Erxian decoction potentially prevents postmenopausal osteoporosis by modulating miR-335: a study based on bioinformatics analysis and preliminary clinical case validation

Background:miRNAs are closely related to bone metabolism.Studies have shown that Erxian decoction can improve bone metabolism,possibly achieving this regulatory effect through miRNA targets.Netinfer was used to predict the miRNA targets of Erxian decoction for the treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis,and the results were validated by clinical trials.Methods:In this study,we identified possible targets of Erxian decoction in osteoporosis by means of network pharmacological analysis and bioinformatic prediction.Fifteen cases of postmenopausal osteoporosis with kidney Yin and Yang deficiency(In traditional Chinese medicine,kidney Yin nourishes and moistens the tissues of the internal organs of the body,while kidney Yang promotes and warms the tissues of the internal organs of the body.)were treated with Erxian decoction for four weeks,and serum bone metabolism indices(P1NP,osteocalcin,andβ-CTX)and miRNA-335-5p expression were measured before and after treatment.Results:The constructed miRNA postmenopausal osteoporosis related gene network of the effective compound of the Erxian decoction has 296 points and 981 edges.The 39 postmenopausal osteoporosis related genes regulated by miRNA-335-5p were enriched in ossification,while the signaling pathways were enriched in rheumatoid arthritis,the Toll signaling pathway,the HIF-1 signaling pathway,and the MAPK signaling pathway.After taking Erxian decoction,the expression of the serum bone formation index(P1NP,osteocalcin)and miRNA-335-5p gene expression levels increased significantly.The alterations in P1NP and osteocalcin were correlated with the changes in miRNA-335-5p.Conclusion:Circulating miRNA-335-5p may serve as an important target of Erxian decoction in the treatment of postmenopausal women.The effect of Erxian decoction on bone formation is significant,but the underlying mechanism requires further investigation.

Study of Complex Nitrogen and Oxygen-bearing Molecules toward the High-mass Protostar IRAS 18089–1732

The observation of oxygen(O)-and nitrogen(N)-bearing molecules gives an idea about the complex prebiotic chemistry in the interstellar medium.Recent millimeter and submillimeter wavelength observations have shown the presence of complex O-and N-bearing molecules in the star formation regions.So,the investigation of those molecules is crucial to understanding the chemical complexity in the star-forming regions.In this article,we present the identification of the rotational emission lines of N-bearing molecules ethyl cyanide(C_(2)H_(5)CN)and cyanoacetylene(HC_(3)N),and O-bearing molecule methyl formate(CH_(3)OCHO)toward high-mass protostar IRAS18089–1732 using the Atacama Compact Array.We also detected the emission lines of both the N-and O-bearing molecule formamide(NH_(2)CHO)in the envelope of IRAS 18089–1732.We have detected the v=0 and 1 state rotational emission lines of CH_(3)OCHO.We also detected the two vibrationally excited states of HC_(3)N(v7=1 and v7=2).The estimated fractional abundances of C_(2)H_(5)CN,HC_(3)N(v7=1),HC_(3)N(v7=2),and NH_(2)CHO toward IRAS 18089–1732 are(1.40±0.5)×10^(-10),(7.5±0.7)×10^(-11),(3.1±0.4)×10^(-11),and(6.25±0.82)×10^(-11)respectively.Similarly,the estimated fractional abundances of CH_(3)OCHO(v=0)and CH_(3)OCHO(v=1)are(1.90±0.9)×10^(-9)and(8.90±0.8)×10^(-10),respectively.We also created the integrated emission maps of the detected molecules,and the observed molecules may have originated from the extended envelope of the protostar.We show that C_(2)H_(5)CNand HC_(3)N are most probably formed via the subsequential hydrogenation of the CH_(2)CHCNand the reaction between C_(2)H_(2)and CN on the grain surface of IRAS 18089–1732.We found that NH_(2)CHO is probably produced due to the reaction between NH_(2)and H_(2)CO in the gas phase.Similarly,CH_(3)OCHO is possibly created via the reaction between radical CH_(3)O and radical HCO on the grain surface of IRAS 18089–1732.

