Deep Background of Wenchuan Earthquake and the Upper Crust Structure beneath the Longmen Shan and Adjacent Areas

By analyzing the deep seismic sounding profiles across the Longmen Shan, this paper focuses on the study of the relationship between the upper crust structure of the Longmen Shan area and the Wenchuan earthquake. The Longmen Shan thrust belt marks not only the topographical change, but also the lateral velocity variation between the eastern Tibetan Plateau and the Sichuan Basin. A low-velocity layer has consistently been found in the crust beneath the eastern edge of the Tibetan Plateau, and ends beneath the western Sichuan Basin. The low-velocity layer at a depth of -20 km beneath the eastern edge of the Tibetan Plateau has been considered as the deep condition for favoring energy accumulation that formed the great Wenchuan earthquake.

A Brief Analysis of Ranunculaceae Family Resources Based on Yu Tuo Ben Cao

[Objectives]To facilitate the rational use and timely protection of the Tibetan medicinal plant resources to count and reorganize Tibetan medicines recorded in Yu Tuo Ben Cao.[Methods]Based on literature research and data analysis,this paper analyzed the plant genera,and their habitat characteristics and the main types of diseases.[Results]Yu Tuo Ben Cao contains 191 kinds of botanicals,of which Ranunculaceae has the largest number of 11 genera and 25 species,with a wide distribution of habitats and 5 categories,and the main therapeutic efficacy covers 16 fields.[Conclusions]As a part of Yu Tuo Ben Cao,Tibetan medicines of Ranunculaceae have great research value because of their variety,large number,wide distribution,and diverse uses.

多胺类似物BENS对黑素瘤B16-F1细胞生长的影响

目的:探讨多胺类似物N1,N11-bis(ethyl)norspermine(BENS)对黑素瘤B16-F1细胞生长及凋亡的影响。方法:BENS处理B16-F1细胞,MTT法检测细胞存活率,FCM法检测细胞凋亡率,荧光染色法检测线粒体膜电位的变化,DNA片段化检测细胞凋亡,Western印迹法检测凋亡相关蛋白的含量。结果:多胺类似物BENS能显著抑制B16-F1细胞增殖,抑制率呈药物浓度依赖性。BENS可诱导DNA片段化,导致FCM分析中出现典型的亚凋亡峰,同时伴有细胞线粒体膜电位降低、细胞色素C由线粒体向细胞质释放和Bax由细胞质向线粒体转移等凋亡相关性改变。结论:多胺类似物BENS抑制黑素瘤B16-F1细胞生长,并能诱导该细胞凋亡,具有潜在的临床应用价值。

多胺类似物BENS和TBP对胰腺癌PANC-1细胞增殖、凋亡和迁移能力的影响

为探讨多胺类似物BENS和TBP对胰腺癌PANC-1细胞生长的影响、促进细胞凋亡的机制以及迁移能力的影响,运用MTT法检测药物对细胞生长的影响;亚凋亡峰流式细胞分析法及TUNEL法检测细胞凋亡;Western blotting法测定Bax蛋白、细胞色素C蛋白的表达变化;Ranswell技术检测细胞迁移能力的改变。分析发现,两种多胺类似物均可显著抑制PANC1癌细胞增殖,抑制作用随药物浓度加大而增加,其细胞毒性大小依次为BENS>TBP。细胞凋亡分析发现,BENS和TBP均可诱导PANC1发生细胞程序性凋亡,导致亚凋亡峰出现和明显的DNA断裂现象。胞浆中Bax蛋白和细胞色素C含量显著增加,同时显著性抑制PANC1细胞的迁移能力。表明BENS和TBP能够抑制人胰腺癌PANC1细胞增殖;阻止PANC1细胞迁移的能力;同时诱导细胞发生凋亡,其作用机制可能与改变肿瘤细胞正常的细胞周期,活化线粒体参与的细胞凋亡途径相关。

