纤维包自动除带及拆袋机的抱夹装置设计

为降低工人劳动强度,实现面向直行往复式自动抓棉机的纤维包自动化搬运与排放,介绍了一种纤维包自动除带及拆袋机中的基于自动导向车(AGV)的抱夹车结构,并对抱夹车的抱夹装置结构进行了设计,确定了抱夹装置中抱夹爪的尺寸,对抱夹车的抱夹装置和抱夹支撑部分主要机构进行了设计计算,根据工作要求设计了抱夹爪传动机构的齿轮齿条参数;通过对纤维包和各构件进行受力分析,确定了各油缸的负载,并对油缸进行了选型。经设计,抱夹装置的夹爪高度为1 200 mm,夹爪长度为600 mm,两夹爪间的开合范围为660 mm~910 mm;抱夹爪油缸使用压力为140 kg/cm2,缸径为100 mm,行程为5 mm~280 mm;抱夹支撑机构油缸的最小工作压力为0.97 MPa,缸径为80 mm,杆径为40 mm,行程为400 mm。

4YZJ-2L型玉米茎穗兼收打捆一体机的设计与研制

针对丘陵山地玉米收获中存在的效率低和资源浪费问题,设计并研制了4YZJ-2L型玉米茎穗兼收打捆一体机。该一体机集成了自走式玉米收获机和打捆机的复合功能,通过双层割台、并列式打捆机及自动控制系统的集成应用,实现了果穗和秸秆的分类收获及连续打捆,能够灵活适应丘陵山地小地块的局限性。田间试验结果表明,该一体机在提高作业效率、降低损失率和提升草捆质量方面具有显著优势,为丘陵山地玉米收获提供了一种有效的机械化方案。

产品消费中ALE、BALE与满意和口传行为关系的实证研究

消费情绪对满意有重要影响。在产品消费中,以往研究主要针对产品属性和商店环境引发的情绪与满意的关系进行,本文在文献回顾的基础上,将产品消费中由营销者可控因素引发的消费情绪进一步划分为属性水平的情绪(Attribute-level Emotions,简称ALE)和属性水平以外的情绪(Beyond Attribute-level Emotions,简称BALE),并深入研究二者与满意的关系。定性研究和定量研究的结果表明,BALE在产品消费中确实存在;引发BALE的营销者可控因素主要有服务、商店环境、广告、销售促进和公共关系;属性水平的正面情绪和负面情绪、属性水平以外的负面情绪对满意都有直接影响,并通过满意对口传行为产生间接影响。文章最后提出了本研究对管理实践的启示、研究的局限之处及未来的研究方向。

高立式芦苇沙障打捆成栅机的设计与试验

针对风沙区铁路安全运行中高立式芦苇沙障生产人工效率低、劳动强度大、制造成本高、操作工序多、工作环境恶劣等问题和对芦苇沙障成栅工艺流程研究的基础上,设计了高立式芦苇沙障打捆成栅机。通过对关键作业部件进行设计选型,确定了喂料机构、铁丝推送机构、打捆拧丝机构的结构,并采用理论分析、Workbench仿真方法对喂料弧片、送丝摇臂与拧丝虎口等关键零件参数进行了设计与分析。为提高作业性能,以芦苇束紧实度、芦苇破损率和单束打捆作业时间为评价指标,以铁丝推送长度、拧丝虎口转速为影响因素,进行了高立式芦苇沙障打捆优化实验,利用Design-Expert V8.0.6.1软件,构建关于评价指标与影响因素间的回归模型,确定最优参数组合为:拧丝虎口转速1297r/min、送丝距离372mm。样机验证试验结果表明:高立式芦苇沙障打捆成栅机具有较强的物料适应性,在优化参数组合下,通过试验验证了设计的正确性和合理性。上述研究成果丰富了高立式芦苇沙障打捆成栅技术,也为整秆打捆成栅机械的设计提供参考依据。

