Core competencies and perceived training needs of nurses in the background of Internet plus nursing service:a qualitative descriptive study

Background:The Internet plus nursing service program is being piloted in China,which has become a new home nursing service model led by nurses.To enable safe and effective homecare service delivery,nurses working in the program need a high level of competency.However,the content of these core competencies and the training needs of nurses for Internet plus nursing services are still unknown.Aim:To describe nurses’perceptions of core competencies and training needs to work in the Internet plus nursing service program,thereby providing a reference for the development of training programs.Methods:A qualitative descriptive study using semi-structured interviews was conducted on 15 nurses with experience of working in the Internet plus nursing service program.Interviews were audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim,and the data were analyzed using thematic analysis.Results:Core competencies involved comprehensive assessment competence,direct care practice competence,health education and consulting competence,risk estimation and response competence,and communication competence.Training needs involved complex operational items,knowledge of chronic disease management,professional communication,risk identification and response,nursing standards,norms,and procedures,and utilization of information technology.Conclusions:The training system may be developed based on nurses’core competencies and their training needs to promote professional development of the Internet plus nursing service.

COVID-19:Effect on gastroenterology and hepatology service provision and training:Lessons learnt and planning for the future

In late 2019,reports arose of a new respiratory disease in China,identified as a novel coronavirus,severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2.The World Health Organisation named the disease caused by the virus‘coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)’.It was declared a pandemic in early 2020,after the disease rapidly spread across the world.COVID-19 has not only resulted in substantial morbidity and mortality but also significantly impacted healthcare service provision and training across all medical specialties with gastroenterology and Hepatology services being no exception.Internationally,most,if not all‘nonurgent’services have been placed on hold during surges of infections.As a result there have been delayed diagnoses,procedures,and surgeries which will undoubtedly result in increased morbidity and mortality.Outpatient services have been converted to remote consultations where possible in many countries.Trainees have been redeployed to help care for COVID-19 patients in other settings,resulting in disruption to their training-particularly endoscopy and outpatient clinics.This has led to significant anxiety amongst trainees,and risks prolongation of training.It is of the utmost importance to develop strategies that continue to support COVID-19-related service provision,whilst also supporting existing and future gastroenterology and Hepatology services and training.Changes to healthcare provision during the pandemic have generated new and improved frameworks of service and training delivery,which can be adopted in the post-COVID-19 world,leading to enhanced patient care.

Training of Food Providers for Improved Environmental Conditions of Food Service Outlets in Urban Area Nigeria

Environmental conditions and hygiene practices under which foods are prepared and served for public consumption are a matter of concern. The study was conducted to investigate the impact of training of food providers on environmental conditions of food service outlets (FSO) in and around a university community in Southwestern Nigeria. Structured questionnaire and “Spot Check Observation” (SCO) were used to assess the hygiene practices and environmental condition of the FSO respectively. Sixteen (16) High Density Food Service Outlets (HDFSO) and twelve (12) Low Density Food Service Outlets (LDFSO) were investigated. From the findings, mean score of SCO for HDFSO was low (2.93 ± 0.09) compared to LDFSO (4.32 ± 0.56) (p = 0.014). There were significant differences in source of cooking water (p = 0.003), solid waste disposal method (p = 0.031), liquid waste disposal method (p = 0.023) and toilet facilities (p = 0.001) between HDFSO and LDFSO. Significant differences existed in the environmental hygiene between HDFSO and LDFSO (p r = 0.789, p = 0.038), age (r = 0.631, p = 0.045), income (r = 0.623, p = 0.004) of food service providers and environmental condition. Service providers that were >40 years of age were more likely to score high in SCO in HDFSO than the other age groups (OR = 1.80, 95%CI = 1.21, 2.68). Those with tertiary education were twice more likely to score high in SCO compared to those with lower educational qualifications in LDFSO (OR = 2.03, 95%CI = 1.48 2.78). Those who earned above ?40,000.00 were more likely to have higher SCO among both categories. A 3-day food safety workshop was organized among both groups at different times, three months later, SCO was conducted and scores improved greatly. Constant training of food service providers is important to improving the environmental condition of food service outlets in high-density urban areas in order to ensure food safety.

