Sherwood Anderson (1876-1941), most notable for the book Winesburg, Ohio, is a great American novelist and short-story writer. Winesburg, Ohio (1919) is a collection of 25 interrelated stories about the fictional inha...Sherwood Anderson (1876-1941), most notable for the book Winesburg, Ohio, is a great American novelist and short-story writer. Winesburg, Ohio (1919) is a collection of 25 interrelated stories about the fictional inhabitants of a small town Winesburg, Ohio. This paper tends to analyze how the coherence of the short-story collection is achieved from three perspectives: one threading character, several recurrent images, one consistent theme.展开更多
Background: The negative impacts of the exotic tree, Ailanthus altissima(tree-of-heaven, stink tree), is spreading throughout much of the Eastern United States. When forests are disturbed, it can invade and expand qui...Background: The negative impacts of the exotic tree, Ailanthus altissima(tree-of-heaven, stink tree), is spreading throughout much of the Eastern United States. When forests are disturbed, it can invade and expand quickly if seed sources are nearby.Methods: We conducted studies at the highly dissected Tar Hollow State Forest(THSF) in southeastern Ohio USA,where Ailanthus is widely distributed within the forest, harvests have been ongoing for decades, and prescribed fire had been applied to about a quarter of the study area. Our intention was to develop models to evaluate the relationship of Ailanthus presence to prescribed fire, harvesting activity, and other landscape characteristics, using this Ohio location as a case study. Field assessments of the demography of Ailanthus and other stand attributes(e.g., fire, harvesting, stand structure) were conducted on 267 sample plots on a 400-m grid throughout THSF,supplemented by identification of Ailanthus seed-sources via digital aerial sketch mapping during the dormant season. Statistical modeling tools Random Forest(RF), Classification and Regression Trees(CART), and Maxent were used to assess relationships among attributes, then model habitats suitable for Ailanthus presence.Results: In all, 41 variables were considered in the models, including variables related to management activities, soil characteristics, topography, and vegetation structure(derived from LiDAR). The most important predictor of Ailanthus presence was some measure of recent timber harvest, either mapped harvest history(CART) or LiDARderived canopy height(Maxent). Importantly, neither prescribed fire or soil variables appeared as important predictors of Ailanthus presence or absence in any of the models of the THSF.Conclusions: These modeling techniques provide tools and methodologies for assessing landscapes for Ailanthus invasion, as well as those areas with higher potentials for invasion should seed sources become available. Though a case study on an Ohio forest, these tools can be modified for use anywhere Ailanthus is invading.展开更多
Phosphorus (P) risk indices are commonly used in the USA to estimate the field-scale risk of agricultural P runoff. Because the Ohio P Risk Index is increasingly being used to judge farmer performance, it is important...Phosphorus (P) risk indices are commonly used in the USA to estimate the field-scale risk of agricultural P runoff. Because the Ohio P Risk Index is increasingly being used to judge farmer performance, it is important to evaluate weighting/scoring of all P Index parameters to ensure Ohio farmers are credited for practices that reduce P runoff risk and not unduly penalized for things not demonstrably related to runoff risk. A sensitivity analysis provides information as to how sensitive the P Index score is to changes in inputs. The objectives were to determine 1) which inputs are most highly associated with P Index scores and 2) the relative impact of each input variable on resultant P Index scores. The current approach uses simulations across 6134 Ohio point locations and five crop management scenarios (CMSs), representing increasing soil disturbance. The CMSs range from all no-till, which is being promoted in Ohio, rotational tillage, which is a common practice in Ohio to full tillage to represent an extreme practice. Results showed that P Index scores were best explained by soil test P (31.9%) followed by connectivity to water (29.7%), soil erosion (13.4%), fertilizer application amount (11.3%), runoff class (9.5%), fertilizer application method (2.2%), and finally filter strip (2.0%). Ohio P Index simulations across CMSs one through five showed that >40% scored <15 points (low) while <1.5% scored >45 points (very high). Given Ohio water quality problems, the Ohio P Index needs to be stricter. The current approach is useful for Ohio P Index evaluations and revision decisions by spatially illustrating the impact of potential changes regionally and state-wide.展开更多