Fracture prediction in the tight-oil reservoirs of the Triassic Yanchang Formation in the Ordos Basin,northern China

It is important to predict the fracture distribution in the tight reservoirs of the Ordos Basin because fracturing is very crucial for the reconstruction of the low-permeability reservoirs. Three-dimensional finite element models are used to predict the fracture orientation and distribution of the Triassic Yanchang Formation in the Longdong area, southern Ordos Basin. The numerical modeling is based on the distribution of sand bodies in the Chang 7a and 72 members, and the different forces that have been exerted along each boundary of the basin in the Late Mesozoic and the Cenozoic. The calculated results demonstrate that the fracture orientations in the Late Mesozoic and the Ceno- zoic are NW-EW and NNE-ENE, respectively. In this paper, the two-factor method is applied to analyze the distribution of fracture density. The distribution maps of predicted fracture density in the Chang 71 and 72 members are obtained, indicating that the tectonic movement in the Late Mesozoic has a greater influence on the fracture development than that in the Cenozoic. The average fracture densities in the Chang 71 and 72 members are similar, but there are differences in their distributions. Compared with other geological elements, the lithology and the layer thickness are the primary factors that control the stress distribution in the study area, which further determine the fracture distribution in the stable Ordos Basin. The predicted fracture density and the two-factor method can be utilized to guide future exploration in the tight-sand reservoirs.

Origin and depositional model of deep-water lacustrine sandstone deposits in the 7th and 6th members of the Yanchang Formation(Late Triassic),Binchang area,Ordos Basin,China

Sandstones attributed to different lacustrine sediment gravity flows are present in the 7th and 6th members of the Yanchang Formation in the Ordos Basin, China. These differences in their origins led to different sandstone distributions which control the scale and connectivity of oil and gas reservoirs. Numerous cores and outcrops were analysed to understand the origins of these sandstones. The main origin of these sandstones was analysed by statistical methods, and well logging data were used to study their vertical and horizontal distributions. Results show that the sandstones in the study area accu- mulated via sandy debris flows, turbidity currents and slumping, and sandy debris flows predominate. The sand- stone associated with a single event is characteristically small in scale and exhibits poor lateral continuity. How- ever, as a result of multiple events that stacked gravity flow-related sandstones atop one another, sandstones are extensive overall, as illustrated in the cross section and isopach maps. Finally, a depositional model was developed in which sandy debris flows predominated and various other types of small-scale gravity flows occurred frequently, resulting in extensive deposition of sand bodies across a large area.

Mechanoresponsive MiR-138-5p Targets MACF1 to Inhibit Bone Formation

Mechanical stimuli play an essential role in maintaining bone remodeling and skeletal integrity.Meanwhile,bone can respond to the changes of mechanical condition to adjust its mass and architecture.Clinical studies discover that bedridden patients showed osteoporotic T-scores and low bone mineral density,and long-term immobilized patients presented reduced markers of bone formation.However,as bone formation mediated by osteoblast differentiation is a complex process,the underlying molecular mechanism of mechanical stimuli regulating bone formation is still unclear.Recent evidences show that microRNAs(miRNAs)are involved in mechanical stimuli regulating bone formation or osteoblast differentiation.Nevertheless,no direct evidence identifies mechanoresponsive miRNA in both human and animal bones,and clarifies its mechanoresponsive role under different mechanical conditions(e.g.mechanical unloading,reloading,loading).In the current study,we screened for differentially expressed miRNAs in bone specimens of bedridden patients with fractures,then identified that the expression of miR-138-5p,but not the other miRNAs,altered withbedridden time and was negatively correlated with the expression of the bone formation marker genes Alp(alkaline phosphatase).Moreover,miR-138-5p was up-regulated with reduced bone formation during unloading and down-regulated with increased bone formation during reloading in hind4imb unloaded mice.In addition,miR-138-5p was verified to be responsive to different mechanical unloading condition and cyclic mechanical stretch condition in primary osteogenic cells,respectively.Further in vitro data suggested that mechanoresponsive miR-138-5p directly targeted microtubule actin crosslinking factor 1(MACF1)to inhibit osteoblast differentiation.In vivo,we constructed an osteoblastic miR-138-5p transgenic mice model(TG138)with the Runx2promoter,and found that overexpression miR-138-5p supressed bone formation.Moreover,osteoblast-targeted inhibition of miR-138-5p sensitized bone anabolic response to mechanical loading in TG138 mice.Predominantly,the osteoblast-targeted inhibition of miR-138-5p could counteract bone formation reduction induced by hind limb unloading.Taken together,the mechanoresponsive miR-138-5p inhibited bone anabolic response for developing a novel bone anabolic sensitization strategy.

