The Essential Role of Zheng Qi in Promoting Health: From the Perspective of Chinese Medicine and Modern Medicine

The concept of Zheng Qi in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) refers to the vital energy produced by the interaction of Yin and Yang forces in the body. Zheng Qi performs two main functions: Wei Qi (defensive Qi), which shields the body from external pathogens, and Ying Qi (nutritive Qi), which sustains the internal organs and enhances their functionality. In TCM, Chinese tonifying herbs can help restore the balance of Yin/Yang and Qi/Blood function in visceral organs (i.e., optimal physiological functions), thereby fostering the efficient production of Zheng Qi and enhancing health. To ensure the quality of Chinese herbal products, functional assays to measure Yin/Yang, Qi/Blood functions, and Zheng Qi production should be implemented. The efficacy of Yang and Qi herbs can be evaluated by their ability to increase mitochondrial ATP in cultured mouse cardiomyocytes, while Yin and Blood herbs are tested through their immunostimulatory effects on antigen-induced T/B cell proliferation in mouse splenocytes and the production of erythropoietin/nitric oxide in hepatocytes/vascular endothelial cells, respectively. Additionally, Zheng Qi’s effect can be gauged by examining natural killer cell activity and antigen-induced T/B cell proliferation in mice ex vivo. These assays act as biomarkers for assessing the quality and effectiveness of herbal health products within TCM theory.

Introduction of Infection, Inflammation & Immunology Team Led by Professor Zheng Yuejuan

The Infection, Inflammation&Immunology Team led by Professor Zheng Yuejuan(郑月娟) from Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (SHUTCM) is committed to deciphering the protective roles and underlying mechanisms of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) in the treatment of inflammatory or infectious diseases.

A preliminary study on life history of marine red alga Stylonema alsidii(Zandardini)Drew f.ramosum Zheng et Li

Stylonema alsidii(Zandardini)Drew f.ramosum Zheng et Li is a common species in the genus Stylonema,but there are limited reports on morphological taxonomy and a lack of studies on life history and the regulation of early development.The early development,discoid formation,and erect thallus growth of Stylonema alsidii f.ramosum were observed under laboratory conditions.In addition,the influence of main environmental factors such as temperature and light intensity on its development was briefly studied,and various stages of its life history were observed.The result shows:(1)there are two reproductive modes:asexual reproduction and sexual reproduction;(2)the morphology of this species varies in different degrees under laboratory culture conditions;(3)sexual reproduction and asexual reproduction can coexist under suitable conditions.Five pathways of life history were inferred from experimental phenomena.Mature sporophytes form mature gametophytes by producing initially isolated or initially attached monospore,and mature gametophytes form mature sporophytes by fertilization of eggs and sperms.The sexual and asexual reproduction processes of Stylonema alsidii f.ramosum were reported for the first time,and this is also the first report on sexual reproduction in the genus Stylonema.

从相关概念论清末责任内阁的设置及其性质

对于清末成立的责任内阁,时人及后人均因其时代背景的复杂性和相关概念的含糊性而对其有着“皇族内阁”“亲贵内阁”“排汉阁”“非驴非马之内阁”“畸形内阁”“暂行内阁”“怪胎”“假内阁”“皇族集权的大暴露”“第一届责任内阁”等不同的称呼。从西方宪政法制而言,责任内阁有其“违法”和“失政”之分,因而对于增设两名协理,并对皇帝负责的这届责任内阁,以及盛宣怀在未经阁议就推行的铁路干线国有及其借款到底是违法还是失政,这些都理当结合其相关的内涵而定,以便客观地评析盛宣怀及其政治法治化进程。甚至长期以来有关责任内阁“中国化”和“中央专制集权”等问题仍应先明确其内涵,并结合其时代背景,综合其法制与理论而定。

文化空间视角下新时代优秀传统家风传承研究——以包拯家风为例

中华优秀传统家风作为中华民族家庭道德教育的理论精髓,凝聚了家庭教育的智慧和经验,在推进社会主义精神文明建设方面占据重要的位置。包拯家风作为在中华文明中磨砺而成的家风文化,既有深厚的历史渊源和广泛的现实基础,又有一定的时代价值。随着社会发展和价值观的变迁,包拯家风这类优秀传统家风的生存空间受到侵蚀。以包拯家风为例,借助文化空间理论分析框架深入探讨文化空间对新时代传承包拯家风的作用:为包拯家风提供传播介质、为传承包拯家风提供“记忆场”。从文化空间的视角来看,传承包拯家风面临的现实困境主要体现为传承空间异化和传承空间断层。新时代传承包拯家风的文化空间路径,包括扩大传承主体、营造良好的家风文化环境、优化传承场域、实现家风文化空间的活态化,使包拯家风与当代文化相适应,与社会相协调。

