Consideration of the Application and Risk Prevention of VAT Tax Rebate Policy for Construction Enterprises at the End of the Period

The“Announcement on Deepening the Value-Added Tax Reform”clearly outlines the preferential policy regarding incremental retention tax rebates.With the advancement of value-added tax(VAT)reform and the improvement of VAT legislation in China,VAT tax planning for construction enterprises,particularly related to retained tax credits,has become routine.This paper,focusing on the characteristics of construction enterprises,analyzes VAT retained tax credits at the end of the period,the status of tax refunds,practical issues,and related processes,and offers suggestions for policy application and risk prevention.

The Impact of the ＂Replace the Business Tax with VAT＂ on the Enterprises Tax Burden

Since 2012, China has started to carry out pilot work on ＂Replace the Business Tax with VAT＂ in Shanghai, and in the same year expanded the scope of implementation in 8 provinces and municipalities. From August 2013, ＂Replace the Business Tax with VAT＂ were carried out nationwide. From May 1st, 2016, China will fully implement the pilot reform and increase the construction industry, real estate industry, financial industry, and life service industry into pilots. At this point, business tax will be withdrawn from the stage of history. VAT system will be more standardized. The large-scale promotion and implementation of ＂Replace the Business Tax with VAT＂ has not only eliminated the problem of double taxation, but has also achieved the major goal of structural tax cuts. The in-depth implementation of the taxation reform has played an active role in promoting the establishment of a sound taxation system in China, promoting the upgrading of China＇s industries, and optimizing the economic structure. It has important implications for creating a fair tax environment interiorly and promoting the development of social economy. In this paper, the quantitative study on whether the tax burden of the enterprise has been reduced after the ＂Replace the Business Tax with VAT＂ has been verified, to verify the policy effect of ＂Replace the Business Tax with VAT＂. at the same time, it can also provide some suggestions for enterprises to tax administration.

Research on Influence of ＂Business Tax to VAT＂ Reform on Real Estate Enterprise

This year is a crucial year of pushing forward the reform of supply side structural. Tax cuts is a simple, direct and effective measure. ＂Business Tax to VAT＂ reform suit the needs of the structural adjustment. It also has a positive effect on getting through the deduction of VAT chain, completely promote the market specialization, promote the organic integration of the second and third industry in our country. On Mayl, 2016, our country implemented ＂Business Tax to VAT＂ reform pilot, Including construction, finance, real estate and life services in the scope of the pilot. The policy implementation will inevitably bring different level tax burden influence to the enterprise. In this article, through analysis of the state council issued the ＂Business Tax to VAT＂ reform file, together with the present situation of China＇s economy, the real estate enterprises camp to increase after taxes influence and studied.

Research on Optimizing the Tax Business Environment - Taking Shunde Taxation Bureau's Innovation Reform as an Example

Since 2013,optimizing the business environment has become China's national strategy.In recent years,the Party and the government have continuously introduced a series of new measures such as the'"streamline administration,delegate power,strengthen regulation,and improve services55 reform to promote the continuous optimization of the business environment.As an important part of the business environment,the tax business environment is of great significance to improve the business environment and promote economic development.By analyzing the current situation of the tax business environment in China,this article discusses the existing problems in the process of optimizing tax business environment in China.Taking Shunde Taxation Bureau's innovative reform of tax business environment optimization as an example,this article introduces the practical innovation and promotion of optimizing tax business environment from four aspects:promoting convenience,digitalization,legalization,and intensive reform,in order to provide relevant experience for the optimization of tax business environment in other areas of China.

Business Combinations, Goodwill and Deferred Taxes： Evidences Emerging From a Comparative Analysis Between Italy and Bulgaria

The starting point for the research was the evidence of a possible contradiction in the provisions of IAS 12 on goodwill and deferred income taxes, i.e., about the need to calculate deferred income taxation on temporary differences relating to all assets except for goodwill. This paper aims at exploring the degree of consistency between the theoretical provisions of International Accounting Standards （IAS）/International Financial Reporting Standards （IFRS） and their actual application by the management of Italian and Bulgarian listed companies, as regards the accounting treatments of deferred income taxes relating to the item ＂goodwill＂. The findings suggest that there are some differences between the accounting methods used by the management of most Italian listed companies and the provisions of IAS/IFRS. It can be argued that the rules given by IAS/IFRS are sometimes contradictory, since they may cause doubts in interpretation. As a consequence, in the end of the paper, an amendment to the provisions, set forth in IAS/IFRS concerning the accounting treatment of deferred income taxes relating to the item ＂goodwill＂, is proposed.

