BACKGROUND： Chinese and contemporary Western medical practices evolved on different cultures and historical contexts and, therefore, their medical knowledge represents this cultural divergence. Computerization of tra...BACKGROUND： Chinese and contemporary Western medical practices evolved on different cultures and historical contexts and, therefore, their medical knowledge represents this cultural divergence. Computerization of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） is being used to promote the integrative medicine to manage, process and integrate the knowledge related to TCM anatomy, physiology, semiology, pathophysiology, and therapy. METHODS： We proposed the development of the SuiteTCM software, a collection of integrated computational models mainly derived from epidemiology and statistical sciences for computerization of Chinese medicine scientific research and clinical practice in all levels of prevention. The software includes components for data management （DataTCM）, simulation of cases （SimTCM）, analyses and validation of datasets （SciTCM）, clinical examination and pattern differentiation （DiagTCM, TongueTCM, and PulseTCM）, intervention selection （AcuTCM, HerbsTCM, and DietTCM）, management of medical records （ProntTCM）, epidemiologic investigation of sampled data （ResearchTCM）, and medical education, training, and assessment （StudentTCM）. DISCUSSION： The SuiteTCM project is expected to contribute to the ongoing development of integrative medicine and the applicability of TCM in worldwide scientific research and health care. The SuiteTCM 1.0 runs on Windows XP or later and is freely available for download as an executable application.展开更多
Nurses must be enlightened that clinical reasoning, clinical decision making, and clinical judgement are the key elements in providing safe patient care. It must be incorporated and applied all throughout the nursing ...Nurses must be enlightened that clinical reasoning, clinical decision making, and clinical judgement are the key elements in providing safe patient care. It must be incorporated and applied all throughout the nursing process. The impact of patients’ positive outcomes relies on how nurses are effective in clinical reasoning and put into action once clinical decision making occurs. Thus, nurses with poor clinical reasoning skills frequently fail to see and notice patient worsening condition, and misguided decision making arises that leads to ineffective patient care and adding patients suffering. Clinical judgment on the other hand denotes on the outcome after the cycle of clinical reasoning. Within this context, nurses apply reflection about their actions from the clinical decision making they made. The process of applying knowledge, skills and expertise in the clinical field through clinical reasoning is the work of art in the nursing profession in promoting patient safety in the course of delivering routine nursing interventions. Nurses must be guided with their sound clinical reasoning to have an optimistic outcome and prevent iatrogenic harm to patients. Nurses must be equipped with knowledge, skills, attitude and values but most importantly prepared to face the bigger picture of responsibility to care for every patient in the clinical field.展开更多
China Yangtze TGP is a particularly giant hydro development project in the world, with an enormous scale and complex technology. Seventy years project planning, verification and decision making and ten years const...China Yangtze TGP is a particularly giant hydro development project in the world, with an enormous scale and complex technology. Seventy years project planning, verification and decision making and ten years construction work demonstrate that not only great progress has been made within the projects implementation stage, but most of the conclusions from the verifications and decisions are correct as well. Some problems like sedimentation, environment and resettlement are still waiting to be proven in the actual operation of the project. This paper provides a brief introduction to the decision making and practice on TGP.展开更多
Based on the principles of system engineering,economics theory and local conditionof production,studies carried out by taking“quadratic-regression-orthogonal-rotational” and ran-domized complete block designs to det...Based on the principles of system engineering,economics theory and local conditionof production,studies carried out by taking“quadratic-regression-orthogonal-rotational” and ran-domized complete block designs to determine the Optimal Agronomical Practices Package（OAPP）for Wheat Modelized Cultivation Management（WMCM）by system decision-makinganalysis.The OAPP was expected to meet various goals of different levels of yield and economicbenefit of middle and high fertility land in Beijing area.Taking cultivar JINGDONG-1（"JD-1"）asan example,the OAPP for grain yield≥6750 kg/ha and net benefit≥360 US （?）/ha was consist-ed as follows:density=195 plants/m<sup>2</sup>;spring irrigation times=4（stem elongation,booting,flowering,and 20 days after anthesis）;fertilization=150-188 kg N/ha,113-128 kg P<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub>/ha.展开更多
