Medium-term and Long-term Environmental Economic Policies on Thermal Power Industry in China Seen from the New Environment Protection Law

In the newly revised Environmental Protection Law of the People's Republic of China that has been implemented since January 1,2015,there is a lot of emphasis on environmental economic policies. In this paper,according to the current situation of environmental pollution and protection in thermal power industry,it is proposed that based on the new environmental protection law,it is needed to study various environmental economic policies on thermal power industry and analyze the effects on environmental cost of thermal power enterprises at the macro level. At the micro level,it is necessary to control environmental cost of thermal power enterprises effectively,and establish a suitable environmental management system for environmental economic policies including environmental cost accounting and trading of emission rights,thereby improving environmental management level of thermal power enterprises.

Norms of International Law on Environmental Protection in Wartime: Application and Improvement

The enormous environmental damage caused by war makes it necessary for international law to balance the reality of military necessity with the need to ensure the survival of human beings and other life forms. International law provides a large number of norms for environmental protection in wartime, constituting a legal order including general and special norms of wartime law and wartime environmental protection obligations of international law in peacetime. It explicitly prohibits unreasonable environmental damage caused by military needs in wartime. Contrary to the cognition that there is no international norm to protect the environment in wartime,the key reason that causes the effect of environmental protection in wartime is not as good as expected lies in the different degrees of defects in the application of these complex norms. It is a more important and practical path choice to renew the general principles of wartime environmental protection, expand the scope of application of wartime laws and special environmental norms, strengthen the wartime application of international law in peacetime, and give full play to the maximum effectiveness of the existing normative system than to expect the new convention to accomplish the whole task at one stroke.

Legislation Characteristics and Implementation Recommendations for Ecological and Environmental Protection Regulations on Qinling Mountains in Shaanxi Province

This paper analyzed status and significance of Ecological and Environmental Protection Regulations on Qinling Mountains in Shaanxi Province in structure of Shaanxi local environmental laws.Theses Regulations have two outstanding characteristics:firstly,integrated protection and development,accurately regulating and guiding relation coordination;secondly,attaching great importance to using economic means to protect ecological environment and provide basis for administration according to law.It came up with specific methods for speeding up formulation of Regulations,making effort to explore implementation cases for development of Guanzhong economic zone and Qinling Mountains ecological protection,establishing methods and systems for ecological and environmental protection follow-up monitoring and evaluation of Qinling Mountains,and raising these Regulations to national laws of Ecological and Environmental Protection for Qinling Mountains.

On the Criminal Law Protection of the Marine Ecological Environment

With the continuous and rapid development of the country’s economy and society,it has greatly promoted the leap of the marine economy and brought more severe challenges and tests to the protection of marine ecological environment.How to effectively measure the criminal law protection of the marine ecological environment and take effective measures Measures to deepen the effects of marine ecological environmental protection have become one of the focus topics of widespread concern in the industry.Based on this,this article first introduces the protection of marine ecological interests in China’s criminal law,analyzes the necessity of adjusting the ecological environment in criminal law,and discusses the deficiencies in China’s marine legal system and combines relevant practical experience to improve the marine environment.Various angles and aspects,such as laws and regulations related to resource crimes,put forward the basic approach to strengthen the criminal law protection of the marine ecological environment,and hope to help the practice of related work.

The Ministry of Environmental Protection Issued the Technical Guide for Pollution Prevention and Control of the Pulp and Paper Industry

In order to implement the Environmental Protection Law of the People’s Republic of China and improve the quality of the environment,to implement the Notice of the General Office of the State Council on Issuing the Implementation Plan for the Control of Pollutant Discharge Permit System(the General Office of the State Council issued[2016]No.81),to establish a sound available technology system in pollutant discharge standard basis and to promote the upgrading and reforming of pollution prevention measures and technological progress in enterprises and institutions,on January 5th,2018,the Ministry of Environmental Protection issued the National Environmental Protection Standard Available Technology Guide for Pollution Prevention and Control of the Pulp and Paper Industry(HJ 2302—2018).

The Ministry of Environmental Protection Issued the Paper Industry Pollution Prevention and Control Technology Policy

In order to implement the Environmental Protection Law of the People’s Republic of China,improve the environmental technology management system,guide pollution prevention and control,ensure human health and ecological safety,and guide the green recycling and low-carbon development of the paper industry,on August 2nd,2017,the Ministry of Environmental Protection issued Announcement No.35 2017 Paper Industry Pollution Prevention and Control Technology Policy as follows.

Does Environmental Laws and Policies Work?A Review Of Ghana’s Case

Enforcing environmental laws and policies has been one of the pressing agenda globally.Despite the mandate given to the Environmental Protection Agency(EPA)by the Act 490,there are still numerous environmental issues unaddressed in Ghana.This paper is geared towards unravelling and identifying the current additions that have been made to existing literature on environmental laws and policies in Ghana.This paper made a wide-ranging general literature review to outline significant contributions concerning environmental laws and policies.Numerous environmental laws and policies were identified but have been fragmented and are not codified in a particular document.It is evident from the review of literature existing that there are still areas for advanced research on the topic of environmental laws and policies placing more emphasis on institution concerned with environmental issues at global level.The study recommended the need for capacity building for environmental personnel and data due to the numerous technological advancement to better assist the implementation and enforcement of environmental laws in Ghana.