The Impacts of Tax Procedures Reform on Business Environment in Vietnam： Achievements and Further Reforms

Tax procedures are factors that strongly affect the business environment. A simple and convenient tax procedures system will contribute to a good business environment by easing of tax returns preparation, reducing tax compliance costs, and preventing corruption. This paper examines the results and impacts of previous tax procedures reform on Vietnam＇s business environment, identifies challenges of tax procedures reform now and the coming years, and discusses areas where further reforms are needed to sustain tax revenue and reduce compliance costs including： （1） wansparent and comprehensive guidance to all tax laws and other legal tax documents; （2） widening the application of risk management in tax administration; （3） continuing simplification of tax procedures; and （4） development of IT in tax administration.

The Empirical Analysis on Cognitive Degree of the Restaurant Industry to ＂Replace the Business Tax with Value-added Tax＂

The restaurant is traditional industry of the third industry in our country. Since May 1 in this year, China＇s Restaurant Industry to implement ＂replace the business tax with value-added tax＂ policy and change to pay VAT. This paper analyzed the possible impact on restaurant industry after the＂ replace the business tax with value-added tax＂ based on the understanding of the tax theory of＂ replace the business tax with value-added tax＂ and the tax compliance in our country. At the same time, this paper used the statistical analysis of data on the investigation of 100 samples of the VAT cognitive degree on ＂replace the business tax with value-added tax＂, using principal component analysis method to analyze and evaluate factors on the awareness of the restaurant owner to ＂replace the business tax with value-added tax＂ tax policy. After multiple comparison made on the sample data, this paper summarized and analyzed the countermeasures of improving the pushing effect in restaurant industry ＂replace the business tax with VAT ＂.

Analysis on the Influence of "Replacement of Business Tax by Value-added Tax" on the Cost of Highway Projects

The"replacement of business tax by VAT reform"(hereby refer to as"VAT reform"for short)is a newly promulgated and implemented tax policy,and its impact on various industries in China is very different,and the highway project industry is no exception.The implementation of the"VAT reform"will not only have a positive impact on the cost of highway projects,but will also have some negative impacts.For this reason,highway project construction corporates must actively respond.The author explores and analyzes the positive and negative effects of the"VAT reform"on the cost of highway projects,and proposes a reform strategy for highway project cost work under the background of the"VAT reform",in hope of helping with bringing out the intrinsic value of highway project cost management work.

Spillover effects of VAT Self-enforcement properties:Evidence based on the replacement of business tax with VAT reform

In accordance with the purchasing tax-deduction method and the receiptbased value added tax(VAT)system,the same transaction can be recorded by two firms,which creates self-enforcement properties,thereby restraining tax avoidance.Using the Replacement of Business Tax with VAT reform in China,this paper adopts a difference-in-differences design to investigate the spillover effects of VAT self-enforcement properties on corporate income tax avoidance by manually collating information about suppliers/clients of listed firms.As the listed firms’suppliers/clients switch from paying business tax to paying VAT,there is a striking decline in their corporate income tax avoidance behavior.This effect is pronounced in firms with closer upstream and downstream correlations,higher information complexity and stronger incentives for tax avoidance.

Effects of China's BT-to-VAT Reform on Listed Companies' Turnover Tax Burden

Using the data of China's listed companies during 2010-2014 as samples, this paper employs the PSM and DID methods to respectively investigate the effects of BTto-VAT reform on the turnover tax burden for companies in pilot regions(Shanghai and eight other provinces and municipalities) and the rest of China. Our study arrived at the following findings: Compared with pilot sectors in non-pilot regions, BT-to-VAT reform has no significant effect on the turnover tax burden of pilot companies in pilot regions; compared with non-pilot companies, BT-to-VAT reform slightly increased the turnover tax burden in the short run and somewhat reduced the turnover tax burden for pilot companies in the long run. Further differentiation of ownership nature led to the discovery that BT-toVAT reform somewhat reduced the turnover tax burden of SOEs and central SOEs, slightly increased the turnover tax burden for non-SOEs and local SOEs in pilot regions, slightly increased the turnover tax burden in the short run and somewhat reduced the turnover tax burden in the long run after nationwide pilot programs were introduced; BT-to-VAT reform has more significant effects on non-SOEs and local SOEs. In general, BT-to-VAT reform has no significant effects on the turnover tax burden of companies and after differentiating pilot regions, pilot sectors and ownership nature, we did not discover any significant effect, which is generally consistent with policy expectations.

