Stability and transepithelial transport of oligopeptide(KRQKYD)with hepatocyte-protective activity from Jinhua ham in human intestinal Caco-2 monolayer cells

The study evaluated the stability of an oligopeptide(Lys-Arg-Gln-Lys-Tyr-Asp,KRQKYD)and its transport mechanism by simulating gastrointestinal digestion and a model of human intestinal Caco-2 monolayer cells in vitro.In this study,the effects of environmental factors(temperature,pH and NaCl concentration)and simulated gastrointestinal digestion on the stability of KRQKYD were evaluated by indicators of the levels of alanine transaminase(ALT),aspartate transaminase(AST)and malondialdehyde(MDA)in an alcoholinduced hepatocyte injury model.The results showed that KRQKYD still maintained satisfactory hepatocyteprotective activity after treatment with different temperatures(20-80℃),pH(3.0-9.0),NaCl concentration(1%-7%)and simulated gastrointestinal digestion,which indicated that KRQKYD showed good stability to environmental factors and simulated gastrointestinal digestion.Furthermore,the intact KRQKYD could be absorbed in a model of Caco-2 monolayer cells with a P_(app)value of(9.70±0.53)×10^(-7)cm/s.Pretreatment with an energy inhibitor(sodium azide),a competitive peptide transporter inhibitor(Gly-Pro)and a transcytosis inhibitor wortmannin did not decrease the level of transepithelial KRQKYD transport,indicating that the transport mechanism of KRQKYD was not associated with energy dependent,vector mediated and endocytosis.The tight junction disruptor cytochalasin D significantly increased the level of transepithelial KRQKYD transport(P<0.05),suggesting that intact KRQKYD was absorbed by paracellular transport.

Synergistic effects of the entomopathogenic fungus Isaria javanica and low doses of dinotefuran on the efficient control of the rice pest Sogatella furcifera

The rice planthopper,Sogatella furcifera,is a piercing-sucking insect pest of rice,Oryza sativa.It is responsible for significant crop yield losses,and has developed moderate to high resistance to several commonly used chemical insecticides.We investigated the effects of the insect fungal pathogen Isaria javanica,alone and in combination with the chemical insecticide dinotefuran,on S.furcifera under both laboratory and field conditions.Our results show that I.javanica displays high infection efficiency and mortality for different stages of S.furcifera,reducing adult survival,female oviposition and ovary development.Laboratory bioassays showed that the combined use of I.javanica with a low dose(4-16 mg L^(-1))of dinotefuran resulted in higher mortality in S.furcifera than the use of I.javanica or dinotefuran alone.The combined treatment also had more significant effects on several host enzymes,including superoxide dismutase,catalase,peroxidase,and prophenol oxidase activities.In field trials,I.javanica effectively suppressed populations of rice planthoppers to low levels(22-64%of the level in untreated plots).Additional field experiments showed synergistic effects,i.e.,enhanced efficiency,for the control of S.furcifera populations using the combination of a low dose of I.javanica(1×10^(4) conidia mL^(-1))and a low dose of dinotefuran(~4.8-19.2%of normal field use levels),with control effects of>90%and a population level under 50 insects per 100 hills at 3-14 days post-treatment.Our findings indicate that the entomogenous fungus I.javanica offers an attractive biological control addition as part of the integrated pest management(IPM)practices for the control of rice plant pests.

Bioactive chemical constituents from the marine-derived fungus Cladosporium sp.DLT-5

A new isochromanone,cladosporinisochromanone(1),accompanied by 15 known compounds(2–16)were obtained from secondary metabolites produced by marine-derived fungus Cladosporium sp.DLT-5.NMR and HRESIMS spectra elucidation determined the planar structure of 1.Subsequent electronic circular dichroism(ECD)experiment assigned the absolute configuration of 1.Compounds 1,2,4–6,and 10 displayed different degrees of neuroprotective activities on human neuroblastoma cells SH-SY5Y.Five compounds(1,3–5,and 13)emerged resistance to protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B(PTP1B),further kinetic analysis and molecular docking study indicated that the most potent compound 13(IC50value of 10.74±0.61μmol/L)was found as a noncompetitive inhibitor for PTP1B.Surface plasmon resonance(SPR)and molecular docking studies also demonstrated the interaction between compound 12 and Niemann-Pick C1 Like 1(NPC1L1),which has been identified as significant therapeutic target for hypercholesteremia.In addition,compounds 3,6,and 14 showed attractive inhibitory activity against the phytopathogenic fungi:Colletotrichum capsici.Therefore,library of Cladosporium metabolites is enriched and new active uses of known compounds are explored.

