Reflections on Studying Huang Di Nei Jing in the West

Huang Di Nei Jing(《黄帝内经》The Yellow Emperor’s Inner Classic) has been the source text of Chinese medicine knowledge and innovation for over two thousand years. Despite this key relevance, many of its ideas and practices have proven difficult to understand and implement fully into clinical practice. Cultural and language differences can be compounded with these challenges but may also present new opportunities for advancement and insight when studied by researchers outside of the originating culture. This article introduces the method of Classical-Text Archaeology and delves into the author’s two-decade journey of researching this text, with a discussion on cultural differences and issues of medical scholarship.

Research on the origin of the theory of“heart as monarch”in Huang Di Nei Jing(Yellow Emperor’s Internal Classic)

Scholars have previously attributed the theoretical origin of“the heart is the monarch/ruler”to the monarchical view of politics.However,according to the latest unearthed documents and relevant documents handed down from ancient times,it can be found that the theory of“the heart is the monarch”might derive from the importance of attachment to the“Zhong”ideology in traditional culture,which promoted the concept that the heart as the center of body,should be the ruler and was later evolved as the“monarch”.Similar cognitive views were all mentioned in Confucianism,Taoism,eclectics scholars and other pre-Qin literature,but only in the system of traditional Chinese medicine,they played a significant role in building the heart-centered theory of Zang-Fu.Traditional Chinese medicine is a discipline developed mainly by clinical practice with the fundamental purpose of curing diseases and saving people.Although the philosophy of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)roots in the pre-Qin Dynasty,the development is unique to the other philosophies.With rich cultural connotations and philosophical thoughts,TCM is certainly the key to the treasures of Chinese civilization and deserves more attention and exploration.

Global Localization and Overseas Dissemination of Huang Di Nei Jing English Translation

Aiming to promote overseas acceptance level of the domestic English version of Huang Di Nei Jing Su Wen on the premise of preserving the cultural characteristics of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), this paper made a comparative analysis of different translations of Chinese character "和"(he) in three English versions of Su Wen, based on the discourse theory of "global localization". The analysis reveals that Li’s translation uses the strategy of transliteration plus interpretation to preserve the original Chinese classic’s style, thinking, and ideas, but the effect is not satisfactory. Veith’s free translation enables overseas readers to understand the content relatively easily, but fails to convey the rich TCM cultural connotation. Unschuld’s translation strictly follows the principles of linguistics in order to reflect the original thinking and idea to the utmost extent, and at the same time takes into account the expressions commonly used by the readers of English-speaking countries. That’s the reason why his translation enjoys the greatest popularity among professionals and the general public alike overseas. It is also clear from the analysis that different social historical contexts in which Su Wen was translated and each translator’s subjectivity determine translation’s target audiences, purposes, and ultimately translation strategies. Therefore, in order to speed up the "going out" of TCM culture, domestic translators are suggested to determine target audience and translation purpose in the first place, and study overseas readers’ knowledge background, information needs, reading habits, and value orientation before deciding the translation strategies.

Series of Interpretation on Yellow Emperor’s Internal Classic (Ⅲ):Unity of Spirit and Body:Views from Huang Di Nei Jing (《黄帝内经》Yellow Emperor’s Internal Classic)

Human life activities are inevitably affected by the surrounding environment,such as natural and social environment.It is the basic principle of TCM to set a series of medical practice activities.TCM believes that the social environment has an inestimable influence on the mind and body of human beings.This study introduces the unity of spirit and body in traditional Chinese medicine.

The Taoism Philosophy within Traditional Chinese Medicine:The Relation between Huang Di Nei Jing(《黄帝内经》Yellow Emperor’s Inner Classic)anti Dao De Jing(《道德经》Tao Te Jing)

Taoism refers lo an indigenous Chinese philosophical and religious tradition.For more than two and a half millennia,it has had a profound social and intellectual influence on Eastern Asia and since the 19^th century has deeply influenced Western countries.Dao DeJing(《道德经》Tao TeJing)is still considered to be the primary text of Taoism.The Too TeJing is attributed to Laozi,the classical Chinese Philosopher,and describes the major doctrines of Taoism.It is most relevant to Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM).This article offers a brief introduction to the Taoism within TCM-the relation between Huang Di Nei Jing(《黄帝内经》The Yellow Emperor s Inner Classic)and Dao De Jing(《道德经》Tao TeJing).

