引入上下文信息和Attention Gate的GUS-YOLO遥感目标检测算法

目前基于通用YOLO系列的遥感目标检测算法存在并未充分利用图像的全局上下文信息,在特征融合金字塔部分并未充分考虑缩小融合特征之间的语义鸿沟、抑制冗余信息干扰的缺点。在结合YOLO算法优点的基础上提出GUS-YOLO算法,其拥有一个能够充分利用全局上下文信息的骨干网络Global Backbone。除此之外,该算法在融合特征金字塔自顶向下的结构中引入Attention Gate模块,可以突出必要的特征信息,抑制冗余信息。另外,为Attention Gate模块设计了最佳的网络结构,提出了网络的特征融合结构U-Net。最后,为克服ReLU函数可能导致模型梯度不再更新的问题,该算法将Attention Gate模块的激活函数升级为可学习的SMU激活函数,提高模型鲁棒性。在NWPU VHR-10遥感数据集上,该算法相较于YOLOV7算法取得宽松指标mAP^(0.50)1.64个百分点和严格指标mAP^(0.75)9.39个百分点的性能提升。相较于目前主流的七种检测算法,该算法取得较好的检测性能。

我国高质量教育资源供给机制创新与路径研究——来自美国“#GoOpen”计划的启示

数字化是当下教育改革的重点,也是未来教育发展的趋势。无论是作为“十四五”规划中的战略举措,还是党的二十大中提出的必然要求,构建数字化教育资源为主体的高质量教育资源体系在当下具有必要性与迫切性。美国#GoOpen计划自实施以来,在教育资源数字化、个性化、均等化三个方面均取得了一定成果。通过对该计划官方文件与政策进行解读,对其内涵与特点进行分析,我国在进行高质量教育资源建设及其供给路径探究过程中应当重视统筹规划,循序渐进,同时完善多重考核与评估机制,结合社会多方力量,保证每个学习者的享有权利,最终走向教育公平,共同发展。

基于YOLO-OpenMax的水声通信信号开集识别方法

水声通信信号调制方式随着技术进步从典型的传统调制方式发展为水声通信机厂商私有开发的新型调制方式,这使得现有的水声通信信号闭集调制识别技术实用性受到制约,但现阶段鲜有研究基于深度学习的水声通信信号调制方式的开集识别方法。针对此现状,提出一种基于YOLO图像检测识别网络和OpenMax模型的开集识别方法。利用YOLOv5网络的输出特点,将传统OpenMax模型的处理方法进行改进,提出一种两步测试方法,实现了在多径信道下的水声通信信号的开集识别。仿真实验表明:在归一化系数为0.5,信噪比等于10 dB条件下的归一化开集识别准确率达到90%以上,实测数据同样验证了本文方法的有效性。

An integrated split and dummy gates MOSFET with fast turn-off and reverse recovery characteristics

A power MOSFET with integrated split gate and dummy gate(SD-MOS) is proposed and demonstrated by the TCAD SENTAURUS.The split gate is surrounded by the source and shielded by the dummy gate.Consequently,the coupling area between the split gate and the drain electrode is reduced,thus the gate-to-drain charge(Q_(GD)),reverse transfer capacitance(C_(RSS)) and turn-off loss(E_(off)) are significantly decreased.Moreover,the MOS-channel diode is controlled by the dummy gate with ultra-thin gate oxide t_(ox),which can be turned on before the parasitic P-base/N-drift diode at the reverse conduction,then the majority carriers are injected to the N-drift to attenuate the minority injection.Therefore,the reverse recovery charge(Q_(RR)),time(T_(RR)) and peak current(I_(RRM)) are effectively reduced at the reverse freewheeling state.Additionally,the specific on-resistance(R_(on,sp)) and breakdown voltage(BV) are also studied to evaluate the static properties of the proposed SD-MOS.The simulation results show that the Q_(GD) of 6 nC/cm^(2),the C_(RSS) of 1.1 pF/cm^(2) at the V_(DS) of 150 V,the QRR of 1.2 μC/cm^(2) and the R_(on,sp) of 8.4 mΩ·cm^(2) are obtained,thus the figures of merit(FOM) including Q_(GD) ×R_(on,sp) of50 nC·mΩ,E_(off) × R_(on,sp) of 0.59 mJ·mΩ and the Q_(RR) × R_(on,sp) of 10.1 μC·mΩ are achieved for the proposed SD-MOS.