The antifungal properties of terpenoids from the endophytic fungus Bipolaris eleusines

A series of terpenoids(1-17),comprising six new compounds designated bipolariterpenes A-F(1-6)and eleven rec-ognized compounds(7-17),were isolated from the wheat culture of the potato endophytic fungus Bipolaris eleusines.Their structures and stereochemistry were clarified by HRESIMS,NMR,DP4+probability analyses,and computations for electronic circular dichroism(ECD).All compounds are made up of six meroterpenoids,four sesterterpenes and seven sesquiterpenes.Among them,four sesterterpenes(4,5,10,11)were investigated for their antifungal,antibacterial and cytotoxic properties,and six meroterpenoids(1-3,7-9)were evaluated for their antifungal properties.The compounds 7,9,and 10 had substantial antifungal activity against Epidermophyton floccosum at a concentration of 100μM.No antibacterial and cytotoxic activities were observed.

Three previously undescribed metabolites from Cordyceps cicadae JXCH-1,an entomopathogenic fungus

Three previously undescribed compounds,cordycicadione(1),cordycicadin F(2),and 7-hydroxybassiatin(3),were isolated from the cultures of Cordyceps cicadae JXCH1,an entomopathogenic fungus.Their structures and relative configurations were elucidated primarily by NMR spectroscopic analysis.The absolute configurations of 1 and 2 were determined by ECD calculations.Single-crystal X-ray diffraction method was adopted to determine the absolute configuration of 3.Compound 2 is a polycyclic polyketide with an unusual enol ether moiety and a spiro ring.The compounds obtained in this study were subjected to screening their inhibition against the proliferation of the human lung cancer cell line A549 and the production of nitric oxide in murine macrophages RAW264.7.

Hericium erinaceus,a medicinal fungus with a centuries-old history:Evidence in gastrointestinal diseases

Hericium erinaceus is an edible and medicinal mushroom commonly used in traditional Chinese medicine for centuries.Several studies have highlighted its therapeutic potential for gastrointestinal disorders such as gastritis and inflammatory bowel diseases.In addition,some components of this mushroom appear to possess strong antineoplastic capabilities against gastric and colorectal cancer.This review aims to analyse all available evidence on the digestive therapeutic potential of this fungus as well as the possible underlying molecular mechanisms.

Robust Deep Learning Model for Black Fungus Detection Based on Gabor Filter and Transfer Learning

Black fungus is a rare and dangerous mycology that usually affects the brain and lungs and could be life-threatening in diabetic cases.Recently,some COVID-19 survivors,especially those with co-morbid diseases,have been susceptible to black fungus.Therefore,recovered COVID-19 patients should seek medical support when they notice mucormycosis symptoms.This paper proposes a novel ensemble deep-learning model that includes three pre-trained models:reset(50),VGG(19),and Inception.Our approach is medically intuitive and efficient compared to the traditional deep learning models.An image dataset was aggregated from various resources and divided into two classes:a black fungus class and a skin infection class.To the best of our knowledge,our study is the first that is concerned with building black fungus detection models based on deep learning algorithms.The proposed approach can significantly improve the performance of the classification task and increase the generalization ability of such a binary classification task.According to the reported results,it has empirically achieved a sensitivity value of 0.9907,a specificity value of 0.9938,a precision value of 0.9938,and a negative predictive value of 0.9907.

New secondary metabolites with cytotoxicity from fungus Penicillium roqueforti

Two novel compounds including a cyclohelminthol type polyketide(namely oxaleimide K,1)and a maleimide deriva-tive(namely peniroquefortine A,2),and a new natural product(namely 2-(acetylamino)-N-[(1E)-2-phenylethenyl]-acetamide,3),together with four known compounds(4-7),were isolated and identified from fungus Penicillium roqueforti,which was separated from the root soil of Hypericum beanii N.Robson collected from the Shennongjia For-estry District,Hubei Province.Their structures including absolute configurations were mainly established by the NMR spectroscopy analyses and single-crystal X-ray diffraction experiment.Compound 1 represents the second example of a cyclohelminthol type polyketide,which features a rare 6/6/5/5 tetracyclic system and a branched aliphatic chain containing a terminal olefin(oct-1-en-3-yl)moiety,and compound 2 possesses an unprecedented carbon skeleton that is uniquely defined by a maleimide moiety linked to the respective 4-methylene-2-(3-methylbut-2-en-1-yl)-phenol and para-substituted aromatic moieties via the carbon-carbon bonds.Remarkably,the absolute configuration of a cyclohelminthol type polyketide as exemplified by compound 1 is determined by the single-crystal diffraction analysis for the first time,highlighting an E-configuration for the linkage of a succinimide moiety and a tetrahydro-furan moiety for 1 rather than a Z-configuration as previously reported in the biosynthesis study,which gives a new insight into the structural elucidation of this category of polyketides.Additionally,compound 1 exhibited significant cytotoxic activity against multiple tumor cells,especially against the Farage and SU-DHL-2 cells(IC_(50)<20μM,48 h).Further mechanism study revealed that compound 1 significantly induced cell cycle arrest in Farage and SU-DHL-2 cells by causing abnormal ROS level and triggering oxidative stress.