Series of Interpretation on Yellow Emperor’s Inner Classic: Two Correspondence between Human and the Heaven: Views from Huang Di Nei Jing (《黄帝内经》 Yellow Emperor’s Inner Classic)

This paper introduces the relations between human and the nature in traditional Chinese medicine(TCM).TCM is a science dedicated to studies on laws of human life activities.

A Comparative Research of Two English Translations of the Chapter “Comprehensive Discourse on Phenomena Corresponding to Yin and Yang” in Huangdi's Internal Classic

Culture-loaded words refer to words with specific cultural connotations that can express an abstract or a specific concept,which may be related to religious beliefs or social customs,but do not exist in other languages and cultures.Therefore,culture-loaded words bring some difficulties to translation work.Huang Di Nei Jing(《黄帝内经》Huangdi’s Internal Classic)is the foundation of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)theory,and is listed as the first of the four classics of TCM.It contains a large number of cultureloaded words,which embody the ancient Chinese traditional culture.The translation of culture-loaded words is a difficult but crucial point in the translation of Huangdi’s Internal Classic and directly relates to the quality of the translation of Huangdi’s Internal Classic as a whole.Taking the two English versions of Maoshing Ni and Li Zhaoguo as examples,this work identifies the culture-loaded words appearing in the chapter“Yin Yang Ying Xiang Da Lun”(阴阳应象大论Comprehensive Discourse on Phenomena Corresponding to the Yin and Yang).This work studies the strategies and translation process of culture-loaded words in Huangdi’s Internal Classic,with a view to contribute to the English translation of TCM classics.

中医经典海外传播研究——以《黄帝内经》海外课堂为例

中医经典海外传播对中医药国际化具有重要意义,然而目前中医经典海外传播存在课程覆盖面有限、语言障碍、师资明显不足等困境。通过考察法国汉学家伊丽莎白(Elisabeth Rochat de la Vallée,中文名罗姹)在美国科罗拉中医教学时的《黄帝内经》课堂,发现其以“汉字立论”的跨国际授课方式对中医经典的海外传播与教授具有借鉴意义。未来,中医经典海外传播应加大人才培养力度,保持积极的开放态度,并与更多海外汉学家建立联系。

基于六经开阖枢理论探赜遗精治疗

六经开阖枢理论首见于《黄帝内经》,阐述三阴三阳为天地之道、生杀之本的观点,强调通过调节枢机开阖以实现一气周流无碍,气血阴阳平衡。兹从六经阴阳开阖枢理论探赜遗精的治疗,认为肝、脾、肾枢机斡旋失司、开阖失调是遗精发生的关键,分而论之为土湿阳衰、肝木不升、水火失交、肾虚水寒,从而出现气化不利,加重壅塞,最终导致遗精。因此,治疗应强调恢复枢机开阖之力,调控肝、心、脾、肾各脏气机升降出入的动态平衡,应用疏肝解郁、交通心肾、温肾助阳等治法,引导厥阴、少阴、少阳等经脉正气回归,达到气血循行通畅、脏腑功能恢复的目的,为遗精的临床治疗提供新思路。

基于《黄帝内经》“阴平阳秘”理论探讨运用温阳法治疗皮肤病

“阴平阳秘,精神乃治”意指人体最佳健康状态。阴阳理论是中医理论的根基,调和阴阳是治疗慢性皮肤病的关键。阴阳平衡的关键在于阳气足,阳气充足则卫外固密,正气存内,邪气难以入侵,无形之邪难以化为有形之邪。临证中发现,阳化气不足是皮肤病发生发展的重要原因之一。通过温阳散邪,辅以解肌祛风、调和营卫、温通散寒、清热解毒、养血润燥等法,可使虚阳得温,阳伏阴中,阴平阳秘,诸病得消。