Zheng-Hirt公式及其在失效分析中的应用

以歼教五机翼主梁疲劳断裂分析为例 ,介绍了用断口金相和Zheng -Hirt公式估算疲劳裂纹扩展寿命的方法 ,为研究老龄飞机的使用寿命问题 。

新安郑氏喉科温病学术特色

新安医学郑氏喉科源远流长,鼎盛于清代,尤以《重楼玉钥》和自拟的养阴清肺汤最为著名。《重楼玉钥》《重楼玉钥续编》《喉科秘钥》是新安郑氏喉科代表性专著,其学术特点各具特色又一脉相承。新安医学郑氏喉科具有鲜明的温病学术特色:咽喉疾病审证求因多为温邪;诊断过程能合色脉;辨证融卫气营血和三焦思路;治疗以祛邪、养阴为要务,忌辛温发散、禁寒凉冰伏;治疗方式常以外用药噙含、针刺加内服调理。厘清新安郑氏喉科温病学特色,能为传承其学术精华、开拓临床视野提供借鉴。

元明浦江《郑氏规范》编撰考论

浦江郑氏义门家族历经宋、元、明三代,绵延二百五十余年不衰,无疑得益于郑氏家规的编纂和执行。从第六代家长郑文融开始撰《家规前录》定其大纲,中间经第七代家长郑钦与郑铉分别撰《家规后录》和《家规续录》加以补充,最后由第八世孙郑涛协同众兄弟修订编成《郑氏规范》定稿,前后经历了三代人、数十年时间,最终修成了一部内容广泛、条款细密的家法族规,为郑氏家族的发展提供了很好的制度保障,并成为中国传统家法族规的典范之作,对后世家法族规的发展产生了重要的影响。

宋夏沿边蕃部与北宋前中期“禁盐制夏”实施

宋夏沿边蕃部是北宋实施“禁盐制夏”的重要关注对象。太宗时期,北宋未认识到蕃部为己所用的军事价值,故禁盐针对的是蕃部整体。真宗、仁宗时期,北宋重视熟户蕃部防御西夏的作用,“禁盐制夏”转而针对生户蕃部。北宋禁盐对象改易与宋夏军事局势变化有关,体现了北宋实施策略的灵活性。

论《玉玦记》的下场诗

郑若庸的《玉玦记》共有36首下场诗。按其创作情况可分为三类:完全自创类、部分引用或化用类、完全引用或化用类。《玉玦记》的下场诗具有雅俗并存的语言风格。这种语言风格的形成,受到了文人化创作倾向的影响,适应了统治者推行教化的需要,符合民众的欣赏趣味。

叶氏《临证指南医案》虫药应用概况

目的分析《临证指南医案》中虫药的应用情况及叶氏应用虫药的临证思路。方法整理《临证指南医案》应用虫药的方剂,以病因病机分类,总结其中11味虫药的应用情况,并列举验案佐证。结果“凡虫蚁皆攻”,虫药猛烈,多用于治疗痿症、痫症、痹症等顽疾。叶氏善用虫药治疗“湿”“瘀”“风”“虚损”之证,并从病因病机出发随证制方,根据病邪侵袭位置判断用药主次,善用缓攻,注重养正。结论虫药在中医方剂中具有独特价值。结合虫药的临证疗效及其应用利弊,可为虫药应用的研究提供新思路。

Regulatory Effect of Shenge Yifei Capsule on TGF-β1/Smad Signaling Pathway in Rats with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

[Objectives]This study aimed to study the effects of Shenge Yifei capsule on the TGF-β1/Smad signaling pathway in rats with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD).[Methods]Ten rats were randomly selected as the control group,and the other 40 rats were selected for modeling by fumigation combined with Klebsiella pneumoniae infection.A total of 38 rats were successfully modeled.They were randomly divided into model group(8 rats),low-dose Shenge Yifei capsule group(10 rats),high-dose Shenge Yifei capsule group(10 rats)and theophylline group(10 rats)in accordance with the principle of half male and half female.The rats in the model and control groups were given with distilled water by gavage,and the rats in the drug administration groups were given with corresponding drugs.The TGF-β1 level in the serum,and the expression levels of TGF-β1,Smad2,Smad3 and Smad7 and TGF-β1,Smad3 and Smad7 in airway tissues were detected.[Results]After 12 weeks,the serum TGF-β1 levels of the theophylline group and high-dose Shenge Yifei capsule group were lower than that of the low-dose Shenge Yifei capsule group(P<0.05).The expression levels of TGF-β1 and Smad3 in the theophylline group and high-dose Shenge Yifei capsule group were lower than that in the low-dose Shenge Yifei capsule group(P<0.05).The expression levels of TGF-β1 and Smad3 in the high-dose Shenge Yifei capsule group were lower than those in the low-dose Shenge Yifei capsule group and theophylline group(P<0.05).The expression levels of Smad7 and the proteins in the model group were lower than those in the other groups(P<0.05).The expression levels of Smad7 in the theophylline group and high-dose Shenge Yifei capsule group were higher than that in the low-dose Shenge Yifei capsule group(P<0.05).After 18 weeks,no significant difference was found in serum TGF-β1 level among the theophylline group and low and high-dose Shenge Yifei capsule groups(P>0.05).The expression levels of Smad7 and the proteins in the model group were lower than those in the other groups.The expression level of Smad7 in the high-dose Shenge Yifei capsule group was lower than that in the theophylline group(P<0.05).[Conclusions]Shenge Yifei capsule can regulate the TGF-β1/Smads signaling pathway.They can down-regulate the expression of TGF-β1,Smad2 and Smad3 and up-regulate the expression of Smad7,reducing the degree of airway modeling,delaying the development of COPD disease.Conventional high-dose Shenge Yifei capsule is more effective in inhibiting the expression of Smad2.