Skyrmion-based logic gates controlled by electric currents in synthetic antiferromagnet

Skyrmions in synthetic antiferromagnetic(SAF) systems have attracted much attention in recent years due to their superior stability, high-speed mobility, and completely compensated skyrmion Hall effect. They are promising building blocks for the next generation of magnetic storage and computing devices with ultra-low energy and ultra-high density.Here, we theoretically investigate the motion of a skyrmion in an SAF bilayer racetrack and find the velocity of a skyrmion can be controlled jointly by the edge effect and the driving force induced by the spin current. Furthermore, we propose a logic gate that can realize different logic functions of logic AND, OR, NOT, NAND, NOR, and XOR gates. Several effects including the spin–orbit torque, the skyrmion Hall effect, skyrmion–skyrmion repulsion, and skyrmion–edge interaction are considered in this design. Our work may provide a way to utilize the SAF skyrmion as a versatile information carrier for future energy-efficient logic gates.

Thermal spin molecular logic gates modulated by an electric field

Logic gates are fundamental structural components in all modern digital electronic devices. Here, nonequilibrium Green's functions are incorporated with the density functional theory to verify the thermal spin transport features of the single-molecule spintronic devices constructed by a single molecule in series or parallel connected with graphene nanoribbons electrodes. Our calculations demonstrate that the electric field can manipulate the spin-polarized current. Then, a complete set of thermal spin molecular logic gates are proposed, including AND, OR, and NOT gates. The mentioned logic gates enable different designs of complex thermal spin molecular logic functions and facilitate the electric field control of thermal spin molecular devices.

Remote entangling gate between a quantum dot spin and a transmon qubit mediated by microwave photons

Spin qubits and superconducting qubits are promising candidates for realizing solid-state quantum information processors.Designing a hybrid architecture that combines the advantages of different qubits on the same chip is a highly desirable but challenging goal.Here we propose a hybrid architecture that utilizes a high-impedance SQUID array resonator as a quantum bus,thereby coherently coupling different solid-state qubits.We employ a resonant exchange spin qubit hosted in a triple quantum dot and a superconducting transmon qubit.Since this hybrid system is highly tunable,it can operate in a dispersive regime,where the interaction between the different qubits is mediated by virtual photons.By utilizing such interactions,entangling gate operations between different qubits can be realized in a short time of 30 ns with a fidelity of up to 96.5%under realistic parameter conditions.Further utilizing this interaction,remote entangled state between different qubits can be prepared and is robust to perturbations of various parameters.These results pave the way for exploring efficient fault-tolerant quantum computation on hybrid quantum architecture platforms.

Atomically Dispersed Ruthenium Catalysts with Open Hollow Structure for Lithium-Oxygen Batteries

Lithium–oxygen battery with ultrahigh theoretical energy density is considered a highly competitive next-generation energy storage device,but its practical application is severely hindered by issues such as difficult decomposition of discharge products at present.Here,we have developed N-doped carbon anchored atomically dispersed Ru sites cathode catalyst with open hollow structure(h-RuNC)for Lithium–oxygen battery.On one hand,the abundance of atomically dispersed Ru sites can effectively catalyze the formation and decomposition of discharge products,thereby greatly enhancing the redox kinetics.On the other hand,the open hollow structure not only enhances the mass activity of atomically dispersed Ru sites but also improves the diffusion efficiency of catalytic molecules.Therefore,the excellent activity from atomically dispersed Ru sites and the enhanced diffusion from open hollow structure respectively improve the redox kinetics and cycling stability,ultimately achieving a high-performance lithium–oxygen battery.