In Winesburg, Ohio, Sherwood Anderson vividly presented a group of lonely people, deformed in spirit and depressed in life, and longing for love but lack of communication. Such ＂grotesques＂ became considerable image...In Winesburg, Ohio, Sherwood Anderson vividly presented a group of lonely people, deformed in spirit and depressed in life, and longing for love but lack of communication. Such ＂grotesques＂ became considerable images in the research of American literature history. Their life reveals the social role that women play and the change of the man-woman relationship in the United States when it was in its transition to industrialism at the beginning of the 20th century. From the perspective of feminism, this paper conducts a systematical analysis on the social life, social role and family role of the female ＂grotesques＂, and tentatively talks about man-woman relationship.展开更多
Winesburg Ohio , by Sherwood Anderson, depicts a group of people living in a transitional period where the human society was undergoing a sudden change from an agrarian society into a modern industrial one. This artic...Winesburg Ohio , by Sherwood Anderson, depicts a group of people living in a transitional period where the human society was undergoing a sudden change from an agrarian society into a modern industrial one. This article will interpret Anderson's call from the aspect of"Goddess Revival".展开更多
Sherwood Anderson's masterpiece Winesburg, Ohio is often considered to be the first real modern American novel."Hands"and"Adventure"are two representative stories of this novel. In this article...Sherwood Anderson's masterpiece Winesburg, Ohio is often considered to be the first real modern American novel."Hands"and"Adventure"are two representative stories of this novel. In this article, the author tries to do a brief analysis on the protagonists of the two stories by using the tripartite personality structure theory of Freud, aiming to get a deeper interpretation and the profound connotation of the stories.展开更多
The Cambrian Mt. Simon Sandstone (MSS) is a possible unconventional gas reservoir in the Illinois, Michigan, and Appalachian Basins, but comparatively little is known about the unit. This study used core and well logs...The Cambrian Mt. Simon Sandstone (MSS) is a possible unconventional gas reservoir in the Illinois, Michigan, and Appalachian Basins, but comparatively little is known about the unit. This study used core and well logs from two deep exploratory wells to interpret the depositional environment of the MSS under western Ohio, where the MSS is about 120 m thick and found 1060 m below ground surface. In western Ohio, the MSS unconformably overlies the Precambrian Middle Run Formation, is conformably overlain by the Cambrian Eau Claire Formation, and has a distinctive gamma-ray log-signature. In well DGS-2627, the MSS consists of tan, friable, moderately sorted, rounded, coarse- to very coarse-grained siliceous quartz arenite with minor heterolithic sandstone-mudstone couplets (rhythmites) and quartz granule conglomerate. Features indicative of tidally-influenced, shallow marine settings include tidal rhythmites, lenticular-, flaser-, and wavy-bedding, herringbone cross-bedding, mud-drapes, tidal bundles, reactivation surfaces, intraclasts, and bioturbation. The unit generally coarsens- and thickens-upward, and is interpreted as migration of a tidally-influenced transgressive barrier sequence. A subsurface facies model for the MSS is developed by interpreting geophysical logs and cores from DGS-2627l, and this model is semi-quantitatively tested by first interpreting well BP-4 using geophysical logs alone, then confirming the results using core.展开更多
Invasive species are plants, animals, or pathogens that are non-native (or alien) to the ecosystem under consideration and whose introduction causes or is likely to cause harm. Invasive species can harm both the natur...Invasive species are plants, animals, or pathogens that are non-native (or alien) to the ecosystem under consideration and whose introduction causes or is likely to cause harm. Invasive species can harm both the natural resources in an ecosystem as well as threaten human use of these resources. Walhalla is an urban wooded ravine area (10 acre area) in the middle of Columbus, Ohio. Many residents are actually actively planting new invasive species in a misguided attempt to prevent erosion on their property. Other properties are suffering from not-so-benign neglect, as the existing trees are slowly succumbing to insect infestation and rot (because of moisture trapped by ivy, etc.) and no new saplings are emerging to replace them (because of the thick ground cover). In both of these instances, it’s proving to be difficult to convince the landowners that they’re