Image Mathematics—Mathematical Intervening Principle Based on “Yin Yang Wu Xing” Theory in Traditional Chinese Mathematics (I)

By using mathematical reasoning, this paper demonstrates the mathematical intervening principle: “Virtual disease is to fill his mother but real disease is to rush down his son” (虚则补其母, 实则泄其子) and “Strong inhibition of the same time, support the weak” (抑强扶弱) based on “Yin Yang Wu Xing” Theory in image mathematics of Traditional Chinese Mathematics (TCMath). We defined generalized relations and generalized reasoning, introduced the concept of steady multilateral systems with two non-compatibility relations, and discussed its energy properties. Later based on the intervention principle in image mathematics of TCMath and treated the research object of the image mathematics as a steady multilateral system, it has been proved that the mathematical intervening principle is true. The kernel of this paper is the existence and reasoning of the non-compatibility relations in steady multilateral systems, and it accords with the oriental thinking model.

Mathematical Reasoning of Treatment Principle Based on “Yin Yang Wu Xing” Theory in Traditional Chinese Medicine

By using mathematical reasoning, this paper demonstrates the treatment principle: “Virtual disease is to fill his mother but real disease is to rush down his son” and “Strong inhibition of the same time, support the weak” based on “Yin Yang Wu Xing” Theory in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM). We defined two kinds of opposite relations and one kind of equivalence relation, introduced the concept of steady multilateral systems with two non-compatibility relations, and discussed its energy properties. Later based on the treatment of TCM and treated the healthy body as a steady multilateral system, it has been proved that the treatment principle is true. The kernel of this paper is the existence and reasoning of the non-compatibility relations in steady multilateral systems, and it accords with the oriental thinking model.

Mathematical Reasoning of Treatment Principle Based on “Yin Yang Wu Xing” Theory in Traditional Chinese Medicine (II)

By using mathematical reasoning, this paper demonstrates the treatment principle: “Do not treat a disease after it has occurred. But treat the disease before it will occur” (不治已病治未病) based on “Yin Yang Wu Xing” Theory in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM). We defined generalized relations and reasoning, introduced the concept of generalized steady multilateral systems, and discussed its energy properties. Later based on the treatment of TCM and treated the healthy body as a steady multilateral system, it has been proved that the treatment principle above is true. The kernel of this paper is the existence and reasoning of the non-compatibility relations in steady multilateral systems, and it accords with the oriental thinking model.

Acupuncture Treating Dystrophy Based on pH <br/>—Mathematical Reasoning of Treatment Principle Based on Yin Yang Wu Xing Theory in Traditional Chinese Medicine (III)

Theory of both Zangxiang (藏象) and Jingluo (经络) is useful in understanding disease. By using mathematical reasoning based on Yin Yang Wu Xing Theory in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), this paper demonstrates the treatment principle: “Searching for a root cause of disease in cure, treatment of both the root-cause and symptoms at the same time” (治病求本, 标本兼治). It means that for a human body, there is the mathematical structure of both Zangxiang and Jingluo as her/his second physiological system. It can be used to determine both the root-cause and symptoms of the sick organ by using both Zangxiang and Jingluo. In general, for the human blood pH value, the normal range of theory is [7.34539, 7.45461] nearly to [7.35, 7.45], and the center is 7.4. The first or second transfer law of a human body’s energies changes according to the different blood pH values whether in the normal range or not. Human disease treatment should protect and maintain the balance of two incompatibility relations: the loving relationship and the killing relationship. As an application, acupuncture is used to treat limb-girdle muscular dystrophy.

Acupuncture Treating Heart Disease Based on Eight Palaces or Eight Veins <br/>—Mathematical Reasoning of Treatment Principle Based on Yin Yang Wu Xing Theory in Traditional Chinese Medicine (IV)

Theory of eight palaces (八宫) or eight veins (八脉) is useful in understanding the basic sick subsystems that may be to fall ills as the root-cause. By using mathematical reasoning based on Yin Yang Wu Xing Theory in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), this paper demonstrates the treatment principle: “Even if all changed, it is hard to change one’s nature” (江山易改, 本性难移). The eight palaces or eight veins can be used to diagnose basic sick subsystems that may be to fall ills as the root-cause. The first or second transfer law of human body energies of the eight palaces or eight veins according to the different blood pH values of a human body whether in the normal range or not, respectively, assuming that the range of blood pH value is divided into four parts from small to large. Both second and third are for a healthy human body. Both the root-cause and symptoms come from the first transfer law of human body energies. And both first and fourth are for an unhealthy human body. Both the root-cause and symptoms come from the second transfer law of human body energies. A disease treatment should protect and maintain the balance of two incompatibility relations: the loving relationship and the killing relationship. As an application, acupuncture is used to treat atrial premature beats as a congenital heart disease.

