Elicitation on Artemisinin Biosynthesis in Artemisia annua Hairy Roots by the Oligosaccharide Extract from the Endophytic Colletotrichum sp. B501

The oligosaccharide elicitor from the mycelial wall of an endophytic Colletotrichum sp. B501 promoted the production of artemisinin in Artemisia annua L. hairy root culture. When hairy roots of 22-day-old cultures (later growth phase) were exposed to the elicitor (20 mg/L) for 4 d, the maximum content of artemisinin reached 1.15 mg/g, a 64.29% increment over the control. The electron X-ray microanalysis disclosed the rapid accumulation of Ca 2+ in the elicited cortical cells of hairy root. The electronic microscope observation revealed the high electron density area in vacuole of elicited cells. During the first day of elicitation the peroxidase activity of hairy roots was improved sharply. Some cellular morphological changes including cell shrinkage, condensation of cytoplasm and nuclear fragmentation, coincident with the appearance of DNA ladders, were observed after the third day of elicitation. It was suggested that the oligosaccharide elicitor triggered the programmed cell death, which may provide the substance or chemical signal for artemisinin biosynthesis.

An Investigation of Confucian Heuristic Teaching Elicitation Teaching Theory Theory and Socrates

Confucianism （especially its teaching theory） is the core of Chinese traditional culture with Confucius as its representative. It has played an indispensable role in the development of Chinese culture. It is the spiritual pillar of Chinese sustainable development. There are no others that can compare with its teaching method and art. The famous ＂heuristic teaching theory＂ is one of its greatest inventions. But many people think that it is Socrates invention. In fact, Socrates ＂elicitation teaching theory＂ was invented far later than that of Confucius. This paper aims at investigating of these two theories.

Probability Elicitation in Influence Diagram Modeling by Using Interval Probability

In decision modeling with influence diagrams, the most challenging task is probability elicitation from domain experts. It is usually very difficult for experts to directly assign precise probabilities to chance nodes. In this paper, we propose an approach to elicit probability effectively by using the concept of interval probability (IP). During the elicitation process, a group of experts assign intervals to probabilities instead of assigning exact values. Then the intervals are combined and converted into the point valued probabilities. The detailed steps of the elicitation process are given and illustrated by constructing the influence diagram for employee recruitment decision for a China’s IT Company. The proposed approach provides a convenient and comfortable way for experts to assess probabilities. It is useful in influence diagrams modeling as well as in other subjective probability elicitation situations.

A Discussion of Usefulness and Pitfall of Elicitation and Introspection

Nowadays, many scholars would like to use evidence derived from elicitation and introspection in their research. Both elicitation and introspection are common methods of data collection. The essay discusses the usefulness and pitfall of elicitation and introspection. It finds out that both elicitation and introspection have their own advantages and disadvantages.

Economical Requirements Elicitation Techniques During COVID-19: A Systematic Literature Review

Requirements elicitation is a fundamental phase of software development in which an analyst discovers the needs of different stakeholders and transforms them into requirements.This phase is cost-and time-intensive,and a project may fail if there are excessive costs and schedule overruns.COVID-19 has affected the software industry by reducing interactions between developers and customers.Such a lack of interaction is a key reason for the failure of software projects.Projects can also fail when customers do not know precisely what they want.Furthermore,selecting the unsuitable elicitation technique can also cause project failure.The present study,therefore,aimed to identify which requirements elicitation technique is the most cost-effective for large-scale projects when time to market is a critical issue or when the customer is not available.To that end,we conducted a systematic literature review on requirements elicitation techniques.Most primary studies identified introspection as the best technique,followed by survey and brainstorming.This finding suggests that introspection should be the first choice of elicitation technique,especially when the customer is not available or the project has strict time and cost constraints.Moreover,introspection should also be used as the starting point in the elicitation process of a large-scale project,and all known requirements should be elicited using this technique.

Hermeneutical Elicitation of Requirements: A Technical Perspective to Improve the Conception of the Software Requirements

In order to develop quality software that meets the originals needs of its users, it is necessary to perform the Requirements Engineering, so that the software context to be developed is identified, examined and specified properly. However, there is a problem that is increasingly in debate: the difficulty in understanding and establishing the purpose of the software to be developed, as pointed out by important researches in the area, such as the Chaos Report, which indicates that only 29% of software projects are successful, and the Software Engineering Institute, which points out software requirements as a critical factor for the success of software engineering and that deficiencies in this dimension are the main causes of software project failures. This article presents a proposal to address this problem through the use of the Hermeneutical Elicitation of Requirements, which is the conceptual adequacy of some hermeneutical methods in a technical approach that assists the requirements engineer to conceive better of the software requirements. In this way, the software engineer will be better able to develop the software to better meet the needs of its end users and sponsors.