甘蓝型油菜Polima和Shan 2A CMS的orf224基因的序列分析

目的油菜PolimaCMS的线粒体基因组中含有orf224的4.5kb的区段是与细胞质雄性不育相关的,验证Shan2ACMS与PolimaCMS在orf224的差异性。方法根据orf224设计5′端和3′端的1对特异引物,对PolimaCMS和Shan2ACMS的线粒体基因组进行PCR扩增,在Shan2A中得到与orf224同源的DNA片段,对其测序分析。结果两序列均由675个碱基组成,核苷酸同源性为99.3%。结论证实Shan2ACMS与PolimaCMS的orf224基因上存在差异,不能简单的从两者具有共同的恢保关系上说明Shan2ACMS就是已知的PolimaCMS。

第一性原理计算Li2BeN（N=1-10）团簇的最低能量结构及其电子性质

本文从第一性原理出发，利用密度泛函理论（DFT）计算了Li2BeN（N=1-10）团簇的最低能量结构及其电子性质，计算结果表明，Li2BeN（N=1-10）团簇最低能量结构的对称性与单一成分的铍团簇相比有所下降，能量二阶有限差分随团簇尺寸的增加出现了奇偶振荡现象。从结构稳定性上来看，N=9是Li2BeN（N=1-10）团簇的一个幻数，我们同时发现了团簇中从Be到Li的电荷转移以及小的Li2Ben（N≤6）团簇中类范德瓦尔斯相互作用和共价相互作用共存的现象。

Emei Shan Liocichla: population, behavior and conservation

Endemic to China, the Emei Shan Liocichla(Liocichla omeiensis) is considered globally vulnerable by the IUCN because of its small, declining population and fragmented range. The species has been recorded in only a few mountainous forests in south-central Sichuan and in the extreme northeast of Yunnan Province. We summarized the basic eco-biology information on its habitat,breeding, winter habits and behavior, voice, population status, research and conservation.

国产Shans试剂盒筛检直肠癌和腺瘤

应用国产Ｓｈａｎｓ试剂盒对１５８例直肠粘液Ｔ抗原进行检测。结果发现：１８例结直肠癌中１７例阳性（９４．４％），８例腺瘤性息肉７例阳性（８７．５％），６例非肿瘤性息肉３例为阳性（５０％），５２例炎性病变中４例阳性（７．６％），７４例肠粘膜正常者３例阳性（４％）。表明该法对结直肠癌和腺瘤检出的敏感性为９２．３％，特异性为９２．４％，阳性预告值为７０．６％。国产Ｓｈａｍｓ试剂盒是的筛检结直肠癌和腺瘤的方法。

Ben-tall手术后早期并发症的观察及护理

目的总结Ben-tall手术后早期并发症的发生情况及护理对策。方法对17例施行外科Ben-tall手术的患者资料进行回顾性分析,总结术后各种早期并发症的发生情况及相关护理对策。结果9例患者术后均出现不同程度的并发症,其中胸腔积液4例,心包填塞1例,脑部并发症2例,心律失常4例,低心排血量综合征1例。其中4例患者出现2项或2项以上并发症,经过精心治疗及护理,患者均痊愈出院。结论外科Ben-tall术后早期并发症严重,甚至危及生命,术后严密观察病情及护理是患者顺利康复的重要因素。

基于Shan-Chen模型的格子Boltzmann方法在微流动模拟研究中的应用

对格子Boltzmann方法的本质及Shan-Chen模型的核心机制进行了全面阐述,并从应用实例角度对基于Shan-Chen模型的格子Boltzmann方法在微流动模拟方面的有效性、适应性进行了详细分析.结果表明,Shan-Chen模型易于耦合微观条件下占主导作用的微观力,拓宽了格子Boltzmann方法在微流动模拟方面的应用.同时,Shan-Chen模型在润湿性边界条件表征方面的优势,使得这种方法在微结构表面的滑移效应模拟方面具有很好的应用前景.