Debating the Xing (性): In the Light of Xing Zi Ming Chu and Xunzi

Xing性is an important topic of ancient Chinese philosophy.The discovery of unearthed documents has deepened our understanding of xing.Xing Zi Ming Chu性自命出is probably the Guodian manuscript that has generated the most interest among scholars.This article takes Xing Zi Ming Chu and Xunzi as investigations to explore the significance of xing in the Warring States Period in China.This article believes that the xing in Xing Zi Ming Chu only refers to natural properties,and it is not as specific as Mencius and Xunzi to indicate whether it is good or bad.The article will first review the background of Guodian manuscript,introduce the basic situation of Confucian documents in Guodian manuscripts.This article will also introduce the meaning of xing in Xing Zi Ming Chu and Xunzi,which is of great value for us to understand the meaning of xing in the Warring States Period.

Acupuncture Treating Heart Diseases Based on Sixty JiaZi and Eight Palaces <br/>—Mathematical Reasoning of Treatment Principle Based on Yin Yang Wu Xing Theory in Traditional Chinese Medicine (V)

Theory of Sixty JiaZi (60 甲子) is useful in understanding a human body disease. By using mathematical reasoning based on Yin Yang Wu Xing Theory in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), this paper demonstrates the treatment principle: “seize the momentum of development, hasten lucky avoids disaster” (顺势而为, 趋吉避凶). Sixty JiaZi is hidden behind eight palaces. The first or second transfer law of human body energies of Sixty JiaZi changes according to the different blood pH values of a human body whether in the normal range or not, respectively, assuming that the range of blood pH values of a human body is divided into four parts from small to large. Both second and third are for a healthy human body. Both the root-cause and symptoms come from the first transfer law of human body energies. And both first and fourth are for an unhealthy human body. Both the root-cause and symptoms come from the second transfer law of human body energies. The treating disease of a human body should protect and maintain the balance of two incompatibility relations: the loving relationship and the killing relationship. As an application, acupuncture is used to treat atrial premature beats as congenital heart disease.

The Dissemination and Influence of the Three-Region Theory in Seventeenth- and Eighteenth-Century China

The three-region theory,which divided the air into warm,cold,and hot strata from bottom to top,was the paramount theory for explaining meteorological phenomena in medieval Europe.Such missionaries as Matteo Ricci,Francisco Furtado and Alfonso Vagnone introduced it into China during the seventeenth century,where it had a significant influence on Chinese meteorological knowledge.Chinese scholars endeavored to understand and assimilate this theory based on the traditional yuanqi元氣(original substance or primal vitality)theory or yinyang陰陽(negative and positive principles)theory,so as to either broaden the range of the three regions,or to indicate that there were no definite boundaries to them.In this context,Jie Xuan揭暄drew a meteorological illustration entitled Rihuo xiajiang yangqi shangsheng tu日火下降暘氣上升圖(Illustration of the descent of the sun’s warmth and the ascent of warmed air),which epitomized how Sino-Western scientific encounters inspired new ideas.

性命之辨:儒家思想中的道德运气问题

性命之辨是中国哲学中的一个重要议题,不仅具有浓郁的道德意蕴,而且与现代道德运气问题内在相通。儒家虽然承认命运对人生具有重要的影响甚至是决定作用,但是将其限制在如贫富、寿夭等向外追求的领域,而坚决否认运气对于道德品性的决定作用。从德性生成的角度来说,所有人都具有仁心善性,因此并不存在所谓生成运气的问题;从德性养成的角度来说,虽然德性养成的过程中会遭遇原因运气、环境运气、结果运气,但是儒家认为这些运气因素都是外在于内在德性的,它们只会影响人们的行为,不能影响更不能决定人们内在的道德品性。因此,儒家在道德运气问题上实际上与西方伦理走上了一条不同的道路。