环境规制影响企业税收规避吗?--基于新《环保法》实施的准自然实验

作为重要的命令控制型环境规制工具,新《环保法》实施对企业经营产生了广泛的影响。以2010-2020年我国A股上市公司为样本,利用新《环保法》这一外生冲击事件,采用双重差分模型检验环境规制对企业税收规避的影响。结果表明,环境规制趋严促使企业提高税收规避程度。机制检验表明,环境规制导致企业融资约束程度和经营风险增加。进一步分析发现,环境规制与税收规避的正相关关系主要存在于融资难度较高和经营压力较大的企业,新《环保法》实施情境下的企业避税行为提升了财务业绩和企业价值。研究结论提供了微观企业如何应对宏观环境规制的经验证据,为政府部门结合税收政策优化环境政策提供了参考。

新《环境保护法》实施对产能过剩的影响研究

产能过剩已成为阻碍中国经济高质量发展的深层次问题。以沪深A股上市公司为研究对象,考察新《环境保护法》实施对产能过剩的影响。研究发现:新《环境保护法》实施缓解了企业产能过剩,且新《环境保护法》实施对产能过剩的影响,在大型企业、机构投资者持股比例较高和市场化程度高的样本中更为显著;新《环境保护法》通过促进企业技术创新和抑制过度投资影响产能过剩;新《环境保护法》实施可以通过缓解产能过剩,提升企业长期价值,而不能提升企业短期价值。

环境规制与资本跨地区流动——来自新《环保法》实施的证据

本文利用2010—2020年中国上市工业企业的异地投资数据,实证检验了新《环保法》的实施对资本流动的影响。研究发现,新《环保法》的实施能够显著减少重污染企业异地投资的策略性行为,主要作用途径是加强外部资源约束和推动内部策略合规。进一步研究表明,新《环保法》的实施在减少污染转移的基础上,提高了重污染企业的创新效率和创新数量。本文在全面畅通国内大循环的战略背景下,为构建高质量的资本流动格局提供了政策启示。

《资源税法》实施对资源型企业绿色技术创新的影响

2020年《资源税法》正式实施,其作为我国绿色税制的重要组成将从价计征改革成果上升固化为法律制度,开启我国经济绿色发展的新篇章,因此有必要对《资源税法》的实施效果进行分析。本文基于2013~2022年中国上市资源型企业的面板数据,采用双重差分模型实证分析《资源税法》实施对资源型企业绿色技术创新的影响及作用机制。研究结果表明:《资源税法》的实行,显著促进了资源型企业的绿色技术创新,机制检验表明《资源税法》的实施有助于增加资源型企业的研发创新投入,进而对资源型企业的绿色技术创新起到激励作用。异质性分析发现,《资源税法》的实施对中部和东部地区、国有资源型企业绿色技术创新的激励作用更明显;相较于绿色实用新型专利,《资源税法》的实施对资源型企业绿色发明专利的边际贡献更大。未来《资源税法》可以从增加企业绿色技术创新投入的激励性政策、促进资源税与财政税收政策协调配合、实施差异化的税收优惠等方面进行完善。

新《环保法》提升了企业绿色创新质量吗?——基于新《环保法》实施的准自然实验

以新《环保法》实施作为准自然实验,基于2012—2017年A股上市工业企业绿色专利被引用数量,探究新《环保法》的实施对企业绿色创新质量的影响。研究发现:新《环保法》的实施能够显著促进重污染行业企业绿色创新质量的提升,在进行一系列稳健性检验后,结论仍然成立。异质性分析表明:新《环保法》的实施能够显著促进东部地区企业、非国有企业以及成长期企业绿色创新质量的提升,而对中西部地区企业、国有企业以及成熟期企业绿色创新质量的影响不显著。机制分析发现:随着市场竞争程度的降低,新《环保法》的实施对企业绿色创新质量产生显著的负向影响。为提升微观企业绿色创新质量,提出适当提升市场竞争水平、实施差异化政策、营造更加公平的竞争环境、鼓励创新等政策建议。

习近平生态文明法治理论的基础命题:环境与经济协同发展

习近平生态文明法治理论的基础命题是环境与经济协同发展。习近平生态文明法治理论将生态环境保护的地位提升至前所未有的高度,目的并不是为了使生态环境保护在整体上处于优先经济发展的地位,而是为了补齐生态环境保护相对于经济发展而言所存在的短板。环境与经济协同发展也是习近平生态文明法治理论的逻辑主线,体现在习近平生态文明法治理论的主要内容之中,它将习近平生态文明法治理论的各个部分融贯成一个体系。习近平生态文明法治理论不仅从各个方面全面论述和揭示了环境与经济协同发展的深刻道理,而且为环境与经济协同发展的实现提供了完备的方法论指导和保障,引领并推动人与自然和谐之中国式现代化建设更快更好地开展。