浅谈游戏《Ben》中灯光对场景气氛的塑造

通过结合游戏《Ben》对游戏灯光展开两方面分析：一、游戏灯光光照方向和高低光照对游戏气氛塑造的作用和影响。二、结合游戏《Ben》关卡设定分析灯光气氛塑造的作用和影响。

Active Tectonics of the Longmen Shan Region on the Eastern Margin of the Tibetan Plateau

There is a massive amount of geomorphic evidence for active tectonics in the Longmen Shan at the eastern margin of the Tibetan plateau. We have surveyed some typical geomorphic markers including the Wenchuan-Maowen, Beichuan-Yingxiu and Pengxian-Guanxian faults, terrace offsets, scarps, fault-controlled saddles, dextral shutter ridges, dextral channel offsets, graben, shatter belts, and pull-apart basins. Electron spin resonance （ESR） and thermoluminescence（TL） ages were obtained using silty sand taken from below the surface of the sediments. According to these data, we calculated the rates of thrusting and strike-slip, and the results indicate that Cenozoic tectonic shortening at the plateau margin is minor with the rate of thrusting less than 1.10 mm/a and the rate of strike-slipping less than 1.46 mm/a. The Longmen Shan is a zone of NNE-trending dextral shear with slip-dip ratio of 6：1-1.3：1. From NW to SE, the thrust component becomes smaller, whereas the strike-slip component becomes larger.

Early Cretaceous overprinting of the Mesozoic Daqing Shan fold-and-thrust belt by the Hohhot metamorphic core complex,Inner Mongolia,China

The Early Cretaceous Hohhot metamorphic core complex （mcc） of the Daqing Shan （Mtns.） of central Inner Mongolia is among the best exposed and most spectacular of the spatially isolated mcc＇s that developed within the northern edge of the North China ＂craton＂. All of these mcc＇s were formed within the basement of a Late Paleozoic Andean-style arc and across older Mesozoic fold-and-thrust belts of variable age and tectonic vergence. The master Hohhot detachment fault roots southwards within the southem margin of the Daqing Shan for an along-strike distance of at least 120 km. Its geometry in the range to the north is complicated by interference patterns between （1） primary, large-scale NW-SE-trend- ing convex and concave fault corrugations and （2） secondary ENE-WSW-trending antiforms and syn- forms that folded the detachment in its late kinematic history. As in the Whipple Mtns. of California, the Hohhot master detachment is not of the Wernicke （1981） simple rooted type; instead, it was spawned from a mid-crustal shear zone, the top of which is preserved as a mylonitic front within Carboniferous metasedimentary rocks in its exhumed lower plate. 4~Ar-39Ar dating of siliceous volcanic rocks in basal sections of now isolated supradetachment basins suggest that crustal extension began at ca. 127 Ma, although lower-plate mylonitic rocks were not exposed to erosion until after ca. 119 Ma. Essentially synchronous cooling of bornblende, biotite, and muscovite in footwall mylonitic gneisses indicates very rapid exhumation and at ca. 122--120 Ma. Contrary to several recent reports, the master detachment clearly cuts across and dismembers older, north-directed thrust sheets of the Daqing Shah foreland fold-and-thrust belt. Folded and thrust-faulted basalts within its foredeep strata are as young as 132.6 ± 2.4 Ma, thus defining within 5--6 Ma the regional tectonic transition between crustal contraction and profound crustal extension.

New Zircon U-Pb Geochronology of the Post-kinematic Granitic Plutons in the Diancang Shan Metamorphic Massif along the Ailao Shan-Red River Shear Zone and Its Geological Implications

The Ailao Shan-Red River fault zone is the boundary between the Yangtze block to the northeast and the Indochina block to the southwest.It is an important tectonic zone due to its role in the southeastward extrusion of the Indochina block during and subsequent to the Indian-Eurasian collision.Diancang Shan（DCS） high-grade metamorphic complex,located at the northwest extension along the Ailao Shan-Red River（ASRR） shear zone,is a representative metamorphic complex of the ASRR tectonic belt.Structural and microstructural analysis of sheared rocks in the high-grade metamorphic rocks reveals that they are coherent with solid-state high-temperature ductile deformation,which is attributed to left-lateral shearing along the ASRR shear zone.New LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb geochronological and microstructural studies of the post-kinematic granitic plutons provide a straightforward time constraint on the termination ductile left-lateral shearing and exhumation of the metamorphic massif in the ASRR shear zone.It is suggested that the left-lateral shearing along the ASRR shear zone ended at ca.21 Ma at relative lower-temperature or decreasing temperature conditions.During or after the emplacement of the young dikes at ca.21 Ma,rapid brittle deformation event occurred,which makes the DCS massif start fast uplift/exhumation and cooling to a shallow crustal level.