The Effect of Uterine Artery Occlusion with Tourniquet on Ovarian Reserve during Open Myomectomy at a University Teaching Hospital in Southern Nigeria

Background: The most common surgical treatment for symptomatic uterine fibroids, particularly in women with fertility concerns, is open myomectomy. Given the high vascularity of the uterus, haemorrhage during the procedure is a serious risk that is often mitigated with a uterine tourniquet. Aim and Objectives: To evaluate the effect of uterine artery occlusion with a tourniquet during open myomectomy on ovarian reserve using serial anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) measurements. Materials and Methods: This was a prospective longitudinal study with a quasi-experimental design and a convenient sampling technique. The study enrolled 47 women who had abdominal myomectomy between September 1, 2021, and March 31, 2022, at the University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital. Blood samples were collected before anaesthesia was administered in theatre, on day two, and three months after open abdominal myomectomy for anti-Mullerian hormone assay. The data was collected using a semi-structured proforma, entered into an Excel spreadsheet, and analyzed using SPSS version 25.0 with a 95% confidence interval. Statistical significance level was set at 0.05. Results: The pre-surgery AMH mean value was 1.67 ± 1.44 ng/ml, while the values after using a uterine tourniquet at myomectomy on the second day and three months later were 1.22 ± 1.24 ng/ml and 1.59 ± 1.43 ng/ml, respectively. There was no statistically significant change in AMH levels, and there was no statistically significant relationship between blood loss and tourniquet time and AMH after open abdominal myomectomy. Conclusion: The use of a uterine tourniquet and blood loss during open myomectomy has no effect on ovarian reserve.

Spatial Distribution Feature Extraction Network for Open Set Recognition of Electromagnetic Signal

This paper proposes a novel open set recognition method,the Spatial Distribution Feature Extraction Network(SDFEN),to address the problem of electromagnetic signal recognition in an open environment.The spatial distribution feature extraction layer in SDFEN replaces convolutional output neural networks with the spatial distribution features that focus more on inter-sample information by incorporating class center vectors.The designed hybrid loss function considers both intra-class distance and inter-class distance,thereby enhancing the similarity among samples of the same class and increasing the dissimilarity between samples of different classes during training.Consequently,this method allows unknown classes to occupy a larger space in the feature space.This reduces the possibility of overlap with known class samples and makes the boundaries between known and unknown samples more distinct.Additionally,the feature comparator threshold can be used to reject unknown samples.For signal open set recognition,seven methods,including the proposed method,are applied to two kinds of electromagnetic signal data:modulation signal and real-world emitter.The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method outperforms the other six methods overall in a simulated open environment.Specifically,compared to the state-of-the-art Openmax method,the novel method achieves up to 8.87%and 5.25%higher micro-F-measures,respectively.

A highly sensitive fluorescent probe RN-NA reveals peroxynitrite as a novel biomarker for primary open angle glaucoma

AIM:To directly quantify peroxynitrite(ONOO-)using a highly sensitive fluorescence resonance energy transfer probe RN-NA,investigate the association between ONOOand primary open angle glaucoma(POAG),and clarify whether RN-NA could be used as a potential tool for POAG diagnosis.METHODS:Plasma and aqueous humor(AH)samples were collected from POAG patients(n=100,age:59.70±6.87y)and age-related cataract(ARC)patients(n=100,age:61.15±4.60y)admitted to our hospital.Next,RN-NA was used to detect ONOO-in plasma and AH samples,and the relationship between ONOO-level and POAG was analyzed using binary logistic regression.Besides,Pearson correlation analysis was applied to characterize the correlation of the levels of ONOO-with the patients’age,intraocular pressure(IOP),and mean deviation of visual field testing.The ONOO-scavenger MnTMPyP was employed to treat the 3-morpholinosyndnomine(SIN-1)-induced ocular hypertension in mice(n=7,6-8wk).Finally,the IOP and ONOO-in both eyes were measured 30min after the last drug treatment.RESULTS:ONOO-levels of AH and plasma were significantly higher in the POAG group than in the ARC group(P<0.01).Additionally,ONOO-levels were closely correlated with POAG in a binary logistic regression analysis[odds ratio(OR)=1.008,95%confidence interval(CI):1.002-1.013,P<0.01 for AH;OR=1.004,95%CI:1.002-1.006,P<0.001 for plasma].Pearson correlation analysis showed that ONOO-levels in AH or plasma were positively associated with visual field defects(R=0.51,P<0.01 for AH;R=0.45,P<0.001 for plasma),and ONOO-levels in plasma and AH were correlated in the POAG group(R=0.69,P<0.001).However,administering MnTMPyP to mouse eyes reversed the elevated IOP caused by SIN-1(P<0.05).CONCLUSION:ONOO-levels in AH and plasma,detected by RN-NA,are significantly related to POAG and positively correlated with visual field defects in POAG patients.Hence,ONOO-is a potential biomarker of POAG,especially advanced POAG.Besides,anti-nitration compounds may be novel ocular hypotensive agents based on the animal study.

