Unraveling the Impact of Direct-Acting Antivirals on Hepatitis-Linked Cirrhosis: A Comprehensive Analysis of Fibrosis, Child Score, and Disease Progression

The treatment of hepatitis C has undergone a significant boom since the advent of direct acting antivirals (DAA). Indeed, the interferon-ribavirin combination that has been used to treat hepatitis C has a virological response in only 45% of cases with significant side effects. The advent of direct-acting antivirals has changed the prognosis of cirrhotic patients with hepatitis C. DAAs have ensured a sustained viral response in the majority of patients. Our work aims to see the evolution of hepatitis C patients at the cirrhosis stage under DAA. We conducted a retrospective study over 15 years (January 2009, January 2024) including all patients with post-viral cirrhosis C, whom we divided into two groups: group A, cirrhotic patients who received ribavirin and interferon, and group B, patients on DAA. From January 2009 to January 2024, we conducted a study of 182 patients with viral hepatitis C, including 102 cirrhotic patients. The mean age was 55 years. 66% of patients were initially treated with the ribavirin interferon combination, while 34% received direct-acting antivirals (DAAs). Since the introduction of DAAs, the most commonly used regimens have been sofosbuvir/daclatasvir with or without ribavirin and sofosbuvir/ledipasvir with or without ribavirin. Group A achieved sustained virological response (SVR) in 60% of cases, with notable side effects. In Group B, SVR was 98.18%, with improved tolerability and fewer side effects than previous treatments. Fifteen patients developed hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), with a significantly lower mortality rate in those treated with DAAs compared with pegylated dual therapy (p: 0.001).

Optimal Shape Factor and Fictitious Radius in the MQ-RBF:Solving Ill-Posed Laplacian Problems

To solve the Laplacian problems,we adopt a meshless method with the multiquadric radial basis function(MQRBF)as a basis whose center is distributed inside a circle with a fictitious radius.A maximal projection technique is developed to identify the optimal shape factor and fictitious radius by minimizing a merit function.A sample function is interpolated by theMQ-RBF to provide a trial coefficient vector to compute the merit function.We can quickly determine the optimal values of the parameters within a preferred rage using the golden section search algorithm.The novel method provides the optimal values of parameters and,hence,an optimal MQ-RBF;the performance of the method is validated in numerical examples.Moreover,nonharmonic problems are transformed to the Poisson equation endowed with a homogeneous boundary condition;this can overcome the problem of these problems being ill-posed.The optimal MQ-RBF is extremely accurate.We further propose a novel optimal polynomial method to solve the nonharmonic problems,which achieves high precision up to an order of 10^(−11).

A STRONG POSITIVITY PROPERTY AND A RELATED INVERSE SOURCE PROBLEM FOR MULTI-TERM TIME-FRACTIONAL DIFFUSION EQUATIONS

In this article,we consider the diffusion equation with multi-term time-fractional derivatives.We first derive,by a subordination principle for the solution,that the solution is positive when the initial value is non-negative.As an application,we prove the uniqueness of solution to an inverse problem of determination of the temporally varying source term by integral type information in a subdomain.Finally,several numerical experiments are presented to show the accuracy and efficiency of the algorithm.

Multi-Objective Optimization of Multi-Product Parallel Disassembly Line Balancing Problem Considering Multi-Skilled Workers Using a Discrete Chemical Reaction Optimization Algorithm

This work investigates a multi-product parallel disassembly line balancing problem considering multi-skilled workers.A mathematical model for the parallel disassembly line is established to achieve maximized disassembly profit and minimized workstation cycle time.Based on a product’s AND/OR graph,matrices for task-skill,worker-skill,precedence relationships,and disassembly correlations are developed.A multi-objective discrete chemical reaction optimization algorithm is designed.To enhance solution diversity,improvements are made to four reactions:decomposition,synthesis,intermolecular ineffective collision,and wall invalid collision reaction,completing the evolution of molecular individuals.The established model and improved algorithm are applied to ball pen,flashlight,washing machine,and radio combinations,respectively.Introducing a Collaborative Resource Allocation(CRA)strategy based on a Decomposition-Based Multi-Objective Evolutionary Algorithm,the experimental results are compared with four classical algorithms:MOEA/D,MOEAD-CRA,Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm Ⅱ(NSGA-Ⅱ),and Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm Ⅲ(NSGA-Ⅲ).This validates the feasibility and superiority of the proposed algorithm in parallel disassembly production lines.