金花清感颗粒联合布地奈德、沙丁胺醇、异丙托溴铵三联雾化吸入疗法在儿童肺炎支原体肺炎中的应用观察

目的分析金花清感颗粒联合布地奈德、沙丁胺醇、异丙托溴铵三联雾化吸入治疗儿童肺炎支原体肺炎(MPP)的效果。方法前瞻性选取2022年2月—2023年2月常熟市第二人民医院收治的114例MPP患儿为研究对象,按照随机数字表法分为对照组、研究组,每组57例。对照组给予布地奈德、沙丁胺醇、异丙托溴铵三联雾化吸入治疗,研究组在对照组基础上给予金花清感颗粒,连续治疗10 d评估效果。比较两组症状改善情况、肺功能、临床疗效、气道重塑指标、炎症因子、T淋巴细胞亚群及药物不良反应发生情况。结果研究组发热消退时间、咳嗽消失时间、肺部啰音消失时间均短于对照组(P<0.05)。研究组治疗前后的达峰时间比、达峰容积比、呼吸频率的差值均高于对照组(P<0.05)。研究组总有效率高于对照组(P<0.05)。研究组治疗前后的气道壁厚度/外径比值、气道面积/总横截面积比值的差值均高于对照组(P<0.05)。研究组治疗前后的超敏C反应蛋白、白细胞介素-6、肿瘤坏死因子-α的差值均高于对照组(P<0.05)。研究组治疗前后的CD4^(+)、CD8^(+)、CD4^(+)/CD8^(+)的差值均高于对照组(P<0.05)。两组总不良反应发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论金花清感颗粒联合布地奈德、沙丁胺醇、异丙托溴铵三联雾化吸入治疗儿童MPP疗效显著,可改善肺功能,抗气道重塑,抑制炎症反应,改善T淋巴细胞亚群,且安全性良好。

分野与信仰:金华地区的星神崇拜与景观建筑

金华古称婺州,乃因其地上应婺女星的天文分野说而得名。通过考察地方志资料可知,这一星土对应关系催生出婺女星君的民间信仰,当地民众立祠供奉,历代兴修营建,南宋赐额宝婺观,明清多称星君楼,成为金华极具代表性的地理景观,从而使这种源自分野的星神崇拜在民众的精神生活中得以长存。而且有趣的是,金华本地的另一代表性文化景观八咏楼在南宋逐渐与宝婺观合为一体,明清时期八咏文脉依附于星君楼而存续,以致一楼双名,世人莫辨。通过此研究案例,可以了解唐宋以降分野学说在民间社会的传播和流变,以及对人们知识、思想与信仰的深远影响。

宋元婺州书院文化对丹溪学派的影响

区域文化与医派的发展与嬗变密切相关。婺学是浙学^(①)之源,婺州(金华)是宋元书院文化的高地,质疑问难、经世致用、兼取其长构成婺州书院文化的主要内涵,对朱丹溪学术思想和医学观影响深刻。梳理丹溪医学的发展传承脉络,探讨宋元婺州书院文化的治学特点和学术思想对丹溪医派的深远影响,解码丹溪医学世代流传、广泛传播的基因,为新时代中医创新发展提供借鉴思考。

不同产地玉叶金花质量比对研究

目的:对湖南桃源、广西玉林、广东茂名三地的玉叶金花中药材进行质量比对研究。方法:根据各地玉叶金花中药材质量标准,通过状性鉴别、薄层鉴别、显微鉴别、理化鉴别、含量测定等方法,鉴定各地玉叶金花药材质量。结果:三地的玉叶金花在薄层鉴别、理化鉴别、显微鉴别方面差别不大,外观性状方面叶面有稍微差别。湖南桃源玉叶金花中的新绿原酸、绿原酸、隐绿原酸、异绿原酸A、异绿原酸B、异绿原酸C的总量最低,为0.598%,而广西玉林和广东茂名玉叶金花中这些成分总含量较高,分别为0.986%和1.098%。结论:通过对三地玉叶金花中药材质量进行比对,可为玉叶金花中药材的鉴别、种植、质量评价提供参考。