基金supported by a grant (n°E-26/103.066/2012)from the Fundao Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo à Pesquisa no Estado do Rio de Janeiro (FAPERJ)
文摘BACKGROUND： Chinese and contemporary Western medical practices evolved on different cultures and historical contexts and, therefore, their medical knowledge represents this cultural divergence. Computerization of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） is being used to promote the integrative medicine to manage, process and integrate the knowledge related to TCM anatomy, physiology, semiology, pathophysiology, and therapy. METHODS： We proposed the development of the SuiteTCM software, a collection of integrated computational models mainly derived from epidemiology and statistical sciences for computerization of Chinese medicine scientific research and clinical practice in all levels of prevention. The software includes components for data management （DataTCM）, simulation of cases （SimTCM）, analyses and validation of datasets （SciTCM）, clinical examination and pattern differentiation （DiagTCM, TongueTCM, and PulseTCM）, intervention selection （AcuTCM, HerbsTCM, and DietTCM）, management of medical records （ProntTCM）, epidemiologic investigation of sampled data （ResearchTCM）, and medical education, training, and assessment （StudentTCM）. DISCUSSION： The SuiteTCM project is expected to contribute to the ongoing development of integrative medicine and the applicability of TCM in worldwide scientific research and health care. The SuiteTCM 1.0 runs on Windows XP or later and is freely available for download as an executable application.
文摘Nurses must be enlightened that clinical reasoning, clinical decision making, and clinical judgement are the key elements in providing safe patient care. It must be incorporated and applied all throughout the nursing process. The impact of patients’ positive outcomes relies on how nurses are effective in clinical reasoning and put into action once clinical decision making occurs. Thus, nurses with poor clinical reasoning skills frequently fail to see and notice patient worsening condition, and misguided decision making arises that leads to ineffective patient care and adding patients suffering. Clinical judgment on the other hand denotes on the outcome after the cycle of clinical reasoning. Within this context, nurses apply reflection about their actions from the clinical decision making they made. The process of applying knowledge, skills and expertise in the clinical field through clinical reasoning is the work of art in the nursing profession in promoting patient safety in the course of delivering routine nursing interventions. Nurses must be guided with their sound clinical reasoning to have an optimistic outcome and prevent iatrogenic harm to patients. Nurses must be equipped with knowledge, skills, attitude and values but most importantly prepared to face the bigger picture of responsibility to care for every patient in the clinical field.
文摘China Yangtze TGP is a particularly giant hydro development project in the world, with an enormous scale and complex technology. Seventy years project planning, verification and decision making and ten years construction work demonstrate that not only great progress has been made within the projects implementation stage, but most of the conclusions from the verifications and decisions are correct as well. Some problems like sedimentation, environment and resettlement are still waiting to be proven in the actual operation of the project. This paper provides a brief introduction to the decision making and practice on TGP.
文摘Based on the principles of system engineering,economics theory and local conditionof production,studies carried out by taking“quadratic-regression-orthogonal-rotational” and ran-domized complete block designs to determine the Optimal Agronomical Practices Package（OAPP）for Wheat Modelized Cultivation Management（WMCM）by system decision-makinganalysis.The OAPP was expected to meet various goals of different levels of yield and economicbenefit of middle and high fertility land in Beijing area.Taking cultivar JINGDONG-1（"JD-1"）asan example,the OAPP for grain yield≥6750 kg/ha and net benefit≥360 US （?）/ha was consist-ed as follows:density=195 plants/m<sup>2</sup>;spring irrigation times=4（stem elongation,booting,flowering,and 20 days after anthesis）;fertilization=150-188 kg N/ha,113-128 kg P<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub>/ha.