Analysis of Staffing and Training Needs for Effective Delivery of Extension Service in Sustainable Land Management in Kilimanjaro Region, Tanzania

An assessment of staffing and training needs for effective delivery of extension services in mainstreaming sustainable land management (SLM) practices in Kilimanjaro Region was conducted in June/July 2013. Data collection methods included discussions with key informants at the regional and district levels, consultations with village level stakeholders and potential collaborators, review of human resources data both at regional, district and ward levels and collection of individual staff bio-data including capacity deficiencies. The staffing situation at the regional and district levels was considered to be adequate for effective mainstreaming of SLM interventions in the region. Staffing at ward and village levels was very poor and largely inadequate for sustainable execution of extension services. It is optimistically estimated that on average the staffing at ward level needs to be increased by at least 50%. In some districts the deficiency of extension staff at ward level was as high as 80%. Training needs exist at all levels from the region down to community level. At the regional and district levels both long and short term training programs were required. At the community level required training is more practical and purely focused in mainstreaming SLM interventions at individual households and community lands. Potential collaborators with local government were identified in four main categories namely, NGOs/CBOs, private sector, government departments and faith-based organizations. The study recommends a capacity building program on specific knowledge gaps identified at regional, district, ward and village levels. The study further recommends that immediate measures need to be taken by the district authorities to address the staffing problem at ward level including recruitment of volunteers and developing collaboration framework with identified potential partners.

Cultivating global health professionals: evaluation of a training course to develop international consulting service competence in China

Background:China’s accelerating development and increasingly important role in global health engagement create a great demand for global health professionals including international consulting experts.This study reported the detailed development and evaluation of an international consulting training for global health workforce.Methods:Based on Kirkpatrick’s model,a mixed-methods approach was used to evaluate the effectiveness of the training.Quantitative and qualitative data on participants’reaction,learning,and application of the learned knowledge and skills were collected by a training evaluation survey at the ending of training and a follow-up interview in three months after the training.Results:Thirty-six participants attended the training and 34 of them completed quantitative investigation.The training satisfaction evaluations were positive,for which participants rated the training program highly and over 90%of them agreed with the usefulness of the training.About knowledge and skills change,participants showed improved consulting knowledge and skills from pre-to post-training(P<0.001).A total of 23 participants accepted follow-up interview,and most participants applied knowledge and skills learned from the training in their daily work or study.However,only 30.4%of participants applied their learning in the consulting program.The largest barrier of application was the lack of consulting opportunities.In addition,almost all the participants reported that they would be glad to attend more training courses in the future.Conclusion:The international consulting training program was well-received,and was feasible to improve the consulting service competence of global health professionals.According to participants’feedback,it is essential to develop and expand consulting training in the field of global health.

Pharmaceutical Care:An Additional and Personalized Service in Health Care

The Pharmaceutical Care(PC)service is a growing sector.The continuous development of the role of the professional pharmacist in the sector of health services within the pharmacy leads to having an active role in the primary care.The PC service has been in operation for years in other western countries such as Spain,the United Kingdom and the United States.Several studies have been carried out,which confirm the benefits of the service in reducing morbidity,hospital admissions and the cost of the health care system.This article sets out the concept of PC and the financial benefit to health expenditure.It also analyzes the Drug Therapy Problem(DTP)and the Patient Care Process.To conclude,a patient case is presented to understand the practical implementation of the theory of the PC and to show how the professional pharmacist reports the pharmacotherapeutic case.

Enhanced training on service standardization

A training and seminar on service standardization was held in Weifang city,eastern China＇s Shandong province,attracting150 representatives from nationwide quality inspection departments from November 27 to 30,2017.

Research on the Construction of Pharmacy Organization and the Development of Pharmaceutical Services in China’s Primary Medical and Health Institutions—Based on the Survey of 5 Provinces

Objective To explore the current situation and problems of the pharmacy organization and pharmaceutical services in primary medical and health institutions so as to provide a reference for improving relevant policies.Methods Multi-stage stratified random sampling was used to collect questionnaires from primary medical and health institutions in 5 provinces,and 102 questionnaires were distributed.Then Excel 2016 and IBM SPSS 21.0 software were applied for descriptive statistical analysis,chi-square test and multiple response analysis.Results and Conclusion A total of 92 primary medical and health institutions participated in the survey,and 92 valid questionnaires were recovered.The survey shows that 54.1%of the institutions have established more than 8 pharmaceutical administration regulations.63.5%and 31.8%of the institutions have formulated pharmaceutical administration and pharmacotherapy team charters(or management systems).29.7%of institutions have pharmacy personnel in accordance with relevant regulations.The higher proportion of pharmacy services are prescription review and adjustment,medication guidance,collecting and reporting adverse reactions,medication errors and medication hazard information.Primary medical and health institutions still need to further improve their pharmaceutical administration system,organizational structure,pharmacy professional training and clinical pharmacy service.

Research on Digital Practical Training Teaching Under the Background of“Internet+”:Taking the“Front Office Service”Course as an Example

This article aims to explore the application of digitalization in practical training teaching under the background of“Internet+”by taking the teaching of“Front Office Service”in the hotel management and digital operation major as an example.By using digital teaching methods,tools,and practical training methods,this study analyzes the impact of digital practical training teaching on students’mastery of front office service skills as well as explores the ways to implement digital practical training teaching.The research results show that digital practical training teaching can effectively improve students’learning effects and comprehensive quality,and simultaneously has positive significance for cultivating comprehensive hotel management talents that adapt to the needs of the“Internet+”era.