Evaluating Biotic Elicitation with Phenylalanine and/or Yeast for Rosemary (<i>Rosmarinus officinals</i>L.) Sustainable Improvement under Traditional and Organic Agriculture

Rosemary (Rosmrinus officinals) is one of the most important medicinal plants was cultivated for two subsequent seasons field experiment trial (March 2018, 2019) designed as factorial split-plot design with three replicates. The main factor 4 biotic elicitors: control (E1), phenylalanine (E2), yeast (E3) and (E4), E2 + F3 Whereas, the sub-main factor, four fertilizers: (F1) NPK, (F2) 1/2NPK + PGPB and humic acid + PGPB (F3), and moringa dry leaves extract. + PGPB (F4). Statistical analysis for collected data revealed significant promotion for growth traits leading to significant increment biomass yield, secondary metabolites production and quality. Total phenolics, total flavonoids and essential oil its terpenes contents in which solitary, E2, E3 acted positive significant impact while E4exhiboted significant positive impact over E1 whereas, F1-4 achieved significant increment in which, biofertilser f4 > f3 > f2 over NPK biofertilser, while paired E1-4 with F1-4 performed E4E4 exceeded E3F3 exceeded E3F2 that exceeded E1F1. Therefore, multi-repeating elicitation with E2, 3, 4 coupled with Biofertilizers F2, 4 could be considered as eco-friendly innovative reliable practical application for sustainable improvement and sustainable use that exceeded significantly over traditional agriculture NPK alone or 1/2 NPK-PGPB for R. officinals.

Zhejiang Manufacturing Industry＇s Growing Up and Elicitation

Zhejiang Province firmly seized the opportunity of worldwide economy integration and manufacture industry strategically transfer to renew the ideas, execute the measures and forge ahead innovation so that it practically .developed the superiority of private enterprise system, government service, industry zone, enterprise competition, commodity brand, and culture and ideas and soon formed six manufacture development modes： grass root economy mode, block economy mode, demi-wolf economy mode, scaled economy mode, marketing economy mode and extroverted economy mode, which help Zhejiang province be a big manufacture province and economic prosperous province in China.

Creating Space for Children’s Voices: Utility of the Collage Life Story Elicitation Technique

A challenge for many School-Based Family Counseling(SBFC)practitioners,child psychotherapists and researchers are finding ways to give voice to children and eliciting trustworthy and detailed narratives that could serve as resource for understanding the needs of young clients in the context of all their interpersonal networks.Children are often reticent when asked to self-disclose and tell their stories during consultation.The purpose of the present study was to examine the utility of five sequential steps constituting the Collage Life Story Elicitation Technique(CLET)for scaffolding storytelling among children in middle childhood(aged 9-12 years).Using the CLET for data collection and conducting an interpretive analysis,the researchers explored the performance of 38 middle-childhood children living in three different settings.Findings suggest that the five sequential steps of the CLET adequately and satisfactorily combine to stimulate and elicit rich data and help children to construct their narratives and represent the challenges they face in everyday living.We discuss the application of CLET in SBFC practice as tool when screening and intervention planning for children’s perspectives pertaining to a range of topics regarding each of the four quadrants as proposed in the SBFC metamodel.

闽南方言外来词视角下泉州华侨文化游客感知元素研究

在实施《“十四五”旅游业发展规划》和建设“海丝文化”的背景下,海外华侨与祖国往来日益频繁和密切,华侨寻根旅游已成为国内旅游业尤其是侨乡文化旅游关注的热点。文章基于旅游凝视理论,将“感知元素”引入华侨文化研究领域,选取著名侨乡泉州的华侨文化为感知对象,以闽南旅游归侨为受试样本,通过深度访谈和文本分析,运用ZMET隐喻抽取技术和词频分析法提取14个起始构念、14个连接构念和11个终结构念,识别其共识逻辑链,构建华侨游客对华侨文化感知元素的共识地图,并据此探究闽南华侨文化元素宣传和宜游化的新举措。

基于“4Y到位”的照片启发访谈随访对卒中后认知障碍病人照顾者决策疲劳的影响

目的:探讨基于“4Y到位”的照片启发式访谈随访对卒中后认知障碍病人照顾者决策疲劳的影响。方法:2022年1月—11月选择桂林市社区居住的67名卒中后认知障碍病人照顾者为研究对象,随机分为对照组34人和干预组33人,对照组实施常规的微信随访,干预组基于“4Y到位”照片启发技术的随访,即计划到位(yes plan)、责任到位(yes duty)、检查到位(yes check)、激励到位(yes drive),干预3个月后,以决策疲劳量表评价干预效果。结果:干预3个月后,两组照顾者决策疲劳得分均低于干预前(P<0.05),且干预组照顾者决策疲劳得分[(17.79±1.95)分]低于对照组[(20.65±2.77)分],差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。结论:基于“4Y到位”的照片启发访谈随访能够有效降低卒中后认知障碍病人照顾者的决策疲劳。