环境保护税法与企业绿色创新——基于环境合法性和资源获取的链式中介模型

环境保护税法是促进企业绿色创新的重要驱动力。基于环境合法性和资源依赖理论,采用2007—2022年中国A股上市公司的非平衡面板数据,以《环境保护税法》实施为准自然实验,使用倾向得分匹配和双重差分方法(PSM-DID),分析了中国环境保护税法对企业绿色创新的影响,环境合法性、绿色补贴和融资约束的链式中介效应以及市场垄断的调节效应。研究发现,环境保护税法的压力机制和激励机制对企业绿色创新具有促进作用;环境保护税法能够促进企业获取环境合法性,拥有环境合法性的企业能够获得绿色补贴和缓解融资约束,进而间接地促进企业绿色创新;市场垄断阻碍了环境保护税法对企业绿色创新的积极推动作用。研究结论不仅为理解环境保护税法如何影响企业绿色创新提供了新的视角,也为法制部门完善环境保护税法、政府部门遏制市场垄断以及企业环境合法性的获取等提供重要启示。

基于《环境保护法》的制革工业环境保护研究

原料皮在制成革的过程中产生废毛、污泥和废水,其中富含多种重金属及活性物质。如果对其处理不当,将会对环境造成危害。《环境保护法》是保护生态环境的法律制度。如果企业破坏生态平衡、违反环境法规,轻则停产、重则关厂。了解《环境保护法》有利于企业长期发展,与生态环境和谐共存。这既是企业的责任,也是义务。本文通过研究《环境保护法》概况,分析《环境保护法》对制革工业的影响,有利于制革工业环境保护,促进制革工艺绿色升级,使企业了解《环境保护法》内容,进一步完善合规经营,为生态环境的健康与企业发展提供参考。

环境规制如何影响制造业企业ESG水平?——基于新《环保法》的准自然实验

制造业作为中国主要生产部门,排污耗能问题突出。在“绿色制造”加速推进下探究其面对日益趋严的环境规制如何转型升级具有重要意义。基于此,以新《环保法》为例从制造业企业ESG(环境-社会-治理)表现角度实证高强度环境规制对其可持续发展具有正向影响且主要通过推动数字技术应用、缓解融资约束及降低外部竞争等渠道发挥作用。该研究不仅从企业长期发展目标层面补充新《环保法》是否有效的实证检验,且综合企业内外部视角剖析高强度环境规制的作用机制。

海洋环境保护法之违反规定进行海洋工程建设的法律问题研究

随着海洋强国战略的提出,海洋资源将得到进一步开发和利用,但由于海洋环境的复杂性,人类开发技术的局限性和海洋开发的盲目性,人们在进行海洋开发时会使海洋环境遭到不同程度的影响。文章根据海洋工程建设项目行为的现状出发,结合《中华人民共和国海洋环境保护法》及其相关的法律的规定,分析违反规定进行海洋工程建设项目行为,发现存在着对相关部门的责任划分不明确、海洋环境损害处罚力度不够、海洋环境损害恢复机制不完善、提起海洋环境公益诉讼的主体范围较小等问题,从完善对相关责任主体的认定,严格规定法律责任、健全环境修复的配套机制,增加提起公益诉讼的主体资格等措施出发提出完善建议,从而规范海洋工程建设行为,促进海洋开发活动健康发展。

新中国成立以来我国环境法制建设的发展历程

1949—1977年我国环境法制建设萌芽。1973年我国制定了第一部环境保护法律文件。1978—1991年,我国环境法制建设起步并蓬勃发展,环境保护首次被写入宪法及其完善,环境保护法试行并于10年后正式颁布实施,诸多单行环境保护法律颁布实施。1992—2012年,我国先后制定出台多项单行法律,加快推进环境立法进程,建立和完善更加合理科学、系统高效的法律保障体系。党的十八大以来,我国既创新出台了新的相关法律条文,也对现有相关环境保护法律进行了修订。这一时期我国制定出台及修订完善了一系列一般性环境保护法律,开展了专门性环境立法及修订工作,我国环境法制建设进入系统完善阶段。

生态环境损害赔偿的逻辑重构--从“权利救济”到“义务证成”的嬗变

当前生态环境损害赔偿主要是在自然资源国家所有权的理论框架内进行设计,但在权利话语下,不仅自然资源国家所有权的性质争议引发诉讼性质认定之困难,而且权利本质的个人性与生态环境的公共性相悖。为避免循此“权利救济”逻辑安排给环境司法造成不可忽视的漏洞,有必要转向义务视角证成政府提起索赔的内在逻辑。即生态环境损害赔偿制度的实质是政府履行环境保护义务的新方式。鉴于此,首要的是遵循行政优先原则将生态环境损害赔偿诉讼作为行政执法不能之兜底手段,在此基础上合理赋权和严格控权以保证赔偿磋商的公平公正,同时应完善问责机制以避免政府索赔角色的冲突,最后衔接好生态环境损害赔偿与关联诉讼的关系,进而保障该制度的全面推进。