Liver Transplantation (in Chinese), revised edition, Edited by Shu-Sen Zheng. Pp843. Beijing: People's Medical Publishing House, 2012. ISBN: 978-7-117-15494-9/R.15495. ￥RMB 158

Liver Transplantation (in Chinese), revised edition, edited by Professor Shu-Sen Zheng and prefaced by Professor Guo-Wei Sang, has just been published. The revised edition is mainly based on the clinical practice of the Liver Transplant Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University and the experience

Biological Aspects of Orius similis Zheng Reared on Two Preys at Three Constant Temperatures

Mass-rearing of Orius similis Zheng on two preys,Aphis craccivora Koch and eggs of Corcyra cephalonica Stainton at three constant temperatures(22,26 and 30°C)and 60%±10%RH and 16:8 L/D photoperiod under laboratory conditions was investigated to study the effect of different temperatures and different preys on the biology of O.similis.The highest survival rate(%)of nymphal stages was 81.14%and the longest oviposition period for females(20.6 d)was recorded at 26°C.Also,the highest fecundity of female also recorded at 26°C.The highest rate of nymphal feeding consumption was(122.5 individuals of A.cracivora)also,recorded at 26°C.As well as,the two preys had significant effects on the biological characteristics of O.similis.The highest survival rate for nymphal stage was recorded when O.similis nymphs fed on A.cracivora.Therefore,the longest survival rate was founded in the nymphs which fed on the individuals of A.cracivora.During the nymphal period of O.similis which consumed more individuals of A.cracivora than the eggs of C.cephalonica.These results on the effect of three constant temperatures and two preys on the biology of O.similis will share to improve the rearing of O.similis in biological control agents in China and share to suppress the population of pests in field and greenhouse.

Bakri球囊联合Zheng子宫压迫缝合术治疗产后出血的效果探讨

目的探讨Bakri球囊填塞术联合Zheng子宫压迫缝合术治疗产后出血患者的临床效果。方法将产后出血患者共108例依据手术方案分为2组,其中单纯Zheng子宫压迫缝合术治疗54例为对照组,Bakri球囊联合Zheng子宫压迫缝合术治疗54例为观察组。评价2组患者止血成功率,记录止血时间、术后出血量及住院时间,并观察术后感染及子宫恢复情况。结果观察组止血成功率(98.15%)高于对照组(87.04%),而输血率(1.85%)则显著低于对照组(16.67%),2组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组出血减少率(1.85%),低于对照组(11.11%),但差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);观察组术中出血量、术后24出血量及输血量与对照组比较均明显降低,且出血性恶露时间及住院时间与对照组比较均明显缩短(P<0.05);观察组术后产褥感染、伤口感染及低血容量性休克等并发症发生率分别为9.26%、1.85%、0.05%,与对照组的29.63%、14.81%、7.41%比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论在产后出血治疗中采用Bakri球囊联合Zheng子宫压迫缝合术治疗可快速止血,减少术后出血量,保证止血成功,且利于降低术后感染,促进子宫恢复,缩短住院时间,值得推广应用。

Effect of Sheng-jiang powder on multiple-organ inflammatory injury in acute pancreatitis in rats fed a high-fat diet