金佛手总黄酮的提取工艺及体外抗氧性测试

主要研究金华佛手(以下简称金佛手)提取精油及多糖后残渣中总黄酮的乙醇回流超声法提取工艺条件,并对总黄酮提取物进行抗氧化测试。采用单因素试验得到最佳提取工艺为:乙醇浓度75%、温度70℃、提取时间120 min、料液比1∶30(g∶mL,下同)、超声60 min;在此条件下总黄酮提取率1.43%;对DPPH自由基及ABTS自由基清除率分别为46.5%和62.4%,表明金佛手黄酮具有一定的抗氧化性。

Discovery and Application of the Companion Fungus Related to Sclerotial Formation from Hyphae of Grifola umbellata

The companion fungus ( Grifola sp.) related to sclerotial formation from hyphae of Grifola umbellata (Pers.) Pilat was isolated from the cavity associated with sclerotia of G. umbellata in natural condition. Experimental results showed that the pure culture of G. umbellata was unable to form sclerotia, whereas sclerotia produced easily in flasks or on trunks when the companion fungus was inoculated together with strain of G. umbellata. The companion fungus is critical for sclerotium formation from hyphae of G. umbellata. Morphological differences were found in cultures of the two fungi. The companion fungus possesses thin-walled narrow hyphae, while G. umbellata is of wider hyphae which are either thick- or thin-walled.

金花白茶对高脂饮食小鼠的减肥作用

为探究金花白茶对高脂饮食小鼠的减肥作用,选用金花白茶为材料,以未发花白茶为对照,进行茶叶主要理化成分含量检测,并建立小鼠肥胖模型,给予400 mg·kg^(-1)金花白茶及白茶水提取物灌胃干预,定期记录小鼠体重,进行肥胖相关指标的测定及组织病理学分析。结果显示,白茶发花后黄酮和茶褐素含量明显上升,茶多酚、游离氨基酸、可溶性糖、茶黄素及茶红素含量显著下降,儿茶素组分中仅表儿茶素含量出现显著的上升。金花白茶能有效抑制高脂饮食小鼠的体质量增长,降低其肝脏和白色脂肪指数,减轻炎症及氧化应激,保护肝脏及肠道的结构完整性及功能。与未发花白茶相比,金花白茶在降低小鼠血脂含量及炎症因子水平上效果更佳,推测是由于冠突散囊菌的大量繁殖及黄酮、表儿茶素、茶褐素等物质含量上升所致;而在缓解肝脏氧化应激方面效果不如白茶,推测是发花后表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯含量大量减少所致。试验结果表明,金花白茶对高脂饮食诱导的肥胖模型小鼠有明显的减肥效果,发花工艺可在一定程度上提升白茶的降脂减肥功效。

White-rot Fungus Growth Conditions and Its Metabolic Kinetic Models

To investigate the growth conditions of white-rot fungus and simulate its metabolism kinetic models, the rules how the factors such as biomass, culture fluid, pH value, glucose consumption and exopolysaccharides generation, etc., changed during the batch culture process of white-rot fungi by using an air-lift fermenter, as well as metabolic kinetics of white-rot fungi were studied. Based on Logistic equation, Luedeking-Piret equation and experimental data, the correlation model parameters of mycelia biomass, glucose consumption and exopolysaccharide generation were obtained and found to be change with time in metabolism process. Detailedly, μm=0.071 8 h-1,α= 0.831 8 g/(g·h), β= 0.002 g/(g·h), b1=0.016 3 g/(g·h) and b2=3.023 3 g/(g·h). Hence the mycelial growth kinetic model, exopolysaccharide generation kinetic model and substrate consumption kinetic model which describe fermentation process of white-rot fungi were established. Meanwhile, the experimental data were verified by this model, and a good fitting result with an average relative error less than 10% between the data obtained from experiments and the model was yielded. The results show that these models can predict the growth and metabolic rules of white-rot fungus, the fermentation process of exopolysaccharides and the kinetic mechanism of white-rot fungus accurately.