Understanding the correlation between energy-state mismatching and open-circuit voltage loss in bulk heterojunction solar cells

Photoinduced intermolecular charge transfer(PICT)determines the voltage loss in bulk heterojunction(BHJ)organic photovoltaics(OPVs),and this voltage loss can be minimized by inducing efficient PICT,which requires energy-state matching between the donor and acceptor at the BHJ interfaces.Thus,both geometrically and energetically accessible delocalized state matching at the hot energy level is crucial for achieving efficient PICT.In this study,an effective method for quantifying the hot state matching of OPVs was developed.The degree of energy-state matching between the electron donor and acceptor at BHJ interfaces was quantified using a mismatching factor(MF)calculated from the modified optical density of the BHJ.Furthermore,the correlation between the open-circuit voltage(Voc)of the OPV device and energy-state matching at the BHJ interface was investigated using the calculated MF.The OPVs with small absolute MF values exhibited high Voc values.This result clearly indicates that the energy-state matching between the donor and acceptor is crucial for achieving a high Voc in OPVs.Because the MF indicates the degree of energy-state matching,which is a critical factor for suppressing energy loss,it can be used to estimate the Voc loss in OPVs.

HiLog:OpenHarmony的高性能日志系统

日志是计算机系统中记录事件状态信息的的重要载体,日志系统负责计算机系统的日志生成、收集和输出.OpenHarmony是新兴的、面向全设备、全场景的开源操作系统.在所述工作之前,包括日志系统在内OpenHarmony有许多关键子系统尚未构建,而OpenHarmony的开源特性使第三方开发者可以为其贡献核心代码.为了解决Open Harmony日志系统缺乏的问题,主要开展如下工作:(1)分析当今主流日志系统的技术架构和优缺点;(2)基于OpenHarmony操作系统的异构设备互联特性设计HiLog日志系统模型规范;(3)设计并实现第1个面向OpenHarmony的日志系统HiLog,并贡献到OpenHarmony主线;(4)对HiLog日志系统的关键指标进行测试和对比试验.实验数据表明,在基础性能方面,HiLog和Log的日志写入阶段吞吐量分别为1500 KB/s和700 KB/s,相比Android日志系统吞吐量提升114%;在日志持久化方面,HiLog可以3.5%的压缩率进行持久化,并且丢包率小于6‰,远低于Log.此外,HiLog还具备数据安全、流量控制等新型实用能力.

Indications of pro-inflammatory cytokines in laparoscopic and open liver resection for early-stage hepatocellular carcinoma

Background:Our clinical practice of laparoscopic liver resection(LLR)had achieved better short-term and long-term benefits for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)over open liver resection(OLR),but the underlying mechanisms are not clear.This study was to find out whether systemic inflammation plays an important role.Methods:A total of 103 patients with early-stage HCC under liver resection were enrolled(LLR group,n=53;OLR group,n=50).The expression of 9 inflammatory cytokines in patients at preoperation,postoperative day 1(POD1)and POD7 was quantified by Luminex Multiplex assay.The relationships of the cytokines and the postoperative outcomes were compared between LLR and OLR.Results:Seven of the circulating cytokines were found to be significantly upregulated on POD1 after LLR or OLR compared to their preoperative levels.Compared to OLR,the POD1 levels of granulocytemacrophage colony-stimulating factor(GM-CSF),interleukin-6(IL-6),IL-8,and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1(MCP-1)in the LLR group were significantly lower.Higher POD1 levels of these cytokines were significantly correlated with longer operative time and higher volume of blood loss during operation.The levels of these cytokines were positively associated with postoperative liver injury,and the length of hospital stay.Importantly,a high level of IL-6 at POD1 was a risk factor for HCC recurrence and poor disease-free survival after liver resection.Conclusions:Significantly lower level of GM-CSF,IL-6,IL-8,and MCP-1 after liver resection represented a milder systemic inflammation which might be an important mechanism to offer better short-term and long-term outcomes in LLR over OLR.

