effect on the growth of the company is influential.In all countries,Information Communication Technology(ICT)companies are recognized as significant growth drivers by leaving considerable impacts on that.According to the literature,growth is a determining factor for the productivity of any company.Based on the literature of the ICTs,weak and insufficient leadership skills are considered as the main factors that cause failure in achieving the planned growth and development of ICT.Consequently,the goal of this study is to clarify how leadership affects the development of ICT enterprises.

Awareness of the Termination of Pregnancy Act of the Laws of Zambia among Women of Reproductive Age at Kanyama First Level Hospital in Lusaka District Zambia

Background: Termination of pregnancy (TOP) in Zambia is guided by the Termination of Pregnancy (TOP) Act of 1972 and as amended in 1994 of the laws of Zambia. However, despite provision of Comprehensive abortion care services with the liberal law, statistics at Kanyama First Level Hospital in relation to unsafe illegal abortions are alarming. This study sought to understand the Awareness on the TOP Act of the laws of Zambia among women of reproductive age 15 - 49 years at Kanyama First Level Hospital in Lusaka District. Purpose of the Study: To assess awareness on the TOP Act among women of reproductive age at Kanyama First Level Hospital in Lusaka, Zambia. Methodology: A convergent parallel mixed method design was conducted using both survey and in-depth interviews among women of reproductive age at Kanyama First Level Hospital in Lusaka District. The study surveyed 370 randomly sampled women aged 15 to 49 years old while the in-depth interviews included eight women purposively sampled from the survey population. Survey data was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics while qualitative data thematic analysis was used. Results: The study found that 37% of the participants were aware of the TOP Act while 63.8% viewed legalization of abortion for any reason as wrong. The study results also showed that widowed women were 8 times more likely to be aware of the TOP Act compared to single women (AOR: 8.262;95% CI: 1.105, 61.778). Women in business were significantly more likely to be aware of the TOP Act compared to those who reported having no occupation. (AOR: 2.61;95% CI: 1.246, 5.499). Limited access to information, the social stigma attached to abortion, health care providers’ attitudes, cultural norms, values and religious beliefs, restrictive legal requirements, and absence of a supportive network were some of the barriers affecting awareness and utilization of available safe abortion care services. Conclusions: The research findings concluded that a significant lack of awareness among women of reproductive age regarding the Termination of Pregnancy (TOP) Act. The majority of respondents held the view that abortion should only be legalized for medical reasons. Furthermore, there was a notable gap in knowledge concerning the penal code’s provisions on abortion.

Unraveling the Impact of Direct-Acting Antivirals on Hepatitis-Linked Cirrhosis: A Comprehensive Analysis of Fibrosis, Child Score, and Disease Progression

The treatment of hepatitis C has undergone a significant boom since the advent of direct acting antivirals (DAA). Indeed, the interferon-ribavirin combination that has been used to treat hepatitis C has a virological response in only 45% of cases with significant side effects. The advent of direct-acting antivirals has changed the prognosis of cirrhotic patients with hepatitis C. DAAs have ensured a sustained viral response in the majority of patients. Our work aims to see the evolution of hepatitis C patients at the cirrhosis stage under DAA. We conducted a retrospective study over 15 years (January 2009, January 2024) including all patients with post-viral cirrhosis C, whom we divided into two groups: group A, cirrhotic patients who received ribavirin and interferon, and group B, patients on DAA. From January 2009 to January 2024, we conducted a study of 182 patients with viral hepatitis C, including 102 cirrhotic patients. The mean age was 55 years. 66% of patients were initially treated with the ribavirin interferon combination, while 34% received direct-acting antivirals (DAAs). Since the introduction of DAAs, the most commonly used regimens have been sofosbuvir/daclatasvir with or without ribavirin and sofosbuvir/ledipasvir with or without ribavirin. Group A achieved sustained virological response (SVR) in 60% of cases, with notable side effects. In Group B, SVR was 98.18%, with improved tolerability and fewer side effects than previous treatments. Fifteen patients developed hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), with a significantly lower mortality rate in those treated with DAAs compared with pegylated dual therapy (p: 0.001).