Aspergillus cristatus LJSC.2006的分离鉴定及对茯茶发花品质的影响

为探究自行分离纯化菌株LJSC.2006对湖南茯茶主要黑毛茶发花品质的影响,综合菌落平皿形态、孢子电镜扫描特征、菌丝体分子标记鉴定结果,确定菌株LJSC.2006为冠突曲霉菌(Aspergillus cristatus LJSC.2006,GenBank登录号:MZ147025)。运用感官审评、生化成分分析、HS-SPME/GC-MS挥发性组分分析等方法比较黑毛茶及其发花茶样的滋味、香气品质,发现黑毛茶发花后干茶色泽加深,金花满披,菌香显露,滋味醇和;滋味成分黄酮、茶多酚、可溶性糖、游离氨基酸、酯型儿茶素、杨梅素、槲皮素含量总体呈下降趋势;香气成分增加,醛类、酯类相对含量增多,苯乙烯和雪松醇为黑毛茶共有香气成分,(E)-芳樟醇-3,7-氧化物和苯乙酮为发花茶样共有香气成分;黑毛茶发花后,水杨酸甲酯、(E,E)-2,4-庚二烯醛、(E)-芳樟醇-3,7-氧化物、(E)-呋喃氧化芳樟醇、(E)-2-壬醛、(E)-2-已烯醛、(E)-2-(Z)-6-壬二烯醛、苯乙酮、(E)-2-壬烯醛及香叶酸甲酯等10种特征性挥发成分相对含量明显上升,综合形成了金花散茶的菌花香。

Effects of Inoculation of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungus and Apophysomyces spartina on P-uptake of Castor Oil Plant(Ricinus communis L.) and Rhizosphere Soil Enzyme Activities under Salt Stress

[Objective] In order to explore the mechanism of combined inoculation mi- croorganisms in improving coastal saline soil property and plant growth. [Method] The pot experiment was used to assess the effects of different inoculated proportion of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi （AMF） and Phosphate-sotubilizing fungus. Apophysomyces spartina, on growth, chlorophyll contents, P-uptake of castor bean （Ricinus communis L.） and rhizosphere soil pH values, available P concentrations, enzyme activities. [Result] The mixed inoculation of AMF and A. spartina significantly reduced soil pH value, increased soil available phosphorous contents, improved the activities of soil invertase, urease, neutral phosphatase, and alkaline phosphatase. Chlorophyll contents, P-uptake, and plant dry weight of castor bean were also in- creased. The optimal proportion of the number of AMF spores to A. spartina colonies was 28.56：11.5×10^5, which had positive effects on saline soil and could stimulate plant growth under greenhouse condition. [Conclusion] Appropriate propor- tion of AMF and A. spartina had the potential to enhance coastal saline soil prop- erty and promote castor bean growth.

基于GeoSOS模型的金华市土地利用变化动态模拟

为进一步认识土地利用/覆盖变化的内在机制和政策宏观调控的理论依据,以金华市为例,选取GeoSOS中ANN-CA,DT-CA,Logistic-CA共3种元胞自动机模型,建立转换规则,并基于2000年、2010年和2020年3期土地利用专题信息开展动态模拟,通过对比3种模型并选取性能最优者预测金华市2030年土地利用情况.结果表明:1)ANN-CA,DT-CA,Logistic-CA模拟的Kappa系数分别为0.801,0.798,0.800,误差较小且均能正确反映金华市土地利用变化;2)模型内部机制不同使所得结果存在一定的差异,综合模拟时间、精度和效果考虑,最优模型为Logistic-CA;3)预测得到的金华市2030年土地利用表明,2020—2030年间,城市扩张趋势与前10年保持一致,进一步向中部地区延伸.利用GeoSOS对金华市土地利用变化进行模拟及预测,能够直观地反映城市扩张现状及未来发展趋势,可以为地区发展规划提供决策支持.

ATB FUNGUS 2法在念珠菌属和新生隐球菌抗真菌药敏试验中应用的评价

目的评价ATB FUNGUS 2半固体培养基法在测定念珠菌属和新生隐球菌对4种常用抗真菌药物敏感性中的应用价值。方法利用CLSI M27-A2微量液基稀释法和ATB FUNGUS 2法同时测定131株念珠菌和20株新生隐球菌对两性霉素B(AmB)、氟康唑(FLC)、氟胞嘧啶(5-FC)和伊曲康唑(ITC)的敏感性。结果两种方法对于AmB、5-FC、FLC和ITC的一致性分别为98%、89.4%、78.8%和78.1%。②所有受试菌株中两种方法的一致性为80%;但ATB FUNGUS2法将2/5株M27-A2法检查为FLC耐药的白念珠菌判断为敏感或剂量依赖,将8/10株M27-A2法检查为FLC剂量依赖的白念珠菌判断为敏感或耐药。③ATB FUNGUS 2法中AmB的MIC值判读范围偏高,以致于实际工作中不能读出准确的值。结论ATB FUNGUS 2半固体培养基法在测定念珠菌属和新生隐球菌对4种常用抗真菌药物的敏感性时不失为简单、快速而且重复性好的方法。