Interpreting the Coseismic Uplift and Subsidence of the Longmen Shan Foreland Basin System during the Wenchuan Earthquake by a Elastic Flexural Model

The coseismic surface uplift of the Longmen Shan（LMS） created an instantaneous topographic load over the western margin of the Sichuan Basin, where surface subsidence, decreasing eastward, has been measured using several methods, such as GPS, SAR and levelling. Using an elastic flexural model, we aim to interpret the coseismic surface uplift and subsidence, and constrain the effective lithospheric elastic thickness（Te） of the Sichuan Basin. Using different effective elastic thickness values for the Sichuan Basin, a series of subsidence curves were computed by the elastic flexure model equation for a broken elastic plate. The curves, produced by models using an effective elastic thickness of 30–40 km, provided the best fit to the general pattern of observed coseismic subsidence of the Sichuan Basin. However, the calculated subsidence（-40–70 cm） at the front of the LMS is evidently lower than the observed values（-100 cm）, suggesting that the effective elastic thickness therein should be lower. These results indicate that the lithospheric strength may decrease westward from the Sichuan Basin to the LMS.

Light-absorbing impurities on Keqikaer Glacier in western Tien Shan: concentrations and potential impact on albedo reduction

Light-absorbing impurities on glaciers are important factors that influence glacial surface albedo and accelerate glacier melt. In this study, the quantity of light-absorbing impurities on Keqikaer Glacier in western Tien Shan, Central Asia, was measured. We found that the average concentrations of black carbon was 2,180 ng/g, with a range from 250 ng/g to more than 10,000 ng/g. The average concentrations of organic carbon and mineral dust were 1,738 ng/g and 194 μg/g, respectively. Based on simulations performed with the Snow Ice Aerosol Radiative model simulations, black carbon and dust are responsible for approximately 64% and 9%, respectively, of the albedo reduction, and are associated with instantaneous radiative forcing of 323.18 W/m2(ranging from 142.16 to 619.25 W/m2) and 24.05 W/m2(ranging from 0.15 to69.77 W/m2), respectively. For different scenarios, the albedo and radiative forcing effect of black carbon is considerably greater than that of dust. The estimated radiative forcing at Keqikaer Glacier is higher than most similar values estimated by previous studies on the Tibetan Plateau, perhaps as a result of black carbon enrichment by melt scavenging. Light-absorbing impurities deposited on Keqikaer Glacier appear to mainly originate from central Asia, Siberia, western China(including the Taklimakan Desert) and parts of South Asia in summer, and from the Middle East and Central Asia in winter.A footprint analysis indicates that a large fraction(>60%) of the black carbon contributions on Keqikaer Glacier comes from anthropogenic sources. These results provide a scientific basis for regional mitigation efforts to reduce black carbon.

Strain, Kinematic Vorticity and Ductile Thinning along the Detachment Zone of the Yunmeng Shan Metamorphic Core Complex, Beijing, China

The Yunmeng Shan metamorphic core complex （MCC） is composed of the lower plate, the upper plate and the detachment zone. The detachment zone consists of ductile shear zone （mylonite zone）, chloritized microbreccias zone and the brittle fault plane. The ductile shear zone contains mylonitic rocks, protomylonites, and mylonites. Finite strain measurements of feldspar porphyroclasts from those rocks using the Rf/φ method show that the strain intensities increase from mylonitic rocks （Es=0.66-0.72） to protomylonites （Es=0.66-0.83）, and to mylonites （Es=0.71-1.2）. The strain type is close to flatten strain. Kinematic vorticity estimated by Polar Mohr diagrams suggest that foliations and lineation of mylonite （0.47〈Wk〈0.85） record a bulk simple-dominated general shearing at the initial evolution stage of the Yunmeng Shan MCC＇s detachment zone; and the extensional crenulation cleavage（ecc） （0.34〈Wk〈0.77） recorded a bulk pure-dominated general shearing at the later stage of the evolution. Kinematic vorticity measurements also show that the Yunmeng Shan MCC detachment zone is a result of a combination of simple-dominated general shearing caused by crustal extension at the early stage and pure-dominated general shearing caused by MCC uplifting at the late stage. The ductile thinning estimated by finite strain measurements and estimation of Kinematic vorticity ranges from 52% to 82%, which is the minimum thining estimation. Our studies provide new evidence for mechanisms of the Yunmeng Shan MCC detachement zone.