Value-Added Tax （VAT） on Selected Financial Transactions

This paper deals with the approach to imposing value-added tax （VAT） on financial transactions. The VAT is a highly harmonized consumption tax within the European Union （EU）. VAT operational rules have been set down by the relevant directive of the Council of the EU. Under the directive, it is possible to select either exemption or taxation of financial transactions. Only the first option is permitted in the Czech Republic. Pros and cons of both models are described, in particular, the problems with determining the difference between financial transactions and other similar performance that must always be subject to tax. Potential lower VAT revenue or tax base assessment, as appropriate, seems to be crucial in the case of the taxation of financial transactions.

Business Briefs

China＇s securities regulator, the China Securities Regulatory Commission （CSRC）, said on February 8 that it will continue to support energy-saving and environmentally friendly firms that are in conformity with the nation＇s industrial development policies to launch initial public offerings （IPOs） and grow through effective use of the capital market. The CSRC said that strategic emerging industries, including energy saving and environmental protection, are important aspects of structural reform. The CSRC has already introduced measures to broaden financing channels and lower financing costs, such as Shenzhen-Hong Kong Stock Connect. By the end of June 2016, a total of 70 energysaving and environmental protection firms were listed on the SME board of the Shenzhen Stock Exchange. while 59 were listed on ChiNext. China＇s NASDAQ-style board.

Business Briefs

Support for Insurance The 13hinese Government on August 13 unveiled measures to develop the insur- ance industry, vowing to raise premium incomes to 5 percent of GDP by 2020. The package issued by the State Council aims to let the insurance industry play a bigger role in the fledgling social security network. The second of its kind since 2006, the package could see citizens pay ing an average of 3,500 yuan （$565） per capita in premiums by 2020. Commer- cial insurance will become the primary undertaker of individual and household programs and an important supplier of corporate pensions and health insurance The insurance will be given a bigger role in the prevention and relief of disasters and accidents through introduction of catastrophe insurance products.

增值税减税能否提高制造业企业全要素生产率?--基于增值税税率下调事件的经验研究

深化税制改革是激发市场主体活力、加快制造业转型、实现经济高质量发展的重要路径。基于2016—2020年中国沪深A股上市公司数据,研究了2018年和2019年增值税税率下调对制造业企业全要素生产率的影响。研究发现,增值税减税提高了制造业企业的全要素生产率。异质性分析结果显示,对于市场竞争地位高、国有产权、处于成熟期以及高市场化地区的企业而言,增值税减税对全要素生产率的提升效应显著。渠道分析表明,研发投入、人力资本投入以及资本配置效率是增值税减税影响企业全要素生产率的主要渠道。因此,政府部门应继续深化增值税改革,缩小制造业与其他行业的税率差异,切实减轻制造业企业税收负担,同时应加大对民营、初创等弱势企业的财政扶持力度,全面提高各类企业的全要素生产率。

工程总承包模式下的税金计算研究

以我国工程总承包推进实践中工程计价中存在的税金计算难题为研究对象,探讨实践中存在的增值税认识偏差的根源。在引入增值税税负率、综合税负率的基础上,提出总承包模式下计算税金的思路:用税前含税工程造价作为增值税及工程造价税金的计算基数。采用典型案例、企业访谈分别测算工程费用、其他费用的增值税税负率及综合税负率,并据此确定基于综合税负率的工程总承包项目工程造价的计算程序。用简易计税的思路计算税金,简化工程总承包项目工程造价的确定,希望为工程总承包计价提供支撑。

留抵退税能成为企业深耕主业的源泉吗?