“粗守关上守机”理论下疼痛的多维针刺治疗策略

据古鉴今,探讨《黄帝内经》中“粗守关上守机”理论内涵并详悉其与多维疼痛的针刺治疗关联性。从《黄帝内经》“粗守关上守机”理论出发,结合现代生理、心理及社会关系三方面影响,与疼痛三维度进行相关性分析,并从“守关”“守机”两层角度论述针刺治痛的多维策略,实现疼痛的全方位治疗,在符合人体生理、病理基础,彰显良好社会关系上,将为患者带来明显获益。

从《黄帝内经》“九针之宜,各有所为”思想浅论罐具在拔罐中的作用

罐具是拔罐的载体,发展到当代罐具种类丰富,使用不同罐具拔罐所产生的刺激量不同,发挥的治疗效应亦有差异。临床上应当根据不同的病证选择不同的罐具,但对罐具性能功用的论述尚不成熟。《黄帝内经》中记载用于针灸临床的多种针具被称为九针,从九针的长短形状规格论述了不同针具在刺激层次与刺激量上的差异,提出不同针具治疗效果、适应病证有所不同的“九针之宜,各有所为”理论。在此思想的启发下,讨论罐具的大小规格材质等方面对拔罐作用效应的影响,提出罐具的形质不同,产生的刺激层次、刺激量、治疗效应不同,适应病证的种类亦不同,即“罐具不同,各有所施”,以期为临床上罐具的选择提供参考。

基于《黄帝内经》营卫理论探讨银屑病的发生发展

银屑病,中医称之为白疕,是一种慢性的炎症性的皮肤疾病,具有很强的遗传倾向和自身免疫致病特征,并且与许多其他疾病相关。该病病因及病机尚未彻底明确,且临床治疗较难,易反复,严重影响患者身心健康。近年来,中医在治疗银屑病方面疗效显著,可是关于该病的发生,以及迁延不愈的难题却始终困惑着病人和临床医师。笔者主要从《黄帝内经》的营卫学说角度,立足于阴阳理论,以卫失卫外,营失内守,内生痰浊瘀血为病机,以调和营卫、固护脾胃为治疗原则,深刻阐析了银屑病发生发展的中医理论根源,认为营卫失和是引起银屑病发生和缠绵难愈的核心原因,并指出银屑病共患病的产生也与营卫不和所引起的机体环境变化有关,因此该文用《内经》营卫理论可以为银屑病的预防治疗提出了新思路。

基于《黄帝内经》思想探讨张仲景眩证论治规律

明确《黄帝内经》与《伤寒杂病论》的传承关系,分析《黄帝内经》眩晕论治思想对张仲景的影响,梳理总结《黄帝内经》《伤寒杂病论》论述眩证的内容,从外邪致眩、痰饮致眩、因虚致眩等方面,探讨张仲景眩证论治规律,以期为临床辨治眩证提供参考。

《黄帝内经》之“肾治于里”理论探赜

“肾治于里”一词首见于《黄帝内经》,常理解为“肾位置在里,主治于里”或“肾主水,其气内治于里”。然而,众医者对其含义认识仍有分歧,在指导临床实践时亦有困惑。从“肾治于里”的文义、理论意义及临床价值方面进行探赜,“肾治于里”的文义可从肾的位置、肾的功能、肾与易学三方面解读,其理论意义及临床价值可从“肾为至阴,五行主水”“肾与冬应,藏精,主蛰守位”“肾内寓真阴真阳、为脏腑阴阳之本”“肾之经脉属少阴”四方面阐释。虽然众医者对“肾治于里”理论的诠释不同,呈现出各家学说的特点,但本质上均是对《黄帝内经》“肾治于里”理论的传承创新。因此,医者在临床应用时要灵活运用,为“肾治于里”的临床运用提供理论支撑。

哲学诠释学视域下的中医典籍翻译批评多维度研究--以《黄帝内经·素问》为例

典籍外译是弘扬中国文化的重要组成部分。长期以来翻译批评关注文学翻译,非文学翻译质量得不到改善。《黄帝内经》作为中国现存最早的医学典籍,其翻译批评研究具有深远的意义。本文从哲学诠释学视角出发,以威斯译本和李照国译本为例,从文本、译者、接受三个维度探讨《黄帝内经·素问》的翻译批评研究,从而推动中医典籍翻译批评形成一个深层、多元、动态的研究体系。