辊轴式残膜打包装置的设计与试验

【目的】针对国内现有残膜打包装置成捆机理不明确、作业时出现残膜逃逸、膜包杂质含量过高等问题,设计一种集残膜清杂及残膜打包为一体的辊轴式残膜打包装置。【方法】该装置主要由清杂输送机构、打包机构、传动系统等组成。通过理论分析建立清杂输送辊与残膜的力学关系,确定清杂输送辊的结构参数;根据清杂输送机构结构特征与作业原理,分析并确定清杂输送辊的布置间隙。采用机理分析方法分析残膜捆芯形成过程中残膜的受力与运动情况,并确定打包辊的运动参数。以成捆率和膜包含杂率为指标,机具前进速度、清杂输送机构倾斜角度、打包辊转速为试验因素进行正交试验,并对较优的参数组合进行田间验证试验。【结果】影响成捆率的主次因素依次为打包辊转速、清杂输送机构倾斜角度和机具前进速度;影响膜包含杂率的主次因素依次为清杂输送机构倾斜角度、机具前进速度和打包辊转速。以成捆率为主要指标,确定的较优作业参数组合为:清杂输送机构倾斜角度为10°、机具前进速度为1.5 m/s、打包辊转速为200 r/min。田间验证试验的膜包成捆率为98.1%、膜包含杂率为15.2%。【结论】该残膜打包装置满足田间作业要求,作业效果好,可为辊轴式残膜打包装置的设计与研究提供参考。

农作物秸秆收获机控制系统的设计与试验研究

农作物秸秆打捆收获是可以将农作物秸秆整理成捆并运输到其他地方使用,能够减少农田中秸秆的数量,提高秸秆利用效率,打捆后的秸秆可以用作饲料、生物质能源或肥料。为了提高农作物秸秆收获机械的工作效率及智能化工作水平,基于CAN总线设计了一种秸秆收获控制系统,并结合人机交互模式实现对秸秆收获过程中机器行进速度、工作载荷及秸秆打捆的智能控制。最后,通过田间试验对控制系统的应用进行测试,结果表明:秸秆收获控制系统可以在田间正常工作,控制系统响应速度较快,可以满足秸秆收获及打捆要求。研究结果可为秸秆收获系统智能化发展提供技术参考。

Harvesting Technologies and Costs for Switchgrass Production

As today’s society searches for renewable energy sources that could be an alternative to fossil fuels, biomass and biofuels provide a promising solution. Switchgrass is one of feedstocks that can be utilized as a renewable energy source. When farming, one of the most important considerations is efficiency. This consists of several factors, including time, fuel use, economic and power efficiencies of equipment. Inefficient field operations could increase harvesting costs and in turn could cause hesitation when a farmer decides to participate in biomass production. This literature review will cover the main elements of biomass and biomass handling relating to determining harvesting efficiency and biomass quality for switchgrass round bales. Specifically, the following sections include past research activities relating to biomass harvesting, biomass bale quality during outdoor storage, logistics models, and data collection methods during biomass harvesting. The objective of this review is to examine status and needs for switchgrass round bale harvesting operations and the expenses that come with it.

纤维包自动除带及拆袋机剪带过程的有限元仿真研究

针对当前直行往复式自动抓棉机纤维包人工排放过程工作强度大、效率低的问题,介绍了一种纤维包自动除带及拆袋机的设计,并采用LS-DYNA有限元分析软件,对该机剪带装置中剪带头剪断纤维包上捆扎带的过程进行显式动力学仿真研究,获得了剪带过程中剪带头与捆扎带上的应力分布规律及捆扎带的剪切破坏状态,通过分析剪带过程中剪切力及力矩随时间的变化特征,得到剪切力及力矩的最大值。仿真结果可为剪带头主要零部件的设计与选型提供参考与依据。

9YCG-90型饲草打捆缠膜机的设计与试验研究

针对我国中大型饲草打捆缠膜装备缺乏、中小型打捆缠膜机作业质量不高的现状,研究旨在设计一种打捆直径900 mm的电动式饲草打捆缠膜机,并确定其最佳工作参数。采用理论设计与试验分析的方法确定整机结构方案,分别对打捆装置、喂入装置、送网装置、配料装置、缠膜座及缠膜装置等进行结构设计与参数分析。试验通过双因素试验分析,确定了作业噪声、单捆能耗、打捆密度与开舱电流、打捆电机频率之间的回归方程,通过性能指标目标函数求解确定最优作业参数,即开舱电流22.63 A、打捆电机频率49.66 Hz。在最优作业参数下,作业噪声为86.56 dB(A),单捆能耗为0.37 kWh,打捆密度为758.13 kg/m^(3),此时整体作业性能最佳,可满足饲草打捆缠膜青贮作业需求。