User Perspective of Misplaced PPIUCD and Factors Resulting in PPIUCD Removal: Qualitative Pilot Study

Objective: The aim of the current study was to assess the impact of operative interventions for misplaced device among women who opted for PPIIUCD and the evaluation of reasons for PPIUCD removal within the follow up period of two years. Design: A descriptive exploratory study was conducted over three months among fourteen PPIUCD acceptors at a tertiary care health facility in Delhi, India. Face-to-face & telephonic in-depth interviews were conducted with a selected sample of PPIUCD acceptors who had later opted for its removal. Results: Participants (n = 14) aged 24 – 40 exhibited generally positive attitudes towards PPIUCDs indicating an indicate an understanding of the importance of PPIUCD in preventing unintended pregnancies. Menstrual disturbance and misplaced IUCD were major reasons for removal. despite their own experience necessitating the removal of IUCD, positive experience by other family members (mothers in law) in this study helped to keep the confidence on the contraceptive. Themes included (a) general experience of PPIUCD use (b) Health Facility accessed for removal of IUCD (c) Would she recommend it to others? (d) preferred contraceptive after removal of IUCD. Conclusion: Misplaced IUCD, missing thread, menstrual irregularities, and pain are all associated with PPIUCD and are important reasons for dissatisfaction. Appropriate, timely and supportive individualized care that address knowledge gaps, societal perceptions, and healthcare system challenges would certainly help in reducing dissatisfaction due to PPIUCD and thereby the removal rates.

Assessment Report on Business Environment for Foreign-funded Companies(Zhejiang)

In spite of the slowdown in world economic growth and the escalation of geopolitical tensions,the numerous multinational companies still cast votes of confidence in the Chinese market with their practical actions.In particular,Zhejiang Province displayed its magnetic attraction for high-quality foreign investment.Data shows that in 2023,the province’s actual use of FDI(foreign direct investment)came at USD 20.2 billion(exceeding USD 20.0 billion for the first time ever),ranked the 4th nationwide.The total FDI saw an increase of 4.8%year on year,and FDI used in the manufacturing sector rose by 85.8%,whose percentage in the total reached a record high.

ACTED康复护理模式在肩袖损伤合并冻结肩术病人中的应用

目的:探讨ACTED康复护理模式在肩袖损伤合并冻结肩术病人中的应用效果。方法:选取2022年1月—12月医院收治的90例肩袖损伤合并冻结肩术病人为研究对象,采用随机数字表法将病人分为观察组、对照组,每组45例,对照组行常规康复训练,观察组实施ACTED康复护理模式,比较两组病人干预前后功能锻炼自我效能、依从性及康复效果[疼痛视觉模拟评分(VAS)、肩功能活动度、肩关节功能评分(CMS)、日常生活功能评分(ADL)]。结果:干预后观察组病人功能锻炼自我效能、依从性评分较对照组明显提升(P<0.05),疼痛情况、肩袖关节活动能力及日常生活能力改善效果明显优于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:ACTED康复护理模式可提升肩袖损伤合并冻结肩术病人术后功能锻炼自我效能及依从性,从而改善病人肩关节功能,提升病人日常生活能力。

ACTED康复护理在重度子宫脱垂术后患者中的应用效果

目的:观察ACTED康复护理在重度子宫脱垂术后患者中的应用效果。方法:选取2019年12月至2022年7月该院收治的66例重度子宫脱垂术后患者进行前瞻性研究,按照随机数字表法将其分为观察组和对照组各33例。对照组采用常规康复护理,观察组在对照组基础上采用ACTED康复护理。比较两组康复优良率,护理前后盆底功能[盆底功能障碍问卷(PFDI-20)]、心理困扰程度[简易凯斯勒心理困扰量表(K10)]和健康行为能力[健康行为能力自评量表(SRAHP)]评分。结果:观察组康复优良率为93.94%(31/33),高于对照组的75.76%(25/33),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);护理3个月后,两组膀胱、肠道、盆腔等各项PFDI-20评分均低于护理前,且观察组低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组K10评分均低于护理前,且观察组低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组SRAHP评分均高于护理前,且观察组高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:ACTED康复护理应用于重度子宫脱垂术后患者,可提高康复优良率与健康行为能力,减轻盆底功能障碍和心理困扰程度,效果优于常规康复护理。