causing more harm than good—the local soil & water conservation people are all too eager to reinforce the notion that the ground must be covered with a blanket of impenetrable invasive species in order to prevent erosion. The objectives of this study were to collect and identify the invasive species in Walhalla area in order to educate the residents about these species and its impact on their properties and gardens;moreover, using the findings of this project to develop a plan to remove these dangerous species. This survey has documented 18 invasive species in 18 families. Two notable invasive species were found in this area, Alliaria petiolata (M. Bieb.) Cavara & Grande and Hedera helix L. (English Ivy). The found invasive species have an abundant growth in the studied area. The studied area has had no previous botanical collecting. Therefore, the area was in an urgent need to be inventoried and analyzed in order to identify and document its invasive species. Moreover, these identified species will be used for educational purposes for the residents of this area and well rounded plan is developed to remove these harmful species. This inventory represents a model for the other residential and agricultural areas in the state to follow, which will help overcome the negative impact and damage caused by the invasive species in these areas.展开更多
This study is primarily focused on Cleveland-Akron-Lorain nonattainment area in northeastern Ohio. The base year 2002 considered in this study witnessed one of the worst cases of ozone pollution in this region with oz...This study is primarily focused on Cleveland-Akron-Lorain nonattainment area in northeastern Ohio. The base year 2002 considered in this study witnessed one of the worst cases of ozone pollution in this region with ozone values exceeding previous 8-hour ozone standards of 84 ppb. The photochemical modeling system CAMx was applied to compute relative reduction factors, which were used subsequently to scale the base year (2002) values at the ozone monitoring sites to estimate the ozone design values for the year 2009 in Cleveland area for different emissions reduction scenarios. The results disclose that the largest change in the 2009 ozone design values consequent to applying auxiliary emission control strategies is between 1 and 1.5 ppb, which still left certain counties in northeastern Ohio unable to demonstrate attainment. The results are important in the development of emission control strategies in today’s context with instillation of even more stringent ozone standards and potential future increases in ozone concentrations due to climate change.展开更多
With consummate writing techniques and distinct insights in Winesburg,Ohio,Sherwood Anderson meticulously portraysthe grotesque who are in the key period of the historic turning from agricultural society to industrial...With consummate writing techniques and distinct insights in Winesburg,Ohio,Sherwood Anderson meticulously portraysthe grotesque who are in the key period of the historic turning from agricultural society to industrial economy.Some grotesques arevividly portrayed from their hands to present the contradiction between their physical activities and their thirst for love and under-standing.The sincerity beneath the appearance of their hands is explored by analyzing the contradictory behavior of several gro-tesques.展开更多
Winesburg,Ohio depicts a group of grotesques who are weird and cannot be understood by common people in the small town during the industrial period.This paper takes three women for example,analyses the reasons for the...Winesburg,Ohio depicts a group of grotesques who are weird and cannot be understood by common people in the small town during the industrial period.This paper takes three women for example,analyses the reasons for the loneliness of women.展开更多
从理念与培养目标、课程设置、师资队伍建设和学生实践经验培养等角度,对在全世界享有盛名的美国俄亥俄州立大学(Ohio State University,OSU)体育教育专业进行了剖析。研究认为,该校体育教育专业确立了学术、文化敏感性、体验、人格、...从理念与培养目标、课程设置、师资队伍建设和学生实践经验培养等角度,对在全世界享有盛名的美国俄亥俄州立大学(Ohio State University,OSU)体育教育专业进行了剖析。研究认为,该校体育教育专业确立了学术、文化敏感性、体验、人格、社会效益和社会重构的培养理念,致力于为培养全球体育教育专业人才;课程设置强调通识课程的学习,着重提升学生的基本文化素养;重视体育教育类课程的学习,旨在夯实学生的体育教育专业基础;整体师资队伍一流,有利于为培养高水平的未来体育教师;强调多元文化融合,具有适应性体育教育的特色;通过建立"Learning to Teaching Physical Education"(学会教体育)项目,重视学生对学科内容知识(Content Knowledge)的学习,强调对体育课程模式的实践运用,以培养学生的实践经验。该校体育教育专业的改革与发展,对于我国体育教育专业的建设有着很好的启示作用。展开更多
文摘Sherwood Anderson (1876-1941), most notable for the book Winesburg, Ohio, is a great American novelist and short-story writer. Winesburg, Ohio (1919) is a collection of 25 interrelated stories about the fictional inhabitants of a small town Winesburg, Ohio. This paper tends to analyze how the coherence of the short-story collection is achieved from three perspectives: one threading character, several recurrent images, one consistent theme.