裹包青贮饲料技术发展现状与展望

机械打捆裹膜的裹包青贮饲料密封性好,适宜饲料发酵,已在市场中广泛使用。目前,我国裹包青贮饲料机械装备的关键技术发展缓慢,整机装备存在工作效率低、可靠性不高、控制技术与智能技术不够完善等问题。在分析青贮饲料收获机与打捆裹膜机的关键技术和国内外发展现状的基础上,阐述我国现阶段裹包青贮饲料技术存在的问题,并对裹包青贮饲料技术提出展望,以期为青贮饲料收获和打捆裹膜机械装备的改进创新提供参考。

电动铝水抬包车的研发设计及应用

开发设计了一款电动铝水抬包车,该车以清洁能源电力为动力来源,低碳环保。驱动方式由原内燃机动力铝水抬包车的后桥驱动改为前桥驱动,自主设计主车架,降低了运输平台的高度,增加了整车稳定性,经济性相比之前产品显著提高,具有广阔的市场前景。

霸陵石围界来源初探

霸陵(汉文帝陵,即江村大墓)和薄太后南陵经勘探、试掘,发现其四周有一层河卵石平砌而成的石围界,其形制与传统帝王陵墓建设中使用的围沟、垣墙不同,不是本地传统。经与新疆、蒙古高原的“石围墓”的形制对比,推测霸陵石围界借鉴了“石围墓”的因素,这体现出了汉文化对草原文化因素的吸纳,是当时文化交流与传播的结果;其中,汉文帝个人的思想导向和经历对其陵墓吸纳“石围”文化因素起了重要作用。帝陵中“独树一帜”的石围界体现了汉代帝陵形制的改革与创新,是黄河中下游与新疆、蒙古高原文化交流的又一例证。

秸秆打捆机控制系统设计

农作物秸秆的存储和运输是农业生产中主要环节之一,如何增加秸秆打捆密度,提高秸秆的空间利用率是值得研究的问题。以圆形打捆机为控制对象,通过分析打捆机的研究现状及进展,设计了基于西门子PLC为控制核心的监控系统,并详细介绍了控制系统的硬件、软件设计,为打捆机运行性能的提升提供了技术支撑。

抬包车主车架结构设计及其有限元分析

针对国内电解铝行业抬包车仍然采用化石能源、整车重心高度较高、承载力较低的现状,开发设计了一款电动铝水抬包车。电动铝水抬包车以电力为动力来源,低碳环保,通过自主设计主车架降低了运输平台的高度,增加了整车稳定性。利用ANSYS Workbench对主车架的强度进行分析,根据分析结果完善主车架的设计,并完成了抬包车整车样车试制,为国内铝水抬包车的设计提供了参考。

棉纺混抓棉技术现状及全唛混抓棉技术的创新与突破

为了提高开清棉工序混棉、抓棉的效率和混和均匀性,详述纺纱生产中原料纤维强制性混和、分散性混和的原理以及混和不匀对纺纱品质的影响,分析现有抓棉、混棉机械以及混抓棉技术在功能、纤维品种适应性、纺纱产质量等方面存在的不足,提出实时全唛混抓棉的新概念和新模式,构建实时全唛混抓棉机架构模型,并与现有抓棉机多个技术经济项目进行对比。指出:现有抓棉机及抓棉混棉技术以抓棉为主、粗犷配棉混棉,无法达到强制性混和阶段精细混和的要求;实时全唛混抓棉机,混配在先、混抓结合、以抓带混、精确抓取、精细混棉、精准配比,同时附加多项重要功能,其研发契合行业的技术进步与发展要求,有利于纺纱生产工艺技术的转型升级,通过与整个纺纱工艺流程做系统性的优化、完善和适配,才能发挥其更大的优势潜能。

Study on Loading Ability of Straw Bale

The loading ability of straw bale was tested by Electronical Testing Machine. The linear regression equations were proposed between failure density and loading ability, and failure density and compressing energy. Based on an exponent model, the testing coefficients of straw bale were estimated using Levenberg-Marquardt Method. The results of test showed that the relation between failure density and loading ability and compressing energy was linear in the phase of high density. The loading ability of straw bale could meet the building bill.