密旋链霉菌Act12发酵液对石油胁迫下紫花苜蓿幼苗生长及生理特性的影响

[目的]考察密旋链霉菌Act12发酵液对石油胁迫下紫花苜蓿幼苗生长及生理特性的影响,探讨其缓解石油胁迫的作用机制。[方法]以‘中苜3号’紫花苜蓿为供试植物,采用盆栽试验,考察质量分数3%(W/W)石油胁迫和不同浓度(0、1%、10%和100%)Act12发酵液处理下紫花苜蓿幼苗生长、根系构型、光合特性、渗透调节物质含量和抗氧化能力等指标的变化。[结果]相较于对照组(CK),3%石油胁迫显著抑制了幼苗的光合作用和生物量,同时增加了丙二醛(MDA)的积累,降低了可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白含量,改变了超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和过氧化物酶(POD)活性。中低浓度(1%和10%)的发酵液处理可以有效缓解石油胁迫对紫花苜蓿幼苗的毒害,并以10%的Act12发酵液效果最佳;与不施用Act12发酵液处理相比,10%Act12发酵液处理幼苗的株高、地上部干质量、地下部干质量、茎耐受指数、根耐受指数、总根长、根表面积、根体积和根尖数均显著增加,地上部分和地下部分MDA含量分别降低了42.49%和56.45%,可溶性糖含量分别增加了79.25%和89.83%,可溶性蛋白含量分别增加了167.63%和256.15%,根系SOD和POD活性分别提升了35.81%和57.33%。[结论]中低浓度密旋链霉菌Act12发酵液能有效增强石油胁迫下紫花苜蓿幼苗的抗氧化酶活性和渗透调节能力,降低MDA含量,提高光合作用能力,增加生物量,有效缓解石油胁迫对幼苗生长的抑制。

Characteristics and Insights of Offshore Oil and Gas Exploration and Development Investment

The oceans'vast expanse has given rise to copious oil and gas resources,with recent years witnessing a steady unlocking of offshore oil and gas potential,positioning them as a key successor in global energy reserves.Currently,offshore oil and gas extraction constitutes nearly a third of the world's oil and gas output.This segment has evolved into a mutually beneficial ecosystem where operators and service providers collaborate closely around exploration and development activities.Investment in offshore oil and gas typically follows a dual "one-third’"pattern,reflecting high upfront costs but promising returns.It also underscores the stark variations in project viability and regional economic efficiency,with monopolistic traits seen at both national and corporate levels.Collaboration has emerged as a key tactic for resource-rich countries and oil companies to advance their offshore ventures.Given the distinct nature of offshore oil and gas development,Chinese oil companies are advised to seize opportunities in marine exploration,emphasize the coordination and planning abilities of the global supply chain,focus on the reserves of offshore oil and gas development technologies,as well as the capabilities of commercial talents and other forms of support,courageously pursue significant offshore assets,and effectively utilize global technology,equipment,and expertise,and rapidly build a competitive edge in offshore oil and gas projects.

Research on the path of effective management of participation in joint-venture railway companies by China railway group

Purpose-Following the regional restructuring,the number of joint-venture railway companies in which the Group participates has significantly increased.This paper aims to explore the challenges faced by China Railway Group in managing participation in joint-venture railway companies.The study seeks to propose specific approaches to ensure the effective management of these companies,thereby maximizing the benefits of the regional restructuring and supporting the development of a strong transportation country and a modern infrastructure system.Design/methodology/approach-Based on the change in the shareholding relationship between China Railway Group and the joint-venture railway companies,and considering the current situation of the regional restructuring of these companies,as well as the insights from existing literature and typical case studies,this paper proposes some specific paths for effective management of joint-stock railway companies which China Railway Group participated in.Findings-The problems in participation management are the unclear dual leadership role of the party committee,the lack of discourse power,the lack of synergy between shareholders,the increasing risk of sustainable operation of the loss-making companies and the role of dispatched personnel is not fully played.Based on the theories,combined with the existing research and practical cases,the paper proposed specific approaches,such as perfecting top-level system design,maintaining the discourse power,carrying out differentiated management,arranging personnel rationally,arranging shareholders synergy,and innovating methods to provide references for China Railway Group’s subsequent management of joint venture railway companies.Originality/value-This paper contributes to the existing literature by providing a comprehensive analysis of the challenges faced by China Railway Group in managing participation in joint-venture railway companies following the regional restructuring.The study offers novel insights and practical recommendations for addressing these challenges.The findings can serve as valuable references for China Railway Group’s subsequent management of joint-venture railway companies which participated in,as well as for other stateowned enterprises facing similar challenges in managing their joint ventures.