ChatModeler:基于大语言模型的人机协作迭代式需求获取和建模方法

需求获取和建模是需求工程中的关键步骤,影响后续系统设计与实现.传统的需求获取和建模方法通常由需求提供者、需求分析师等多类干系人共同协作、反复迭代完成,需要耗费大量的人力.如何减轻需求提供者与需求分析师的负担、提高获取和建模的效率有着重要意义.现有工作中有的使用知识库来提供更多知识,以辅助获取或者建模,有的利用自然语言处理等技术对获取或者建模过程进行自动化,但是它们并没有减轻需求提供者的负担.利用大语言模型(large language models,LLMs)的生成能力,提供了一种人机协作的迭代式需求获取和建模框架ChatModeler.具体来说,根据真实世界中需求团队的分工及协作关系,将部分需求提供者、需求分析师等角色的工作由大语言模型承担,而需求提供者只需要进行确认.为大语言模型扮演的各种角色进行了提示词设计,该提示词会随需求的元模型而变化.ChatModeler在7个需求案例上与3种需求模型的自动建模方法进行了14组对比实验,证明了ChatModeler在降低需求提供者的负担和生成高质量需求模型2个方面上的优越性.

考虑竞品信息的顾客满意度研究

产品研发的根本驱动力是实现顾客满意,少有研究结合竞品信息探究产品的顾客满意度。综合“比较问答”和“在线评论”等在线用户生成信息,提出一种考虑竞品信息的综合顾客满意度建模方法。首先,通过挖掘在线问答中的比较问题识别竞品,基于比较回答的情感分析计算产品间的比较得分,构建比较网络,利用PageRank算法计算竞争顾客满意度。其次,运用LDA主题提取和情感分析从在线评论中提取基础顾客满意度。最后,结合竞争满意度和基础满意度获得综合顾客满意度。以红米K50的顾客满意度测度为例进行了案例分析,结果表明,综合顾客满意度结果与销量数据高度一致,可为产品改进提供决策依据。

图片引导法在社区慢性病患者护理中的应用进展

图片引导法是一种将图片纳入数据收集过程的质性研究方法,可为护理领域质性研究的开展提供方法学指导。文章综述了图片引导法的起源、内涵、实施步骤及其在社区慢性病护理中的应用现状,总结图片引导法在社区护理中的应用优势,并分析其在资源、伦理、时间以及报告规范性等方面面临的挑战,为促进图片引导法在我国社区慢性病护理中的应用提供参考。

基于消费者视角的霍山黄芽品质评价

安徽霍山黄芽常用霍山金鸡种和舒茶早两个品种制得,有黄茶制法和绿茶制法两种产品。采用偏好属性启发(Preferred attribute elicitation,PAE)法和时间强度(Time-intensity,TI)法探究不同品种、不同制法霍山黄芽的消费者偏好及滋味属性强度变化。PAE试验中评价员就生成的属性达成一致后,根据其影响喜好的重要性对感官属性进行排序和强度赋值,结果表明,滋味秩和(115)>香气秩和(81)>外形秩和(44),被消费者共同认为重要的属性词有回甘、花香和毫。TI试验中评价员根据几何平均值M筛选出回甘、醇、苦、鲜、涩5个描述词;霍山金鸡种黄茶制法样品的回甘、鲜味属性高于绿茶制法样品,醇、苦、涩属性低于绿茶制法样品;舒茶早表现出相反趋势。本研究利用PAE法和TI法提取出消费者视角的霍山黄芽重要属性,并通过观察不同品种、不同制法霍山黄芽的动态属性变化,基于消费者视角提出了霍山金鸡种更适合采用黄茶制法、舒茶早更适合采用绿茶制法,从而科学指导黄茶企业因地制宜地组织生产和销售。

基于隐喻抽取技术的高职体育师范专业认知特征探究——以广西体育高等专科学校为例

通过隐喻抽取技术访谈法,以广西体育高等专科学校体育师范专业二年级学生为调查对象,对该专业学生专业认知特征进行了探究。研究发现:体育师范专业学生在专业选择时自主、谨慎、负责;学生对学校专业人才培养缺少全局认识;学生对将来的授课对象缺少系统的认知;学生的自我效能感较高。基于此,提出了相应建议:学校需协助学生厘清人才培养的脉络;提高学生对专业情感和专业价值的认同;增强学生的社会责任感和使命感。对高职体育师范学生专业认知的特征进行研究,既有利于提高学生对专业的认知,也有利于提高学生对相应职业的认知。