基金Funding was provided by the Joint Fire Science Program(US)(for field assistance)primarily the Northern Research Station of the USDA Forest Service(for author salaries)
文摘Background: The negative impacts of the exotic tree, Ailanthus altissima(tree-of-heaven, stink tree), is spreading throughout much of the Eastern United States. When forests are disturbed, it can invade and expand quickly if seed sources are nearby.Methods: We conducted studies at the highly dissected Tar Hollow State Forest(THSF) in southeastern Ohio USA,where Ailanthus is widely distributed within the forest, harvests have been ongoing for decades, and prescribed fire had been applied to about a quarter of the study area. Our intention was to develop models to evaluate the relationship of Ailanthus presence to prescribed fire, harvesting activity, and other landscape characteristics, using this Ohio location as a case study. Field assessments of the demography of Ailanthus and other stand attributes(e.g., fire, harvesting, stand structure) were conducted on 267 sample plots on a 400-m grid throughout THSF,supplemented by identification of Ailanthus seed-sources via digital aerial sketch mapping during the dormant season. Statistical modeling tools Random Forest(RF), Classification and Regression Trees(CART), and Maxent were used to assess relationships among attributes, then model habitats suitable for Ailanthus presence.Results: In all, 41 variables were considered in the models, including variables related to management activities, soil characteristics, topography, and vegetation structure(derived from LiDAR). The most important predictor of Ailanthus presence was some measure of recent timber harvest, either mapped harvest history(CART) or LiDARderived canopy height(Maxent). Importantly, neither prescribed fire or soil variables appeared as important predictors of Ailanthus presence or absence in any of the models of the THSF.Conclusions: These modeling techniques provide tools and methodologies for assessing landscapes for Ailanthus invasion, as well as those areas with higher potentials for invasion should seed sources become available. Though a case study on an Ohio forest, these tools can be modified for use anywhere Ailanthus is invading.
文摘Phosphorus (P) risk indices are commonly used in the USA to estimate the field-scale risk of agricultural P runoff. Because the Ohio P Risk Index is increasingly being used to judge farmer performance, it is important to evaluate weighting/scoring of all P Index parameters to ensure Ohio farmers are credited for practices that reduce P runoff risk and not unduly penalized for things not demonstrably related to runoff risk. A sensitivity analysis provides information as to how sensitive the P Index score is to changes in inputs. The objectives were to determine 1) which inputs are most highly associated with P Index scores and 2) the relative impact of each input variable on resultant P Index scores. The current approach uses simulations across 6134 Ohio point locations and five crop management scenarios (CMSs), representing increasing soil disturbance. The CMSs range from all no-till, which is being promoted in Ohio, rotational tillage, which is a common practice in Ohio to full tillage to represent an extreme practice. Results showed that P Index scores were best explained by soil test P (31.9%) followed by connectivity to water (29.7%), soil erosion (13.4%), fertilizer application amount (11.3%), runoff class (9.5%), fertilizer application method (2.2%), and finally filter strip (2.0%). Ohio P Index simulations across CMSs one through five showed that >40% scored <15 points (low) while <1.5% scored >45 points (very high). Given Ohio water quality problems, the Ohio P Index needs to be stricter. The current approach is useful for Ohio P Index evaluations and revision decisions by spatially illustrating the impact of potential changes regionally and state-wide.
文摘In Winesburg, Ohio, Sherwood Anderson vividly presented a group of lonely people, deformed in spirit and depressed in life, and longing for love but lack of communication. Such ＂grotesques＂ became considerable images in the research of American literature history. Their life reveals the social role that women play and the change of the man-woman relationship in the United States when it was in its transition to industrialism at the beginning of the 20th century. From the perspective of feminism, this paper conducts a systematical analysis on the social life, social role and family role of the female ＂grotesques＂, and tentatively talks about man-woman relationship.
文摘Winesburg Ohio , by Sherwood Anderson, depicts a group of people living in a transitional period where the human society was undergoing a sudden change from an agrarian society into a modern industrial one. This article will interpret Anderson's call from the aspect of"Goddess Revival".
文摘Sherwood Anderson's masterpiece Winesburg, Ohio is often considered to be the first real modern American novel."Hands"and"Adventure"are two representative stories of this novel. In this article, the author tries to do a brief analysis on the protagonists of the two stories by using the tripartite personality structure theory of Freud, aiming to get a deeper interpretation and the profound connotation of the stories.
文摘The Cambrian Mt. Simon Sandstone (MSS) is a possible unconventional gas reservoir in the Illinois, Michigan, and Appalachian Basins, but comparatively little is known about the unit. This study used core and well logs from two deep exploratory wells to interpret the depositional environment of the MSS under western Ohio, where the MSS is about 120 m thick and found 1060 m below ground surface. In western Ohio, the MSS unconformably overlies the Precambrian Middle Run Formation, is conformably overlain by the Cambrian Eau Claire Formation, and has a distinctive gamma-ray log-signature. In well DGS-2627, the MSS consists of tan, friable, moderately sorted, rounded, coarse- to very coarse-grained siliceous quartz arenite with minor heterolithic sandstone-mudstone couplets (rhythmites) and quartz granule conglomerate. Features indicative of tidally-influenced, shallow marine settings include tidal rhythmites, lenticular-, flaser-, and wavy-bedding, herringbone cross-bedding, mud-drapes, tidal bundles, reactivation surfaces, intraclasts, and bioturbation. The unit generally coarsens- and thickens-upward, and is interpreted as migration of a tidally-influenced transgressive barrier sequence. A subsurface facies model for the MSS is developed by interpreting geophysical logs and cores from DGS-2627l, and this model is semi-quantitatively tested by first interpreting well BP-4 using geophysical logs alone, then confirming the results using core.