Outcomes of the Expanded Programme on Immunization Pre-Service Training Initiatives in Kenya: A Mixed Methods Study

Background: The Maternal and Child Survival Program of United States Agency for International Development conducted a study in 2017 to assess the outcome of an initiative to strengthen Expanded Programme on Immunization (EPI) pre-service training. The pre-service training initiative was undertaken by the Ministry of Health (MOH) with support from partners in 2012-2016. The overall objective of the study was to assess the adoption and effectiveness of the initiative in the competency (knowledge, skills and attitude) of graduate nurses. Methods: The study included a conveniently selected sample of 14 pre-service training institutions, 23 field practicum sites, and 29 health facilities in western Kenya, and used quantitative and qualitative methods of data collection. Results: All pre-service training institutions were found to have adapted the WHO EPI prototype curriculum. Overall, tutors followed training method in the classroom as suggested in the curriculum, except evaluation of students’ learning lacked tests or quizzes. Students had opportunities for hands-on practical experience in the field practicum sites. Graduate nurses were found to have acquired the skills for vaccinating children. However, some pre-service training institutions lacked functional skills labs for practical learning of students. In addition, students did not receive up-to-date information on EPI program, and lacked knowledge and skills on monitoring and documentation of EPI coverage during preservice training. Conclusions: It appears that the EPI pre-service training strengthening initiatives facilitated competency-based EPI training of nurses in Kenya. However, preservice training institutions still have scope for improvement in the skills lab, hand-washing practice, providing up-to-date information, and training students on coverage monitoring and documentation.

Effect of In-Service Training Program on the Practice of Healthcare Workers toward Malaria Prevention and Treatment Guidelines during Pregnancy in Health Facilities in Jowhar District, Somalia

Malaria is generally considered a major public health problem in Somalia. Providing early diagnosis and effective treatment is the key element of malaria control strategies in malaria-endemic countries, including Somalia. This required to advocate and ensure health worker’s adherence to the national malaria guidelines at all levels of health care service. A well-designed in-service training program may improve the level of health worker’s adherence to national malaria treatment guidelines, although results have been inconsistent. This is an interventional health facility-based pre and post comparative study aimed to assess the effect of an in-service training program on the practice of healthcare workers toward malaria prevention and treatment guidelines, during in pregnancy in health facilities in Jowhar district, Middle Shabelle region of Somalia. The study was implemented in three phases: pre-intervention phase, intervention phase and post-intervention phase. The sample size consisted of (n = 150) health workers who were selected from ten public health facilities using proportional to size sampling;the data collection adopted in this research is composed of a structured interview questionnaire and observational checklist. Data was analyzed through the application of descriptive statistical analysis that includes frequency and percentage and the Chi-square (x2) test was used to test the associations among variables using SPSS software version 25. The study showed that the level of health workers’ awareness of the national malaria guidelines in the treatment and prevention of malaria in pregnancy was found to be good before the intervention 89 (59.3%) and this proportion increased to 150 (100%) post-intervention of the training program. A significance difference has been observed between health workers’ awareness and their adherence to the malarial guidelines at pre-test and post-test with a p-value 0.000. The proportion of health workers who attended previous training on national malaria guidelines in the treatment and prevention of malaria in pregnancy increased from 46 (30.7%) at the pre-test to 150 (100%) after the post-test. A significant difference was observed in the training status among different categories of health worker and their adherence to the guidelines during the pre- and post-intervention of the training program, with a p-value of 0.000. The result showed that health workers were adhering to the guidelines at the pre-test 33 (22%), this increased after the post-test to 87 (58%). The knowledge of the need to adhere led to an increase in the adherence rate after the training program intervention. The study reveals that inadequate awareness was most reason for the non-adherence in the majority of the health workers as indicated by 89 (59.3%) at the pre-test and 56 (37.3%) in the post-test. However, difference was not significant between the availability of anti-malaria drugs in the facilities and the health workers’ adherence to the guidelines p-value 0.355 at the pretest and p-value 0.258 at post-test. The study concluded that the in-service training program significantly improved health workers’ knowledge and practice to the national malaria guidelines in the treatment, and prevention of malaria in pregnancy. The researcher recommends that the national malaria control programme (NMCP) of the Federal Ministry of Health should provide continuous regular in-service training to frontline healthcare workers at (facility and Community-based) to upgrade their skills and knowledge towards the malaria guidelines, disseminate job aids to the health facilities and undertake regular monitoring to ensure effective implementation of the national malaria treatment guidelines in the treatment and prevention of malaria in pregnancy in achieving desired proper case-management practices of malaria in pregnancy at all levels of health care service.