玻璃破碎新鲜表面吸气特性及其诱导下快速抽气新方法研究

高真空获得及维持技术对微纳材料制备、微电子设备制造、真空电子器件工艺优化等领域的科学研究及工业应用至关重要。文章面向高真空获得及维持过程中吸气材料吸气机理解析及寻优材料替代之关键科学问题,致力于克服传统高真空技术维持高真空状态能耗高、传统高真空获得方法依赖于昂贵设备和复杂操作等缺陷,提出了一种基于玻璃破碎新鲜表面诱发高真空获得及压力下限突破的新方法;文章首先开展了吸气成分及分压力测试实验及最大有效抽速实验研究。实验结果表明新鲜玻璃破碎表面具备吸气效应;解析玻璃新鲜表面吸附的主要气体成分及分压力变化,剖析出主要吸附气体组分为氢气和氮气;定量评估了新方法的抽气能力,利用蒙特卡洛方法仿真分析了泵出口管道的传输概率,获得新方法的最大有 效抽速。相比现有真空获得和维持技术,文章所提出的新方法具有易激活、材料性价比高、抽速可观等优势,有助于为狭小 空间高真空获得及维持提供新型技术途径及应用有效性参考。

银行理财客户风险测评的行为实验研究:方法比较与效果分析

长期的低收益率与刚性兑付使得客户对银行理财产品的风险形成了保本保息的扭曲认识。理财产品的规范化与监管新规的执行引起了理财产品的大幅亏损,导致客户的不满及银行与客户关系的恶化。理财产品风险分级与客户风险类型不匹配可能是问题背后的潜在原因。为此,本文重新审视和检验商业银行理财风险测评的效果。通过行为实验,本文将风险测评问卷、经典的彩票选择测试和新兴的炸弹诱导测试方法进行对比。研究发现风险测评问卷度量的风险厌恶程度显著低于炸弹诱导测评,但与彩票选择测评无显著差异。三种测评方法的结果对风险追求客户的分类表现一致,但对风险厌恶客户的分类存在差异。另外,风险测评问卷将大部分客户划分为稳健与谨慎两类,导致客户类型的区分度不高。客户风险分类是风险测评的核心目的,因此银行需要更好地理解不同测评方法的差异,并慎重地选择测评方法。本研究为解决理财新规下的新问题提供了可能的思路,并为进一步改进理财风险测评提供了建议。

对话场景下的情感引导问题生成模型

人机对话系统已在多种智能服务场景中得到广泛应用。当前的人机对话系统可以感知对话者的情感,并根据上下文给出具备特定情感的响应。但是,具备特定情感的响应难以确保能够有效地引导人们产生特定的情感,例如,一个具备“高兴”情感的响应并不能保证人们产生高兴的情感。在一些场景中,人机对话系统需要引导用户达到某种特定的情感状态,以利于对话的持续开展或提升交互效率,如对话心理陪护或在线智能教学。当前的人机对话系统仅针对“积极/消极”等粗粒度情感引导进行了探索,难以应对细粒度情感引导任务。同时,针对对话的心理研究指出,“问题”会显著影响对话方情感的走向。基于上述背景,提出了一种对话场景下的情感引导问题生成模型。该模型基于GPT预训练模型,将需要引导对话方产生的情感作为情感知识引入模型的响应生成过程之中,同时引入了上下文情感感知机制和常识知识融合机制,并采用多任务学习的方法增强了模型的情感感知能力和对话响应生成能力。鉴于这是首次提出面向细粒度情感引导的问题生成任务,因此构建了情感引导数据集用于训练和实验,并且提出了基于提示学习的自动评价方法。最终,自动评价和人工评价的结果表明,所提模型能有效地生成问题,以引导对话方产生特定的情感。

以执业能力为导向的导师制在骨科实习生培养中的效果评价

目的探索以执业能力为导向的导师负责制在骨科实习生培养中的应用效果。方法选取2021年9月—2023年6月2021和2022学年“5+3”一体化的60名本科实习生作为研究对象,将2021学年的实习生作为对照组,2022学年的实习生作为研究组,每组30名。对照组采用标准教学模式培养,研究组采用以执业能力为导向的导师负责制模式培养,培养时间为1个月。比较2组实习生的理论和临床考核成绩、迷你临床演练评估量表(mini-clinical evaluation exercise,Mini-CEX)评分、主观-客观-评价-计划(subject-objective-assessmentplan,SOAP)评分、医患沟通技能评价量表(set elicit give understand end framework,SEGUE)评分。结果2组实习生的客观题和临床技能考核成绩比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);研究组实习生的病例分析题成绩、Mini-CEX评分、SOAP评分和SEGUE评分([41.3±3.5)分、(47.9±7.0)分、(74.4±7.7)分、(20.5±3.2)分]高于对照组[(36.8±6.1)分、(36.0±7.0)分、(62.0±7.1)分、(18.1±3.0)分],差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论以执业能力为导向的导师负责制能够明显提高骨科实习生的临床诊疗水平,有助于培养出更优秀的医学人才。