RB-DEM Modeling and Simulation of Non-Persisting Rough Open Joints Based on the IFS-Enhanced Method

When the geological environment of rock masses is disturbed,numerous non-persisting open joints can appear within it.It is crucial to investigate the effect of open joints on the mechanical properties of rock mass.However,it has been challenging to generate realistic open joints in traditional experimental tests and numerical simulations.This paper presents a novel solution to solve the problem.By utilizing the stochastic distribution of joints and an enhanced-fractal interpolation system(IFS)method,rough curves with any orientation can be generated.The Douglas-Peucker algorithm is then applied to simplify these curves by removing unnecessary points while preserving their fundamental shape.Subsequently,open joints are created by connecting points that move to both sides of rough curves based on the aperture distribution.Mesh modeling is performed to construct the final mesh model.Finally,the RB-DEM method is applied to transform the mesh model into a discrete element model containing geometric information about these open joints.Furthermore,this study explores the impacts of rough open joint orientation,aperture,and number on rock fracture mechanics.This method provides a realistic and effective approach for modeling and simulating these non-persisting open joints.

Aerial target threat assessment based on gated recurrent unit and self-attention mechanism

Aerial threat assessment is a crucial link in modern air combat, whose result counts a great deal for commanders to make decisions. With the consideration that the existing threat assessment methods have difficulties in dealing with high dimensional time series target data, a threat assessment method based on self-attention mechanism and gated recurrent unit(SAGRU) is proposed. Firstly, a threat feature system including air combat situations and capability features is established. Moreover, a data augmentation process based on fractional Fourier transform(FRFT) is applied to extract more valuable information from time series situation features. Furthermore, aiming to capture key characteristics of battlefield evolution, a bidirectional GRU and SA mechanisms are designed for enhanced features.Subsequently, after the concatenation of the processed air combat situation and capability features, the target threat level will be predicted by fully connected neural layers and the softmax classifier. Finally, in order to validate this model, an air combat dataset generated by a combat simulation system is introduced for model training and testing. The comparison experiments show the proposed model has structural rationality and can perform threat assessment faster and more accurately than the other existing models based on deep learning.

A gated recurrent unit model to predict Poisson’s ratio using deep learning

Static Poisson’s ratio(vs)is crucial for determining geomechanical properties in petroleum applications,namely sand production.Some models have been used to predict vs;however,the published models were limited to specific data ranges with an average absolute percentage relative error(AAPRE)of more than 10%.The published gated recurrent unit(GRU)models do not consider trend analysis to show physical behaviors.In this study,we aim to develop a GRU model using trend analysis and three inputs for predicting n s based on a broad range of data,n s(value of 0.1627-0.4492),bulk formation density(RHOB)(0.315-2.994 g/mL),compressional time(DTc)(44.43-186.9 μs/ft),and shear time(DTs)(72.9-341.2μ s/ft).The GRU model was evaluated using different approaches,including statistical error an-alyses.The GRU model showed the proper trends,and the model data ranges were wider than previous ones.The GRU model has the largest correlation coefficient(R)of 0.967 and the lowest AAPRE,average percent relative error(APRE),root mean square error(RMSE),and standard deviation(SD)of 3.228%,1.054%,4.389,and 0.013,respectively,compared to other models.The GRU model has a high accuracy for the different datasets:training,validation,testing,and the whole datasets with R and AAPRE values were 0.981 and 2.601%,0.966 and 3.274%,0.967 and 3.228%,and 0.977 and 2.861%,respectively.The group error analyses of all inputs show that the GRU model has less than 5% AAPRE for all input ranges,which is superior to other models that have different AAPRE values of more than 10% at various ranges of inputs.