Interaction between Biochar and Algae on Problem Soil

An in-vitro experiment was conducted to assess the interaction between biochar and algae on a problem soil. Experiments were performed with and without algae to observe the effectiveness of algae for overcoming the challenges posed by problem soils. At the end of incubation periods, the adsorption and desorption of phosphorus (P) on a problem soil vis-á-vis algal inoculation were determined. Our results showed that different types of biochars adsorbed different amounts of P suggesting that the source of biochar played a crucial role in determining its behavior towards P. Tannery waste biochar significantly adsorbed 147% and 35% more P compared to that of the chicken litter and orange peel biochars respectively. Significant reductions in adsorption were observed when the biochar was used in combination with the algae which could be due to the beneficial effects of algae leading to the amelioration of the problem soil. Adsorption was reduced to 34%, 24% and 20% for the orange peel biochar + algae, chicken litter biochar + algae and tannery waste biochar + algae, respectively compared to the corresponding biochars present as a single solid. Phosphorus (P) desorption was also reduced significantly in presence of algal inoculation. Overall our findings suggest that the application of algae along with biochar in the problem soil could reduce the adsorption of P which would influence the availability of P.

Numerical Exploration of Asymmetrical Impact Dynamics: Unveiling Nonlinearities in Collision Problems and Resilience of Reinforced Concrete Structures

This study provides a comprehensive analysis of collision and impact problems’ numerical solutions, focusing ongeometric, contact, and material nonlinearities, all essential in solving large deformation problems during a collision.The initial discussion revolves around the stress and strain of large deformation during a collision, followedby explanations of the fundamental finite element solution method for addressing such issues. The hourglassmode’s control methods, such as single-point reduced integration and contact-collision algorithms are detailedand implemented within the finite element framework. The paper further investigates the dynamic responseand failure modes of Reinforced Concrete (RC) members under asymmetrical impact using a 3D discrete modelin ABAQUS that treats steel bars and concrete connections as bond slips. The model’s validity was confirmedthrough comparisons with the node-sharing algorithm and system energy relations. Experimental parameterswere varied, including the rigid hammer’s mass and initial velocity, concrete strength, and longitudinal and stirrupreinforcement ratios. Findings indicated that increased hammer mass and velocity escalated RC member damage,while increased reinforcement ratios improved impact resistance. Contrarily, increased concrete strength did notsignificantly reduce lateral displacement when considering strain rate effects. The study also explores materialnonlinearity, examining different materials’ responses to collision-induced forces and stresses, demonstratedthrough an elastic rod impact case study. The paper proposes a damage criterion based on the residual axialload-bearing capacity for assessing damage under the asymmetrical impact, showing a correlation betweendamage degree hammer mass and initial velocity. The results, validated through comparison with theoreticaland analytical solutions, verify the ABAQUS program’s accuracy and reliability in analyzing impact problems,offering valuable insights into collision and impact problems’ nonlinearities and practical strategies for enhancingRC structures’ resilience under dynamic stress.

Gradient Estimate of Solutions to a Class of Mean Curvature Equations with Prescribed Contact Angle Boundary Problem

This paper studies the prescribed contact angle boundary value problem of a certain type of mean curvature equation.Applying the maximum principle and the moving frame method and based on the location of the maximum point,the boundary gradient estimation of the solutions to the equation is obtained.

Effects of Health Education with Problem-Based Learning Approaches on the Knowledge, Attitude, Practice and Coping Skills of Women with High-Risk Pregnancies in Plateau Areas

Objective: Given the unique cultural background, way of life, and physical environment of the Tibetan Plateau, this study aims to investigate the effects of health education using problem-based learning (PBL) approaches on the knowledge, attitude, practice, and coping skills of women with high-risk pregnancies in this region. Methods: 76 high-risk pregnancy cases were enrolled at Tibet’s Linzhi People’s Hospital between September 2023 and April 2024. 30 patients admitted between September 2023 and December 2023 were selected as the control group and were performed with regular patient education. 46 patients admitted between January 2024 and April 2024 were selected as the observation group and were performed regular patient education with problem-based learning approaches. Two groups’ performance on their health knowledge, attitude, practice and coping skills before and after interventions were evaluated, and patient satisfaction were measured at the end of the study. Results: There was no statistical significance (P P P Conclusions: Health education with problem-based learning approaches is worth promoting as it can help high-risk pregnant women in plateau areas develop better health knowledge, attitude and practice and healthier coping skills. Also, it can improve patient sanctification.