基于Web Services的企业培训管理系统多层架构设计

介绍Web Services的体系结构及其关键技术。在.NET平台上,采用多层架构思想设计实现基于Web Services的企业培训管理系统。此系统具有跨平台、分布式、易维护等特点,可为企业培训管理系统的开发提供一种新的开发模式。

Web Services下的会计专业实训平台设计和应用

高校会计实训平台系统有效整合了高校会计教学资源,该系统在金融、会计专业实训中较为适用,不仅能够实施教育教学授课,而且还可依照实际需求,根据真实业务展开事业实训,并由计算机软件根据会计专业准则对实训内容自动生成,并通过实训系统自动判定。所有新技术被研发的目的都是对现阶段技术应用中的问题进行全面、有效解决。现阶段,计算机软件技术可谓争相辉映,百花齐放,然而彼此却各自为政。基于该情况,应该设计一种可以让各应用系统彼此调用与沟通的新技术,即:Web Services。本研究主要分析与探讨高校中Web Services下的会计专业实训平台设计和应用。

Web Services在行车安全综合监控系统中的应用研究

研究Web Services在企业应用集成(Enterprise Application Integration,EAI)中的应用。分析行车安全综合监控系统集成的必要性,介绍Web Services的核心技术以及面向服务的体系结构(SOA),针对行车安全综合监控系统的特点提出一种基于Web Services的系统集成方案。

基于Web Service的列车车门维护接口技术研究与系统实现

扼要介绍了目前TCMS采用的列车网络系统现状及所面临的问题,并以列车车门为例,详细阐述了当前国际先进的基于工业以太网和Web Service技术的网络通信维护接口设计方法,实现车载设备与TCMS以及与远程列车管理系统异构平台之间的无缝信息集成。

It’s Not Just the Money: Why Consumers Do Not Purchase Pharmacist-Provided Services

The reimbursement model for pharmaceutical care remains a barrier to successful widespread implementation of pharmacist-provided services. In some instances, community pharmacists have been successful in obtaining direct compensation for services from patients;however, evidence suggests that lack of patient demand for pharmacist-services may ultimately undermine the campaign for widespread third-party payment. The purpose of this study is to conduct a secondary analysis of data indicating consumer/patients’ rationale for not purchasing pharmacist-provided disease management services when offered the opportunity to do so in community pharmacies. Our review of the data indicates that while financial concerns are clearly important in consumer demand for pharmacist-provided services, other considerations exist. The consumer/patient belief that pharmacist-provided services are duplicative or that these services are not needed are significant barriers to overcome. Intensive education and marketing campaigns are needed to sway consumer opinion on the value of pharmacist-provided services.

基于Web Service的远程培训系统研究与设计

本文在分析了WebService体系结构的基础上,针对当前远程培训系统存在的一些缺陷如:系统交互性差、子模块与子模块间的集成度低、不同平台上的数据难以共享等,研究并给出了一个基于WebService,使用ASP.NET和ADO.NET技术在.NETFramework下开发和集成远程培训系统的设计方案。

To Carry out Drug Consultation to Improve the Quality of Pharmacy Service in Outpatient Pharmacy

Objective:to explore the development of drug counseling service,strengthen the quality of pharmacy service in outpatient pharmacy,better service to patients,promote harmonious relations between doctors and patients.Methods:to analyze the necessity of drug consultation in outpatient pharmacy,in order to improve the quality of pharmacology service in outpatient pharmacy,we will discuss how to effectively provide drug counseling to improve the pharmacological service quality of outpatient pharmacy.Results:the implementation of the complete drug consultation process can effectively improve the quality of pharmaceutical work in outpatient pharmacy.Improve the patient's satisfaction with pharmaceutical work.Conclusion:with the perfection of the medical system,improving the quality of pharmaceutical service in outpatient service,and improving the quality of medical consultation,make it more systematic,normalization is important,only improving the quality of outpatient pharmacy service and strengthening the development of drug consultation work,to achieve the common progress of medical services.

New Measures of Chinese University Library Knowledge Service under the Cloudization Background

This article mainly explores and analyzes the application of network broadcast in the lecture service of university library under the cloudization background. By using the online survey method to investigate the lectures in some universities, it introduces the classification and characteristics of the network broadcast and obtains the advantage of network broadcast applied to lecture training through making contrast between the means of network multimedia. The result shows that the introduction of network broadcast can realize more customized, virtual and specialized lecture services, and facilitate the transformation of university library services in the digital era.