论公安派之“真”的四个层面

在公安派的诗文理论中,“真”是一个非常重要的概念。前人对于“真”这一概念虽颇有研究,但对于“真”的意义层面划分仍不够细致。通过对相关文献的梳理,将公安派之“真”区分为人格、情感、文体、表达四个层面,并由此探讨“性灵”与“真”之间的关系问题,认为“性灵”和“真”其实是“体”和“用”的关系。以“真”为核心来建立公安派的文学体系,一方面颠倒了二者之间的因果位置,另一方面在某种程度上淡化了其他审美风格在公安派文学中的地位和价值。公安派对于“真”的追求,树立了独立自主的人格类型,实现了个人情感的自由书写,促进了晚明非正式文体的勃兴,也代表了晚明“重一己而轻外物”的时代文化精神。

论明清文论中的字诀批评

字诀批评是明清文论中比较常见却又少有专论的批评现象。字诀批评源起于道佛教义,同时又广泛流布于古代书画批评等诸多领域。明清文论中的字诀批评主要从文学涵养、体性风貌与创作技法等方面凝练并发展了传统文论思想。作为一种独具特色的特殊批评形式,明清文论中的字诀批评有着重要的理论价值、传播价值与认识价值,值得深入探究。

中晚明诸名家文学创作工夫论概述

中晚明文学工夫论或承于传统的文学艺术工夫论,或根于朱熹格物致知之工夫论,或鉴于王学致良知的工夫论,或源于禅宗明心见性的工夫论,或合孟子的“知言”“养气”工夫为一体。如李东阳、王世贞、胡应麟、许学夷等人的文体工夫论重视学养、强调对文体规范、篇章字句之法的掌握;唐顺之、李贽、袁宏道等人的文学创作主体工夫论指向心性的修炼、知识的效用,主体精神的大解脱;王阳明倡导在心性本体上下工夫,至刘宗周、黄宗羲等则主张以工夫作为“存养”身心锻炼的本体。这亦势必影响其文学创作观念。充分认识中晚明诸名家文学创作工夫论的价值,对重新建构与阐释明代文学批评体系具有重要的理论意义。

《沧浪诗话》诗歌体制论的误读与辩正

“体制”是严羽诗论的核心概念,但因习焉不察的割裂与混淆,其确切内涵与本来面目未能完整呈现,也妨碍了对严羽诗论体系及诗学思想的整体理解。藉由文本精析与逻辑归纳相结合,可知《沧浪诗话》中“体制”概念指向诗歌作品完整而具体的本体存在,这一基本内涵不因其《诗体》中辨体角度不同而互异。诗之“体制”不仅包含“词理意兴”等基本要素,且以“格力”“兴趣”“气象”“音节”等为之“用”,以更充分表现诗体的内在品质和艺术力量。其中“格力”以诗意为本,是诗中整体思想情感所表现的精神力量;“兴趣”以诗情为本,是诗体所表达的自然感发、含蓄蕴藉的情致和意趣;“气象”以诗象为本,是诗体所呈现的自然雄浑的整体艺术形象;“音节”以诗语为本,是诗体中充分韵律化、表意化的艺术语言。着眼于贯通式诗歌体制观,可对《沧浪诗话》的概念关系和整体结构获得更切近实际、更切合语境的理解。

俄罗斯对中国古典戏曲理论的翻译和研究

相较于中国古典戏曲在俄罗斯的翻译和研究,中国古典戏曲理论在俄罗斯的翻译更少,但俄罗斯汉学家对中国古典戏曲理论的研究成果十分丰富,既有数量可观的单篇论文,也有专论元杂剧特点、明杂剧历史的专著,甚至出现了专论戏曲演出的著作,所论内容涉及中国古典戏曲的起源与发展、创作与批评、角色与演出等方面。俄罗斯汉学界对中国古典戏曲史的关注始于20世纪初,研究持续时间最长;对戏曲创作和批评理论的研究较晚,大概是从20世纪五六十年代受到国内《中国古典戏曲论著集成》出版的影响开始的;关于角色和演出的论述不多,但也有少数汉学家长期深耕,取得了丰硕的研究成果。

陈湛心学的流变与明清哲学的转折——兼论中国早期启蒙思潮的滥觞

陈湛心学的流变并非如《明儒学案》所示合流于阳明心学一种去向。陈湛心学与阳明、程朱、关中、东林、蕺山、南园等学派紧密互联,呈现出流变的多向性。而其趋向,则是走向以朴素唯物主义为体、以自然人性论和实学为两翼的早期启蒙思潮。陈湛心学是中国早期启蒙思潮的主力军之一,其流变的态势与明清哲学的转折高度耦合,早期启蒙思潮兴起的线索由此清晰可见。