任、督、冲脉“一源三歧”“异名同体”探析

任、督、冲脉理论为奇经八脉理论的重要内容。王冰提出任、督、冲脉“一源三歧”“异名同体”学说,体现三脉之间的密切联系。以《黄帝内经》《难经》《脉经》《针灸甲乙经》为基础,分析以上两种认识。认为“一源三歧”为任、督、冲脉同起于小腹深处肾下胞中,三脉浅出体表位置不同,受《针灸甲乙经》影响,针灸学教材认为三脉同出于会阴。《黄帝内经》认为任脉上循脊里、督脉少腹直上,故王冰认为任脉、督脉命名实为区别腹背阴阳,但冲脉与任脉、督脉循行并未重合。任、督、冲脉“异名同体”包含任、督脉的循行重合与冲、督脉生理病理密切联系两层含义。

A review on different English versions of an ancient classic of Chinese medicine:Huang Di Nei Jing

Huang Di Nei Jing （Nei Jing）, one of the most important classical texts of traditional Chinese medicine, is the foundation upon which today＇s Chinese medicine principles are built. This seminal ancient classic has been translated into English many times by different scholars worldwide. The authors have found thirteen English versions, each of which has its own distinctive features. By reviewing different versions and research achievements of the English translation, the authors try to summarize the translation style, purpose, content and other features of each version, and point out each translation＇s weaknesses, strengths, or significance. The emerging of so many English versions of Nei Jing, an ancient and sophisticated text, shows that scholars have disparate understanding of its language and concepts. Additionally, different educational backgrounds, professions and goals of the translators will all contribute to different perspectives and approaches in the translation. It is understandable that so many versions of translation exist for such an ancient and important classic. However, to achieve truly accurate translation of ancient classical texts of Chinese medicine, all translators should abide by certain basic requirements and translation principles.

五运六气时相因素对胎孕不育影响的观察

目的:观察五运六气时相因素对稽留流产的影响,验证《黄帝内经·五常政大论》中关于运气因素影响人类胎孕的相关条文。方法:收集2006~2020年15年间南京市妇幼保健院及2012~2020年9年间扬州市妇幼保健院稽留流产/胎停育数据,根据干支纪年的天干地支确定2006~2020年各年份的司天、在泉之气,对比不同运气年份的稽留流产/胎停育数据,根据《黄帝内经》相关条文,观察是否某运气年份稽留流产/胎停育例数明显增多。结果:两家医院15、9年间共计收治稽留流产/胎停育病例28059例。不同年份对比发现,运气年份为少阳相火司天、厥阴风木在泉时(2010、2016年)稽留流产/胎停育病例数较其他年份明显增多;太阳寒水在泉运气年份(2009、2015年)稽留流产/胎停育病例数有较明显增多。结论:运气因素对稽留流产/胎停育有影响,少阳相火司天、厥阴风木在泉、太阳寒水在泉运气年份对人类胎孕不利。《黄帝内经·五常政大论》关于运气因素对胎孕不育影响的有关条文时至今日仍然可以得到验证。

基于《黄帝内经》脾之生理多维度探讨胰腺癌治脾策略

“积聚日久,法从中治”已成为学界辨治恶性肿瘤的重要准则,胰腺癌恶性程度极高,究其病位在脾,故其防治更应重脾。基于《黄帝内经》脾之生理多维度探讨胰腺癌的防治策略,总结认为脾之生理异常为胰腺癌发生发展的关键。从胰腺癌的癌变期、瘤体期、转移期、康复期等多个时间维度,在扶正祛邪治则指导下,深入探讨以脾为病位的胰腺癌具体治脾思路。维度不同,则有“脾困”与“脾虚”之异,脾困又分脾为己困、脾被邪困,脾虚又分邪在脾虚、邪去脾虚,故治脾策略便不同。结合现代研究与临证经验,总结醒脾护脾防癌变、清脾燥脾抑瘤体、补脾益脾控转移、滋脾理脾促康复的临证思路,以期为胰腺癌的中医临床防治提供借鉴。