文摘Invasive species are plants, animals, or pathogens that are non-native (or alien) to the ecosystem under consideration and whose introduction causes or is likely to cause harm. Invasive species can harm both the natural resources in an ecosystem as well as threaten human use of these resources. Walhalla is an urban wooded ravine area (10 acre area) in the middle of Columbus, Ohio. Many residents are actually actively planting new invasive species in a misguided attempt to prevent erosion on their property. Other properties are suffering from not-so-benign neglect, as the existing trees are slowly succumbing to insect infestation and rot (because of moisture trapped by ivy, etc.) and no new saplings are emerging to replace them (because of the thick ground cover). In both of these instances, it’s proving to be difficult to convince the landowners that they’re causing more harm than good—the local soil & water conservation people are all too eager to reinforce the notion that the ground must be covered with a blanket of impenetrable invasive species in order to prevent erosion. The objectives of this study were to collect and identify the invasive species in Walhalla area in order to educate the residents about these species and its impact on their properties and gardens;moreover, using the findings of this project to develop a plan to remove these dangerous species. This survey has documented 18 invasive species in 18 families. Two notable invasive species were found in this area, Alliaria petiolata (M. Bieb.) Cavara & Grande and Hedera helix L. (English Ivy). The found invasive species have an abundant growth in the studied area. The studied area has had no previous botanical collecting. Therefore, the area was in an urgent need to be inventoried and analyzed in order to identify and document its invasive species. Moreover, these identified species will be used for educational purposes for the residents of this area and well rounded plan is developed to remove these harmful species. This inventory represents a model for the other residential and agricultural areas in the state to follow, which will help overcome the negative impact and damage caused by the invasive species in these areas.
文摘This study is primarily focused on Cleveland-Akron-Lorain nonattainment area in northeastern Ohio. The base year 2002 considered in this study witnessed one of the worst cases of ozone pollution in this region with ozone values exceeding previous 8-hour ozone standards of 84 ppb. The photochemical modeling system CAMx was applied to compute relative reduction factors, which were used subsequently to scale the base year (2002) values at the ozone monitoring sites to estimate the ozone design values for the year 2009 in Cleveland area for different emissions reduction scenarios. The results disclose that the largest change in the 2009 ozone design values consequent to applying auxiliary emission control strategies is between 1 and 1.5 ppb, which still left certain counties in northeastern Ohio unable to demonstrate attainment. The results are important in the development of emission control strategies in today’s context with instillation of even more stringent ozone standards and potential future increases in ozone concentrations due to climate change.
文摘With consummate writing techniques and distinct insights in Winesburg,Ohio,Sherwood Anderson meticulously portraysthe grotesque who are in the key period of the historic turning from agricultural society to industrial economy.Some grotesques arevividly portrayed from their hands to present the contradiction between their physical activities and their thirst for love and under-standing.The sincerity beneath the appearance of their hands is explored by analyzing the contradictory behavior of several gro-tesques.
文摘Winesburg,Ohio depicts a group of grotesques who are weird and cannot be understood by common people in the small town during the industrial period.This paper takes three women for example,analyses the reasons for the loneliness of women.
文摘从理念与培养目标、课程设置、师资队伍建设和学生实践经验培养等角度,对在全世界享有盛名的美国俄亥俄州立大学(Ohio State University,OSU)体育教育专业进行了剖析。研究认为,该校体育教育专业确立了学术、文化敏感性、体验、人格、社会效益和社会重构的培养理念,致力于为培养全球体育教育专业人才;课程设置强调通识课程的学习,着重提升学生的基本文化素养;重视体育教育类课程的学习,旨在夯实学生的体育教育专业基础;整体师资队伍一流,有利于为培养高水平的未来体育教师;强调多元文化融合,具有适应性体育教育的特色;通过建立"Learning to Teaching Physical Education"(学会教体育)项目,重视学生对学科内容知识(Content Knowledge)的学习,强调对体育课程模式的实践运用,以培养学生的实践经验。该校体育教育专业的改革与发展,对于我国体育教育专业的建设有着很好的启示作用。