NIT-Ph-p-BEN氮氧自由基的制备及其催化降解性能

对醛基苯甲酸与2,3-二甲基-2,3-二羟胺基丁烷进行缩合,再经Na IO_(4)氧化最终制得了4-(4,4,5,5-四甲基-1,3-二氧化物)咪唑基-1-苯甲酸(NIT-Ph-p-BEN氮氧自由基)。采用FTIR、UV-Vis、EPR(电子顺磁共振波谱)和元素分析对其结构进行表征;通过催化降解废水中有机染料甲基橙、甲基蓝和罗丹明B对其催化活性进行了评估。结果表明,当甲基橙、甲基蓝和罗丹明B质量浓度为15 mg/L、NIT-Ph-p-BEN氮氧自由基质量浓度为0.15 g/L、H_(2)O_(2)浓度为30 mmol/L时,NIT-Ph-p-BEN氮氧自由基对甲基橙有更好的催化降解性,仅在1 h内甲基橙的降解率达到94.26%。此外,反应机理表明,H_(2)O_(2)有助于实现NIT-Ph-p-BEN氮氧自由基的再生和循环利用。

The Coupling Relationship between the Uplift of Longmen Shan and the Subsidence of Foreland Basin,Sichuan,China

Depending on the analysis of the coeval sedimentary geometry and subsidence mechanism in the Longmen Shan foreland basin, three models about the coupling relationship between Longmen Shan uplift and foreland basin subsidence since the Indosinian have been proposed：（1） crustal shortening and its related wide wedge-shaped foreland basin,（2） crustal isostatic rebound and its related tabular foreland basin, and（3） lower crustal flow and its related narrow wedge-shaped foreland basin. Based on the narrow wedge-shaped foreland basin developed since 4 Ma, it is believed that the narrow crustal shortening and tectonic load driven by lower crustal flow is a primary driver for the present Longmen Shan uplift and the Wenchuan（Ms 8.0） earthquake.

Meso-Cenozoic tectonic evolution of the Talas-Fergana region of the Kyrgyz Tien Shan revealed by low-temperature basement and detrital thermochronology

This study provides new low-temperature thermochronometric data, mainly apatite fission track data on the basement rocks in and adjacent to the Talas-Fergana Fault, in the Kyrgyz Tien Shan in the first place.In the second place, we also present new detrital apatite fission track data on the Meso-Cenozoic sediments from fault related basins and surrounding intramontane basins. Our results confirm multistaged Meso-Cenozoic tectonic activity, possibly induced by the accretion of the so-called Cimmerian blocks to the Eurasian margin. New evidence for this multi-staged thermo-tectonic activity is found in the data of both basement and Meso-Cenozoic sediment samples in or close to the Talas-Fergana Fault.Zircon(U-Th)/He and apatite fission track data constrain rapid Late TriassiceE arly Jurassic and Late JurassiceE arly Cretaceous basement cooling in the Kyrgyz Tien Shan around 200 Ma and 130 -100 Ma respectively. Detrital apatite fission track results indicate a different burial history on both sides of the Talas-Fergana Fault. The apatite fission track system of the Jurassic sediments in the Middle Tien Shan unit east of the Talas-Fergana Fault is not reset, while the Jurassic sediments in the Fergana Basin and Yarkand-Fergana Basin, west of the fault zone, are partially and in some cases even totally reset. The totally reset samples exhibit Oligocene and Miocene ages and evidence the Cenozoic reactivation of the western Kyrgyz Tien Shan as a consequence of the India-Eurasia convergence.