针对声学边界元法中解的非唯一性和奇异积分问题,基于组合亥姆霍兹积分方程公式(combined helmholtz integral equation formulation,CHIEF)法思想,将常规边界元方程和等效源方程进行联立,并利用两者方程系数矩阵间的耦合等价关系,间接...针对声学边界元法中解的非唯一性和奇异积分问题,基于组合亥姆霍兹积分方程公式(combined helmholtz integral equation formulation,CHIEF)法思想,将常规边界元方程和等效源方程进行联立,并利用两者方程系数矩阵间的耦合等价关系,间接替换计算常规边界元法中的奇异系数矩阵,进而提出一种具有全频域唯一解、高计算精度和高稳定性的耦合CHIEF法。该方法将等效源方程作为补充方程,不仅解决了传统CHIEF法内点补充方程失效的问题,而且矩阵的间接替换计算避免了直接计算奇异积分,显著提高了计算效率和精度。通过声辐射和声散射的典型算例对比了所提方法、常规边界元法、常规Burton-Miller法和等效源法的计算效果。结果表明,所提方法不仅在全波数域内均能获得唯一解,且其计算精度和效率均优于常规边界元法和常规Burton-Miller方法,其系数矩阵条件数远低于等效源法。展开更多
The River Chief System (RCS) has evolved from local innovative practices to a national water governance strategy to address the current challenges in China’s water environmental management. In contrast to existing re...The River Chief System (RCS) has evolved from local innovative practices to a national water governance strategy to address the current challenges in China’s water environmental management. In contrast to existing research that focuses on the strengths, weaknesses, and improvements of RCS, this study uses literature study to reveal the dynamic evolution of RCS through three phases, with RCS spreading from developed coastal areas to central and western inland regions. RCS’s diffusion path involves vertical diffusion between central and local levels and horizontal diffusion among local governments. Moreover, RCS has also achieved conceptual spillover, gradually expanding into other governance domains, such as the Lake Chief System, the Field Chief System, the Forestry Chief System, and the integration of multiple chief roles. However, it is essential to scrutinize the phenomenon of applying similar governance mechanisms to different areas, as it may result in challenges such as overburdening local governments, insufficient public participation, oversimplification of differences in natural resource endowments, and limited applicability. This study also provides suggestions on how to address these challenges. The study contributes theoretical insights and policy implications, providing a foundation for practical policy innovation.展开更多
Gastric adenocarcinoma of the fundic gland(chief cellpredominant type, GA-FG-CCP) is a rare variant of welldifferentiated adenocarcinoma, and has been proposed to be a novel disease entity. GA-FG-CCP originates from t...Gastric adenocarcinoma of the fundic gland(chief cellpredominant type, GA-FG-CCP) is a rare variant of welldifferentiated adenocarcinoma, and has been proposed to be a novel disease entity. GA-FG-CCP originates from the gastric mucosa of the fundic gland region without chronic gastritis or intestinal metaplasia. The majority of GA-FG-CCPs exhibit either a submucosal tumor-like superficial elevated shape or a flat shape on macroscopic examination. Narrow-band imaging with endoscopic magnification may reveal a regular or an irregular microvascular pattern, depending on the degree of tumor exposure to the mucosal surface. Pathological analysis of GA-FG-CCPs is characterized by a high frequency of submucosal invasion, rare occurrences of lymphatic and venous invasion, and low-grade malignancy. Detection of diffuse positivity for pepsinogen-I by immunohistochemistry is specific for GA-FG-CCP. Careful endoscopic examination and detailed pathological evaluation are essential for early and accurate diagnosis of GA-FG-CCP. Nearly all GA-FG-CCPs are treated by endoscopic resection due to their small tumor size and low risk of recurrence or metastasis.展开更多
As part of their efforts to control water pollution,local governments in China introduced the river chief system,whereby a named individual undertakes responsibility for protecting a specified waterway.As one of the m...As part of their efforts to control water pollution,local governments in China introduced the river chief system,whereby a named individual undertakes responsibility for protecting a specified waterway.As one of the most prominent sources of water pollution,agricultural non-point-source(NPS)pollution is becoming increasingly serious.Determining whether the river chief system,an institutional reform in China's decentralized environmental regulation regime,is effective in alleviating NPS pollution is important for the realization of green development.The effect of the river chief system on reducing agricultural NPS pollution is explored in this study using panel data from 308 Chinese counties during the period from 2004 to 2015.The results reveal that the negative impact of manure output from animal breeding operations on surface water quality is reduced with the implementation of the river chief system.However,the river chief system is ineffective in dealing with the water pollution caused by fertilizer use.Furthermore,in the current system,cooperation among river chiefs only occurs within a province.Local governments should increase their efforts in reducing fertilizer source loads and preventing fertilizer loads from entering surface waters.In addition,the central government should improve cooperation among the river chiefs in upstream and downstream provinces.展开更多