本文以财税[2018]70号文对特定行业的留抵退税规定为准自然实验,构建双重差分模型,深入挖掘留抵退税对制造业企业形成的政策冲击。研究发现:留抵退税显著增强了制造业企业的主业盈利能力。机制检验表明,留抵退税会增加企业现金流,降低外源融资成本,直接促使企业扩大生产规模,提高企业主业盈利能力。而短期内,实业投资和研发投入增大带来的成本负担会降低当期主业盈利能力。从长期来看,实业投资会提升企业主业盈利能力,研发投入的影响则不确定。此外,留抵退税对高留抵水平企业、非国有企业和中西部企业激励效果更为明显。本文为完善增值税留抵退税制度以及推进实体经济发展、制造强国建设提供了政策借鉴。

城市“亲清”政商关系与企业纳税遵从度

利用《中国城市政商关系排行榜》构建的“亲清”政商关系健康指数及其二级、三级构成指标,基于2017—2019年中国沪深A股上市公司的微观样本,实证考察城市“亲清”政商关系对企业纳税遵从度的影响。研究结果表明:健康的城市“亲清”政商关系有助于提高企业纳税遵从度,特别是对规模小、盈利水平低、治理水平低、成长性高的企业促进作用更大,在高城市等级地区中的提升相比也更高;“亲清”政商关系建设提升企业纳税遵从度的作用主要来自“亲近”方面,且主要体现在政府对企业的关心和公共服务上。鉴于此,各城市政府应充分重视“亲清”政商关系建设,着重于“亲近”指标的优化,持续增强对企业的关心并提升公共服务水平,营造市场化、公平化、便利化的营商环境,更好地提升企业纳税遵从度。

电子发票与涉税数据保护

随着“以票控税”向“以数治税”转型的时代来临,电子发票是财税数字化转型的关键内容,在税收征管中发挥着关键作用。但是,我国电子发票的配套制度不够完善,缺少涉税数据保护的具体规则。从概念界定、权力结构和责任与归责机制看,数据保护的一般性规则在电子发票涉税数据保护中具有局限性。电子发票的参与主体多样,适用环节逐步扩大。因此,在涉税数据传输过程中,应当平衡公共价值与私法权益保护,注重个人信息与商业秘密的保护。根据域外经验,在发展诸如区块链、云服务、智能合约等技术的同时,应当遵循技术中立原则:如欧盟在电子发票涉税数据保护中,遵循目的限制原则、比例原则和数据最小化原则;《瑞士增值税法》也规定了涉税数据保护规则。建议将涉税数据保护纳入立法考量,通过制定《中华人民共和国增值税法》及其实施条例和修订《中华人民共和国发票管理办法》及《中华人民共和国网络发票管理办法》来保障涉税数据安全。

“留抵退税”政策对制造业创新的影响研究——以A股制造业上市公司为例

增值税“留抵退税”政策是“减税降费”的重要手段之一,即将进项税额与销项税额的差额部分税款进行退还,进而影响企业的现金流,降低融资约束影响,有利于企业减轻资金压力。目前,有关增值税留抵退税对制造业的影响机制、作用等相关研究文献较少,针对创新影响方面的文献则更少。鉴于此,通过双重差分模型分析增值税留抵退税政策对制造业上市公司创新的影响。研究表明:增值税“留抵退税”政策对制造业上市公司创新呈正向促进作用。

税收营商环境优化能否提升城市创业活跃度?

良好的税收营商环境是充分激发城市创业活力、促进城市高质量发展的重要驱动力。本文基于2012—2021年286个地级市的数据,以税务系统“放管服”改革为准自然实验,采用渐进双重差分法对税收营商环境优化如何影响城市创业活跃度进行理论分析和实证检验。研究发现,税收营商环境优化显著提升了城市创业活跃度,该结论经过一系列稳健性检验后依然成立。机制分析表明,税收营商环境优化通过降低制度性交易成本与提升人才集聚水平进而提升了城市创业活跃度。异质性分析表明,税收营商环境优化对城市创业活跃度的提升效应在低行政等级城市、资源型城市、劳动密集型行业、服务业中更为突出。本文的研究有助于为进一步深化税务系统“放管服”改革以提升城市创业活跃度提供理论依据与政策启示。