The Effects of the Geometry of a Current Collector with an Equal Open Ratio on Output Power of a Direct Methanol Fuel Cell

The open ratio of a current collector has a great impact on direct methanol fuel cell(DMFC)performance.Although a number of studies have investigated the influence of the open ratio of DMFC current collectors,far too little attention has been given to how geometry(including the shape and feature size of the flow field)affects a current collector with an equal open ratio.In this paper,perforated and parallel current collectors with an equal open ratio of 50%and different feature sizes are designed,and the corresponding experimental results are shown to explain the geometry effects on the output power of the DMFC.The results indicate that the optimal feature sizes are between 2 and 2.5 mm for both perforated and parallel flow field in the current collectors with an equal open ratio of 50%.This means that for passive methanol fuel cells,to achieve the highest output power,the optimal feature size of the flow field in both anode and cathode current collectors is between 2 and 2.5 mm under the operating mode of this experiment.The effects of rib and channel position are also investigated,and the results indicate that the optimum pattern depends on the feature sizes of the flow field.

Clinical effect of laparoscopic radical resection of colorectal cancer based on propensity score matching

BACKGROUND The incidence of colorectal cancer(CRC)is increasing annually.Laparoscopic radical resection of CRC is a minimally invasive procedure preferred in clinical practice.AIM To investigate the clinical effect of laparoscopic radical resection of CRC on the basis of propensity score matching(PSM).METHODS The clinical data of 100 patients who received inpatient treatment for CRC at Changde Hospital,Xiangya School of Medicine,Central South University(The First People’s Hospital of Changde City)were analyzed retrospectively.The control group included patients who underwent open surgery(n=43),and those who underwent laparoscopic surgery formed the observation group(n=57).The baseline information of both groups was equipoised using 1×1 PSM.Differences in the perioperative parameters,inflammatory response,immune function,degree of pain,and physical status between the groups were analyzed.RESULTS Thirty patients from both groups were successfully matched.After PSM,baseline data showed no statistically significant differences between the groups:(1)Periop-erative parameters:The observation group had a longer surgery time,less intra-operative blood loss,earlier first ambulation and first anal exhaust times,and shorter gastric tube indwelling time than the control group;(2)Inflammatory response:24 h after surgery,the levels of interleukin-6(IL-6),C-reactive protein(CRP),and tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)between groups were higher than preoperatively.IL-6,CRP,and TNF-αlevels in the observation group were lower than in the control group;(3)Immune function:At 24 h after surgery,counts of CD4-positive T-lymphocytes(CD4+)and CD4+/CD8-positive T-lymphocytes(CD8+)in both groups were lower than those before surgery,whereas CD8+was higher than that before surgery.At 24 h after surgery,both CD4+counts and CD4+/CD8+in the observation group were higher than those in the control group,whereas CD8+counts were lower;(4)Degree of pain:The visual analog scale scores in the observation group were lower than those in the control group at 24 and 72 h after surgery;and(5)Physical status:One month after surgery,the Karnofsky performance score in the observation group was higher than that in the control group.CONCLUSION Laparoscopic radical resection of CRC has significant benefits,such as reducing postoperative pain and postoperative inflammatory response,avoiding excessive immune inhibition,and contributing to postoperative recovery.

Coordinated Mining Procedures of Open Pit Mines Based on River Management

This paper primarily concerns the effective coordination of the procedures and methods employed in open pit mining operations under the background of river management.The central objective of this study is to identify a viable approach for ensuring rational and efficient development of open pit mineral resources while simultaneously protecting and restoring the ecological environment of the river.This approach should facilitate the realization of a harmonious symbiosis between mining and river management.The intricate mutual influence relationship between river management and open pit mining is first analyzed in depth,which provides a solid foundation for the subsequent coordination strategy development.In light of the aforementioned considerations,a set of coordination procedures for open pit mining based on river management conditions is proposed.These procedures emphasize the integration of river protection into the overall layout of mining at the planning stage.The implementation of scientific mining schemes,accompanied by rigorous control of the scope and depth of mining operations,has proven to be an effective means of reducing the impact of mining activities on river environments.This approach has also facilitated the achievement of a balance and coordination between mining and river management.