基于ACT反馈的延续性护理对老年间质性肺炎患者治疗依从性的影响评价

分析以ACT反馈为基础的延续性护理模式,对老年间质性肺炎患者的影响价值。方法 从2022年7月开始,截至2023年7月,本院总计选入老年间质性肺炎患者60例,经抽签法进行两组均分。30例对照组实施基础护理,30例研究组实施基于ACT反馈的延续性护理。比较两组护理后肺功能水平、临床恢复结果、生活质量以及总依从率。结果 研究组各肺功能结果、生活质量评分高于对照组;恢复时间短于对照组;总依从率高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 老年间质性肺炎患者,进行基于ACT反馈的延续性护理,可提升生活质量和依从性,稳定肺功能水平。

麦粒灸对神经根型颈椎病大鼠脊髓及神经根Activin A/ActRⅠ/Smad4表达的影响

目的:通过观察麦粒灸“大椎”穴对神经根型颈椎病大鼠激活素A(Act A)、ActⅠ型受体(ActRⅠ)及受体后信号传导蛋白Smad4表达的影响,探讨麦粒灸治疗神经根型颈椎病(CSR)的镇痛机制。方法:将30只SPF级雌雄各半SD大鼠随机分为空白组、模型组、麦粒灸组,每组10只。采用椎管插线法制备CSR模型。模型组及麦粒灸组均于造模后待伤口恢复7 d,第8天开始干预。空白组正常喂养且不做任何干预措施,模型组仅予腹腔注射1 ml的0.9%氯化钠溶液,麦粒灸组在模型组基础上予麦粒灸“大椎”穴,6壮/次,1次/d。连续干预7 d后,观察各组大鼠步态评分,测量机械痛阈值,采用蛋白免疫印迹检测脊髓及神经根组织Act A、ActRⅠ及Smad4的蛋白。PCR检测脊髓及神经根组织Act A和ActRⅠ的mRNA表达水平,苏木素-伊红染色观察脊髓及神经根组织的形态结构,免疫荧光染色观察Smad4阳性表达水平。结果:与空白组比较,模型组、麦粒灸组大鼠步态评分升高、机械痛阈降低(P<0.05)。与模型组比较,麦粒灸组大鼠脊髓及神经根组织Act A、ActRⅠ及其mRNA表达水平均升高(P<0.05)。Western blotting和免疫荧光结果均显示Smad4表达增加;HE染色观察麦粒灸组脊髓形态损伤较模型组有所减轻,灰质区神经元固缩,尼氏小体减少,神经胶质细胞和毛细血管数量比模型组减少。结论:麦粒灸“大椎”穴能改善CSR大鼠疼痛阈值和运动功能,促进神经元损伤后修复,这与激活Activin A/ActRⅠ/Smad4信号通路有关。

专业认证背景下高校师范生知向行转化的逻辑路向--基于ACT认知模型视角

专业认证背景下高校师范生的“知”和“行”是师范生将“践行师德、学会教学、学会育人、学会发展”等“他知”内化后形成的结构化“我知”以及外化后生成的关联化教育行动。由“知”化“行”是师范生知识形态从陈述性向程序性自然变迁及其职业素养发展的基本要求。从ACT认知模型视角看,这种转化遵循“认知”“编辑”“调适”的逻辑发展规律。其中:“认知”是师范生以学习理解“他知”意义为任务,学以致知;“编辑”是师范生以整合碎片化意义为目标,学以致道;“调适”是师范生依托教育场域,应用“我知”,以知化形。

ACTED模式下综合康复训练在脑卒中患者住院-随访中的应用

目的探讨ACTED模式下综合康复训练在脑卒中患者住院-随访中的应用。方法选取2021年1月至2023年10月郑州大学第一附属医院康复医学科收治的150例脑卒中患者,按随机数字表法分为对照组和观察组,各75例。给予对照组常规康复训练,观察组在此基础上接受ACTED模式下综合康复训练。比较两组DE Morton活动指数(DEMMI)、平衡能力(BBS)、肢体功能(FMA)、步态参数、自我管理能力、生活质量(SIS)。结果观察组出院后3个月DEMMI、BBS、上下肢FMA评分高于对照组(P<0.05);观察组出院后3个月的步频、步长、步速高于对照组,双支撑期百分比低于对照组(P<0.05);观察组出院后3个月的自我管理能力、SIS评分评分高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论ACTED模式下综合康复训练能有效提高脑卒中患者自我效能与自我管理能力,改善患者运动功能,提高患者生活质量。