BACKGROUND Obesity worsens inflammatory organ injury in acute pancreatitis(AP), but there is no effective preventive strategy. Sheng-jiang powder(SJP) has been shown to alleviate multiple-organ inflammatory injury in rats with high-fat diet-induced obesity. Hence, SJP is supposed to have an effect on multiple-organ inflammatory injury in AP in rats fed a high-fat diet.AIM To explore how obesity may contribute to aggravating inflammatory organ injury in AP in rats and observe the effect of SJP on multiple-organ inflammatory injury in AP in rats fed a high-fat diet.METHODS Rats were randomly assigned to a control group(CG), an obese group(OG), and an SJP treatment group(SG), with eight rats per group. The rats in the OG and SG were fed a high-fat diet. From the third week, the rats in the SG were given oral doses of SJP(5 g/kg of body weight). After 12 wk, AP was induced in the three groups. Serum amylase level, body weight, Lee's index, serum biochemistry parameters, and serum inflammatory cytokine and tissue cytokine levels were assessed, and the tissue histopathological scores were evaluated and compared.RESULTS Compared with the CG, serum triglyceride, total cholesterol, interleukin-6, and interleukin-10 levels were significantly higher in the OG, and serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol level was significantly lower in the OG. Moreover,enhanced oxidative damage was observed in the pancreas, heart, spleen, lung,intestine, liver, and kidney. Evidence of an imbalanced antioxidant defense system, especially in the pancreas, spleen, and intestine, was observed in the obese AP rats. Compared with the OG, serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, interleukin-10, and superoxide dismutase expression levels in the pancreas, spleen, and intestine were increased in the SG. Additionally, SJP intervention led to a decrease in the following parameters: body weight; Lee's index; serum triglyceride levels; serum total cholesterol levels; malondialdehyde expression levels in the pancreas, heart, spleen, lung, and liver; myeloperoxidase expression levels in the lung; and pathological scores in the liver.CONCLUSION Obesity may aggravate the inflammatory reaction and pathological multipleorgan injury in AP rats, and SJP may alleviate multiple-organ inflammatory injury in AP in rats fed a high-fat diet.

What is 'zheng' in traditional Chinese medicine?

Zheng is a distinct diagnostic concept in TCM.In order to understand this concept well,in this article,the definition and features of zheng,zheng identification in contrast to Western diagnostic process,and different zheng identification methods are systematically reviewed and discussed.Following these discussion,an example of dysmenorrhea is provided to illustrate how a zheng is identified in clinical practice.

A Comparative Study on the Translation of Ou Yang Xiu's Qiu Sheng Fu——in terms of communicative and semantic translation

Qiu Sheng Fu,is considered as one of the finest works in Chinese literature, famous for its daring imagery. The translation of this masterpiece exposes a most difficult task for translators. The author picks out two well-accepted translated versions:one is Ruo Jingguo's Ode To The Sound Of Autumn and L. Cranmer-Byng's Autumn, as the author sees it, they are the typical example of semantic translation and communicative translation of the source text respectively. From this perspective, the writer aims to make a comparative study and demonstrate the differences between the two.

Sheng-jiang powder ameliorates obesity-induced pancreatic inflammatory injury via stimulating activation of the AMPK signalling pathway in rats

AIM To investigate the mechanisms by which Sheng-jiang powder(SJP) ameliorates obesity-induced pancreatic inflammatory injury.METHODS Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized into three groups: normal group(NG), obese group(HLG), or SJP treatment group(HSG). Obesity was induced by feeding a high-fat diet in the HLG and HSG, while the NG received standard chow. Rats were euthanized after 12 wk, and blood and pancreatic tissues were collected for histopathological analyses. Nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells(NF-κB) and transforming growth factor beta(TGF-β) expression, serum triglyceride and adiponectin levels, and apoptosis in pancreatic acinar cells were assessed. A high-fat AR42 J acinar cell injury model was established using very low-density lipoprotein(VLDL). AR42 J acinar cell culture supernatant, treated with different interventions, was applied to seven groups of pancreatic stellate cells(PSCs). The proliferation of PSCs and the expression of fibronectin and type I collagenase were assessed.RESULTS Compared with the NG, we found higher pathological scores for pancreatic tissues, lower serum adiponectin levels, higher expression levels of NF-κB in pancreatic tissues and TGF-β in pancreatic inflammatory cells, and increased apoptosis among pancreatic acinar cells for the HLG(P < 0.05). Compared with the HLG, we found reduced body weight, Lee's index scores, serum triglyceride levels, and pathological scores for pancreatic tissues; higher serum adiponectin levels; and lower expression levels of NF-κB, in pancreatic tissue and TGF-β in pancreatic inflammatory cells for the HSG(P < 0.05). The in vitro studies showed enhanced PSC activation and increased expression levels of fibronectin and type I collagenase after SJP treatment. An adenosine 5‘-monophosphate-activated protein kinase(AMPK) inhibitor inhibited PSC activation.CONCLUSION SJP may ameliorate obesity-induced pancreatic inflammatory injury in rats by regulating key molecules of the adiponectin-AMPK signalling pathway.