国医大师王晞星基于阴火理论辨治癌性发热经验

癌性发热是恶性肿瘤在发病过程中出现的与肿瘤直接相关或因肿瘤治疗而引起的非感染性发热。国医大师王晞星教授从“阴火理论”出发,认为脾胃气虚、阴火上冲为癌性发热之关键病机,病变脏腑涉及肝、脾、肾三脏,当以甘温益气、健脾升阳、清泻阴火为首要治则;同时应重视“土木关系”,通过养血解郁、疏肝散火之法以调和肝脾;并通过滋阴清热、引火归元之法阻断阴火的传变。王晞星教授根据多年临床经验,在补中益气汤基础上化裁创制补中调肝汤(药物组成包括黄芪、党参、白术、升麻、柴胡、当归、白芍、麦冬、五味子、陈皮、蜈蚣、石见穿、八月札、炙甘草等),通过益中气、补肝血、调肝气、消癥散结,以调和人体寒热阴阳,可有效改善肿瘤患者癌性发热症状。

论郭店简《性自命出》与上博简《孔子诗论》的诗学关联

郭店简《性自命出》的一个突出特点是对“情”的关注,充分肯定情感的正面价值和积极意义,同时强调用诗、礼、乐陶冶性情、培养德行,从而使道德在人的内心扎根。从上博简《孔子诗论》的内容来看,简文论《诗》具有强烈的主“情”或重“情”色彩,它在充分肯定真性情价值的同时,也主张用礼义来合理地规范、引导、约束情感。从两篇文献对于性情观念的阐发及情与礼关系的揭示可以看出,它们之间存在着紧密的诗学关联。以《性自命出》为代表的早期儒家的性情学说与礼乐教化思想是《孔子诗论》评《诗》论《诗》的思想来源,《孔子诗论》将早期儒家的性情哲学与礼乐教化思想绵密无间地融入了《诗经》的阐释中,呈现出尚情性、重礼义的双重特征。

以名表实而成知识——儒家知识论的一种合理研究进路

中西交通以来,正如中国有无哲学,中国有无知识论亦成为一大问题,其中的症结在于如何理解“知识”概念。若我们暂时悬置目前流行的“反向格义”的诸做法,秉持一种“以名表实而成知识”的“正向格义”思路,或许会打开一个新的视野。在名学即中国知识论的理解架构中,对儒家之“名”三重内涵的深入考察直接关涉儒家知识论的诸多议题。首先,名分义涉及儒家知识的来源,名分作为超越的原则包含了一切儒家的真知识和真观念;其次,名分义可以构成一种名分知识,而先秦儒家对名分知识何以可能以及如何推论等问题均已有所思考和回应;最后,以名分知识为内核的道德知识与非道德知识的关系关乎儒家的现代化,而在这方面,对涉及儒家知识获取方式的名言义和名声义的审查有利于厘清其中的问题。总之,通过“名”的观念重新疏通儒家的知识论,不失为一条可行而合理的研究路径。

论萧萐父与沟口雄三明清之际思潮研究之异同

萧萐父与沟口雄三皆把明清之际的学术思潮视为中国通往近代的肇端,标举中国近代的原生性、独特性以及连续性。萧萐父以“人”为线索,强调启蒙精神在明清思潮中的显发,他提出人文易、诗化哲学、伦理异化等理论,以中国式的人文启蒙作为历史接合点,旨在以人的现代化促进社会的现代化,实现传统文化的创造性转化。沟口雄三则以“理”为核心,通过阐述天理观以及民间宗族势力的衍变,揭橥从明末清初“乡治”到辛亥革命“省治”的近代化道路,希图发掘亚洲固有的思想传统,重建亚洲的近代概念。在比较两人致思理路与思想旨归的基础上,通过“文化寻根”在明清之际的启蒙思潮中探寻传统文化迈向现代化的活水源头,有裨于确立本民族文化特有的历史进路,彰显中华文化的主体性与自觉性。

论明末竟陵派诗风中的“贾岛现象”

中唐诗人贾岛、姚合是著名的“苦吟”诗人,他们在创作中对铸字炼句的刻意求工以及对幽僻诗境的醉心独好引得后世众多文人、尤其是封建王朝末世境遇坎坷的文人在生活态度和艺术追求上的认同和共鸣,此种“贾岛现象”在明末竟陵派诗人中也具有突出的体现,以钟惺、谭元春为代表的竟陵派诗人尚“清”崇“静”,追求孤寂的诗境,具有典型的贾、姚特征,这既打上了明末社会的时代烙印,也与钟惺、谭元春等人的创作探索和审美追求密切相关。