Impact of parenting styles on preschoolers’behaviors

In this editorial,I comment on the article“Association of preschool children behavior and emotional problems with the parenting behavior of both parents”which was published in the latest issue of“World Journal of Clinical Cases”that demonstrates the prevalence of behavioral disorders in preschool children.Therefore I am focused on parenting which is the most effective factor shown to affect the development and continuity of these behaviors.The management of child behavior problems is crucial.Children in early ages,especially preschoolers who are in the first 5 years of life,are influenced by dramatic changes in various aspects of development,such as social,emotional,and physical.Also,children experience many changes linked to different developmental tasks,such as discovering themselves,getting new friendships,and adapting to a new environment.In this period,parents have a critical role in supporting child development.If parents do not manage and overcome their child’s misbehavior,it could be transformed into psychosocial problems in adulthood.Parenting is the most powerful predictor in the social development of preschool children.Several studies have shown that to reduce the child’s emotional and behavioral problems,a warm relationship between parents and children is needed.In addition,recent studies have demonstrated significant relationships between family regulation factors and parenting,as well as with child behaviors.

Association of preschool children behavior and emotional problems with the parenting behavior of both parents

BACKGROUND Parental behaviors are key in shaping children’s psychological and behavioral development,crucial for early identification and prevention of mental health issues,reducing psychological trauma in childhood.AIM To investigate the relationship between parenting behaviors and behavioral and emotional issues in preschool children.METHODS From October 2017 to May 2018,7 kindergartens in Ma’anshan City were selected to conduct a parent self-filled questionnaire-Health Development Survey of Preschool Children.Children’s Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire(Parent Version)was applied to measures the children’s behavioral and emotional performance.Parenting behavior was evaluated using the Parental Behavior Inventory.Binomial logistic regression model was used to analyze the association between the detection rate of preschool children’s behavior and emotional problems and their parenting behaviors.RESULTS High level of parental support/participation was negatively correlated with conduct problems,abnormal hyperactivity,abnormal total difficulty scores and abnormal prosocial behavior problems.High level of maternal support/participation was negatively correlated with abnormal emotional symptoms and abnormal peer interaction in children.High level of parental hostility/coercion was positively correlated with abnormal emotional symptoms,abnormal conduct problems,abnormal hyperactivity,abnormal peer interaction,and abnormal total difficulty scores in children(all P<0.05).Moreover,paternal parenting behaviors had similarly effects on behavior and emotional problems of preschool children compared with maternal parenting behaviors(all P>0.05),after calculating ratio of odds ratio values.CONCLUSION Our study found that parenting behaviors are associated with behavioral and emotional issues in preschool children.Overall,the more supportive or involved the parents are,the fewer behavioral and emotional problems the children experience;conversely,the more hostile or controlling the parents are,the more behavioral and emotional problems the children face.Moreover,the impact of fathers’parenting behaviors on preschool children’s behavior and emotions is no less significant than that of mothers’parenting behaviors.

An inverse problem in film/substrate indentation:extracting both the Young's modulus and thickness of films

In an indentation test,the effective Young's modulus of a film/substrate bilayer heterostructure varies with the indentation depth,a phenomenon known as the substrate effect.In previous studies investigating this,only the Young's modulus of the film was unknown.Once the effective Young's modulus of a film/substrate structure is determined at a given contact depth,the Young's modulus of the film can be uniquely determined,i.e.,there is a one-to-one relation between the Young's modulus of the film and the film/substrate effective Young's modulus.However,at times it is extremely challenging or even impossible to measure the film thickness.Furthermore,the precise definition of the layer/film thickness for a two-dimensional material can be problematic.In the current study,therefore,the thickness of the film and its Young's modulus are treated as two unknowns that must be determined.Unlike the case with one unknown,there are infinite combinations of film thickness and Young's modulus which can yield the same effective Young's modulus for the film/substrate.An inverse problem is formulated and solved to extract the Young's modulus and thickness of the film from the indentation depth-load curve.The accuracy and robustness of the inverse problem-solving method are also demonstrated.