Structure and Natural Regeneration Status of Woody Plants of Berbere Afromontane Moist Forest, Bale Zone, South East Ethiopia;Implication to Biodiversity Conservation

The study was conducted on Berbere Forest in Bale Zone of Oromia Regional State, south east of Ethiopia with the objective of determining the structural analysis and natural regeneration status of the forest. Systematic sampling method was used to collect vegetation data. Seventy two nest quadrat sizes of 400 m2 (20 m × 20 m) for trees and shrubs were used. Within the main quadrat, two opposite side of each sub-quadrat of 25 m2 (5 m × 5 m) for sapling, 4 m2 (2 m × 2 m) for seedling of woody plants. The diameter and height were measured for all individual trees and shrubs having DBH (Diameter at Breast Height) ≥ 10 cm thick and ≥2 m height by using a diameter tape or caliper and clinometer respectively. For description and analysis of vegetation structure Diameter at Breast Height (DBH), basal area, tree density, height, frequency and important value index were used. Structural analysis of some selected tree species was revealed four different population patterns (bell shaped, inverted J-shaped, irregular and U-shaped). The total basal area of Berbere forest was 87.49 m2/ha, but most of the basal area was contributed by few large sized Moraceae family (Ficus vasta, Ficus ovate and Ficus thonningii) plant species. Analysis of regeneration status of woody plants in the forest showed 37.09% trees/shrubs species exhibited “good”, 19.35% showed “fair”, 6.45% showed “poor” and 25.81% trees/shrubs species were “not regenerating” at all and 11.29% trees/shrubs species were available only in sapling or seedling stage. Studies on the structure and regeneration of the forest indicated that there are species that require urgent conservation measures. Therefore, based on the results of this study, we recommended detail regenerating studies of seed bank in relation to various environmental factors such as soil type and properties.

Stress Relaxation and Creep of Straw Bales

Loading ability of straw bales was tested by using an Electronical Testing Machine. Linear regression models were proposed to describe the loading ability as a function of failure density and compressing energy. Based on an exponent model, the testing compression coefficients of straw bales were estimated by using the Levenberg-Marquardt Method. Results showed that the relation among failure density, loading ability and compressing energy was linear in the phase of high density, Loading ability of straw bales could meet the requirement for building bills .

棉包自动拆袋机的创新设计

针对当前直行往复式自动抓棉机棉包人工排放过程劳动强度大、用时长的问题,提出了一种面向直行往复式抓棉机的棉包自动拆袋机的创新设计方案。该棉包自动拆袋机主要由棉包输送机、钩带装置、剪带装置、废带收集装置、夹袋装置、割袋装置、废袋收集装置、第一抱夹车及第二抱夹车构成。对棉包自动拆袋机的工作步骤及各组成部分的主要结构和工作原理进行了总体介绍。钩带机构在卷簧的作用下利用拨叉及钩带压板将棉包打包带握住,剪带机构的回转气缸驱动旋转刀片转动,与固定刀片闭合将棉包该位置的打包带剪断。割袋装置将包装袋先后沿底部对角线和一侧竖直方向上的两条边线割开。该棉包自动拆袋机通过采用自动化的机械装置自动完成棉包的搬运、输送、割带、割袋、拆袋、排放与废带废袋收集工作,有望替代传统的人工排包流程,可有效节省用工,并减轻操作人员的劳动强度,同时能够显著提高生产效率。

Verification of RFID System Usability in Silage Bale Life Cycle Management

Digitalization has nowadays raised interest in variable applications of farming.Increase of knowledge level,by means of unique identification,automation and control,farmers gain relevant business profit.This research is focused on the utilization of passive radio frequency identification(RFID)technology in silage bale application,both manual and automated level.Challenges arise due to silage conservation,varying environmental and seasonal conditions,different identification environments and RFID operation principle.Further maximum communication signal strength is limited by telecommunication standard regulations(e.g.,ETSI).The applicability of RFID technology with different commercial passive transponders is measured manually in a silage bale of 160 cm in diameter,covering 360 degrees around the bale.In addition,automated field tests are conducted in a real environment,where the data collection system is appended to a tractor and RFID reader antenna in a baler.Manual measurements are conducted as identification distance(meters)and transponder population(number of tags),while automated measurements are based on the number of successfully identified silage bales.Based on the manual measurement results,the most suitable tags for the automated field measurements were chosen,and the applicability to silage bale identification was verified.Field tests showed 100%success,with 151/151 uniquely identified silage bales.Achieved results prove that passive RFID operates well enough in silage bale identification,further enabling the development of digitalization of silage bale life cycle.