文摘针对声学边界元法中解的非唯一性和奇异积分问题,基于组合亥姆霍兹积分方程公式(combined helmholtz integral equation formulation,CHIEF)法思想,将常规边界元方程和等效源方程进行联立,并利用两者方程系数矩阵间的耦合等价关系,间接替换计算常规边界元法中的奇异系数矩阵,进而提出一种具有全频域唯一解、高计算精度和高稳定性的耦合CHIEF法。该方法将等效源方程作为补充方程,不仅解决了传统CHIEF法内点补充方程失效的问题,而且矩阵的间接替换计算避免了直接计算奇异积分,显著提高了计算效率和精度。通过声辐射和声散射的典型算例对比了所提方法、常规边界元法、常规Burton-Miller法和等效源法的计算效果。结果表明,所提方法不仅在全波数域内均能获得唯一解,且其计算精度和效率均优于常规边界元法和常规Burton-Miller方法,其系数矩阵条件数远低于等效源法。
文摘The River Chief System (RCS) has evolved from local innovative practices to a national water governance strategy to address the current challenges in China’s water environmental management. In contrast to existing research that focuses on the strengths, weaknesses, and improvements of RCS, this study uses literature study to reveal the dynamic evolution of RCS through three phases, with RCS spreading from developed coastal areas to central and western inland regions. RCS’s diffusion path involves vertical diffusion between central and local levels and horizontal diffusion among local governments. Moreover, RCS has also achieved conceptual spillover, gradually expanding into other governance domains, such as the Lake Chief System, the Field Chief System, the Forestry Chief System, and the integration of multiple chief roles. However, it is essential to scrutinize the phenomenon of applying similar governance mechanisms to different areas, as it may result in challenges such as overburdening local governments, insufficient public participation, oversimplification of differences in natural resource endowments, and limited applicability. This study also provides suggestions on how to address these challenges. The study contributes theoretical insights and policy implications, providing a foundation for practical policy innovation.
文摘Gastric adenocarcinoma of the fundic gland(chief cellpredominant type, GA-FG-CCP) is a rare variant of welldifferentiated adenocarcinoma, and has been proposed to be a novel disease entity. GA-FG-CCP originates from the gastric mucosa of the fundic gland region without chronic gastritis or intestinal metaplasia. The majority of GA-FG-CCPs exhibit either a submucosal tumor-like superficial elevated shape or a flat shape on macroscopic examination. Narrow-band imaging with endoscopic magnification may reveal a regular or an irregular microvascular pattern, depending on the degree of tumor exposure to the mucosal surface. Pathological analysis of GA-FG-CCPs is characterized by a high frequency of submucosal invasion, rare occurrences of lymphatic and venous invasion, and low-grade malignancy. Detection of diffuse positivity for pepsinogen-I by immunohistochemistry is specific for GA-FG-CCP. Careful endoscopic examination and detailed pathological evaluation are essential for early and accurate diagnosis of GA-FG-CCP. Nearly all GA-FG-CCPs are treated by endoscopic resection due to their small tumor size and low risk of recurrence or metastasis.
基金the financial support from the National Natural Sciences Foundation of China(71742002 and 71934003)the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions,China(PAPD)the China Center for Food Security Studies in Nanjing Agricultural University,China。
文摘As part of their efforts to control water pollution,local governments in China introduced the river chief system,whereby a named individual undertakes responsibility for protecting a specified waterway.As one of the most prominent sources of water pollution,agricultural non-point-source(NPS)pollution is becoming increasingly serious.Determining whether the river chief system,an institutional reform in China's decentralized environmental regulation regime,is effective in alleviating NPS pollution is important for the realization of green development.The effect of the river chief system on reducing agricultural NPS pollution is explored in this study using panel data from 308 Chinese counties during the period from 2004 to 2015.The results reveal that the negative impact of manure output from animal breeding operations on surface water quality is reduced with the implementation of the river chief system.However,the river chief system is ineffective in dealing with the water pollution caused by fertilizer use.Furthermore,in the current system,cooperation among river chiefs only occurs within a province.Local governments should increase their efforts in reducing fertilizer source loads and preventing fertilizer loads from entering surface waters.In addition,the central government should improve cooperation among the river chiefs in upstream and downstream provinces.