Physics-constrained neural network for solving discontinuous interface K-eigenvalue problem with application to reactor physics

Machine learning-based modeling of reactor physics problems has attracted increasing interest in recent years.Despite some progress in one-dimensional problems,there is still a paucity of benchmark studies that are easy to solve using traditional numerical methods albeit still challenging using neural networks for a wide range of practical problems.We present two networks,namely the Generalized Inverse Power Method Neural Network(GIPMNN)and Physics-Constrained GIPMNN(PC-GIPIMNN)to solve K-eigenvalue problems in neutron diffusion theory.GIPMNN follows the main idea of the inverse power method and determines the lowest eigenvalue using an iterative method.The PC-GIPMNN additionally enforces conservative interface conditions for the neutron flux.Meanwhile,Deep Ritz Method(DRM)directly solves the smallest eigenvalue by minimizing the eigenvalue in Rayleigh quotient form.A comprehensive study was conducted using GIPMNN,PC-GIPMNN,and DRM to solve problems of complex spatial geometry with variant material domains from the fleld of nuclear reactor physics.The methods were compared with the standard flnite element method.The applicability and accuracy of the methods are reported and indicate that PC-GIPMNN outperforms GIPMNN and DRM.

A Combination of Residual Distribution and the Active Flux Formulations or a New Class of Schemes That Can Combine Several Writings of the Same Hyperbolic Problem:Application to the 1D Euler Equations

We show how to combine in a natural way(i.e.,without any test nor switch)the conservative and non-conservative formulations of an hyperbolic system that has a conservative form.This is inspired from two different classes of schemes:the residual distribution one(Abgrall in Commun Appl Math Comput 2(3):341–368,2020),and the active flux formulations(Eyman and Roe in 49th AIAA Aerospace Science Meeting,2011;Eyman in active flux.PhD thesis,University of Michigan,2013;Helzel et al.in J Sci Comput 80(3):35–61,2019;Barsukow in J Sci Comput 86(1):paper No.3,34,2021;Roe in J Sci Comput 73:1094–1114,2017).The solution is globally continuous,and as in the active flux method,described by a combination of point values and average values.Unlike the“classical”active flux methods,the meaning of the point-wise and cell average degrees of freedom is different,and hence follow different forms of PDEs;it is a conservative version of the cell average,and a possibly non-conservative one for the points.This new class of scheme is proved to satisfy a Lax-Wendroff-like theorem.We also develop a method to perform nonlinear stability.We illustrate the behaviour on several benchmarks,some quite challenging.

ACTED康复护理模式在老年下肢骨折患者中的应用价值

目的分析ACTED康复护理模式在老年下肢骨折患者中的应用价值。方法选取2022年10月—2023年10月山东省潍坊市中医院收治的82例老年下肢骨折且行手术治疗的患者为研究对象,采用随机数字表法将其分为对照组和观察组,各41例。对照组采用常规康复护理,观察组采用ACTED康复护理。比较两组护理后的疼痛程度、愈合情况、医疗费用、并发症发生情况。结果干预1、2个月后,观察组疼痛视觉模拟评分均低于对照组,组间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组骨痂形成时间、骨折愈合时间均短于对照组,医疗费用低于对照组,组间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组并发症发生率低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论将ACTED康复护理模式应用于老年下肢骨折患者,可减轻患者疼痛,促进骨愈合,并且可减少医疗费用,降低并发症发生率。

Modified Exact Jacobian Semidefinite Programming Relaxation for Celis-Dennis-Tapia Problem

A modified exact Jacobian semidefinite programming(SDP)relaxation method is proposed in this paper to solve the Celis-Dennis-Tapia(CDT)problem using the Jacobian matrix of objective and constraining polynomials.In the modified relaxation problem,the number of introduced constraints and the lowest relaxation order decreases significantly.At the same time,the finite convergence property is guaranteed.In addition,the proposed method can be applied to the quadratically constrained problem with two quadratic constraints.Moreover,the efficiency of the proposed method is verified by numerical experiments.

Qualia Role-Based Quantity Relation Extraction for Solving Algebra Story Problems

A qualia role-based entity-dependency graph(EDG)is proposed to represent and extract quantity relations for solving algebra story problems stated in Chinese.Traditional neural solvers use end-to-end models to translate problem texts into math expressions,which lack quantity relation acquisition in sophisticated scenarios.To address the problem,the proposed method leverages EDG to represent quantity relations hidden in qualia roles of math objects.Algorithms were designed for EDG generation and quantity relation extraction for solving algebra story problems.Experimental result shows that the proposedmethod achieved an average accuracy of 82.2%on quantity relation extraction compared to 74.5%of baseline method.Another prompt learning result shows a 5%increase obtained in problem solving by injecting the extracted quantity relations into the baseline neural solvers.