Equilibrium configurations of the tethered three-body formation system and their nonlinear dynamics

This paper considers nonlinear dynamics of teth- ered three-body formation system with their centre of mass staying on a circular orbit around the Earth, and applies the theory of space manifold dynamics to deal with the nonlinear dynamical behaviors of the equilibrium configurations of the system. Compared with the classical circular restricted three body system, sixteen equilibrium configurations are obtained globally from the geometry of pseudo-potential energy sur- face, four of which were omitted in the previous research. The periodic Lyapunov orbits and their invariant manifolds near the hyperbolic equilibria are presented, and an iteration procedure for identifying Lyapunov orbit is proposed based on the differential correction algorithm. The non-transversal intersections between invariant manifolds are addressed to generate homoclinic and heteroclinic trajectories between the Lyapunov orbits. （3,3）- and （2,1）-heteroclinic trajecto- ries from the neighborhood of one collinear equilibrium to that of another one, and （3,6）- and （2,1）-homoclinic trajecto- ries from and to the neighborhood of the same equilibrium, are obtained based on the Poincar6 mapping technique.

Low-temperature heat capacities and standard molar enthalpy of formation of 4-(2-aminoethyl)-phenol (C_8H_(11)NO)

This paper reports that low-temperature heat capacities of 4-（2-aminoethyl）-phenol （C8H11NO） are measured by a precision automated adiabatic calorimeter over the temperature range from 78 to 400 K. A polynomial equation of heat capacities as a function of the temperature was fitted by the least square method. Based on the fitted polynomial, the smoothed heat capacities and thermodynamic functions of the compound relative to the standard reference temperature 298.15K were calculated and tabulated at the interval of 5K. The energy equivalent, εcalor, of the oxygen-bomb combustion calorimeter has been determined from 0.68g of NIST 39i benzoic acid to be εcalor=（14674.69±17.49）J·K^-1. The constant-volume energy of combustion of the compound at T=298.15 K was measured by a precision oxygen-bomb combustion calorimeter to be ΔcU=-（32374.25±12.93）J·g^-1. The standard molar enthalpy of combustion for the compound was calculated to be ΔcHm = -（4445.47 ± 1.77） kJ·mol^-1 according to the definition of enthalpy of combustion and other thermodynamic principles. Finally, the standard molar enthalpy of formation of the compound was derived to be ΔfHm（C8H11NO, s）=-（274.68 ±2.06） kJ·mol^-1, in accordance with Hess law.

Semi-numerical simulation of reionization with semi-analytical modeling of galaxy formation

In a semi-numerical model of reionization, the evolution of ionization fraction is approximately simulated by the criterion of ionizing photon to baryon ratio. We incorporate a semi-analytical model of galaxy formation based on the Millennium II N-body simulation into the semi-numerical modeling of reionization. The semianalytical model is used to predict the production of ionizing photons, then we use the semi-numerical method to model the reionization process. Such an approach allows more detailed modeling of the reionization, and also connects observations of galaxies at low and high redshifts to the reionization history. The galaxy formation model we use was designed to match the low-z observations, and it also fits the high redshift luminosity function reasonably well, but its prediction about star formation falls below the observed value, and we find that it also underpredicts the stellar ionizing photon production rate, hence the reionization cannot be completed at z ~ 6. We also consider simple modifications of the model with more top heavy initial mass functions, which can allow the reionization to occur at earlier epochs. The incorporation of the semi-analytical model may also affect the topology of the HI regions during the epoch of reionization, and the neutral regions produced by our simulations with the semi-analytical model, which appeared less poriferous than the simple halo-based models.

Long-term effects of main-body's obliquity on satellite formation perturbed by third-body gravity in elliptical and inclined orbit

A new non-simplified model of formation flying is derived in the presence of an oblate main- body and third-body perturbation. In the proposed model, considering the perturbation of the third- body in an inclined orbit, the effect of obliquity （axial tilt） of the main-body is becoming important and has been propounded in the absolute motion of a reference satellite and the relative motion of a follower satellite. From a new point of view, J2 perturbed relative motion equations and considering a disturbing body in an elliptic inclined three dimensional orbit, are derived using Lagrangian mechanics based on accurate introduced perturbed reference satellite motion. To validate the accuracy of the model presented in this study, an auxiliary model was constructed as the Main-body Center based Relative Motion （MCRM） model. Finally, the importance of the main-body＇s obliquity is demonstrated by several examples related to the Earth-Moon system in relative motion and lunar satellite formation keeping. The main-body＇s obliquity has a remarkable effect on formation keeping in the examined in-track and projected circular orbit （PCO） formations.

Probing star formation and feedback using CCOSMA and archival data in the CFG028.68–0.28 quasi-sinusoidal filament

We have performed a multi-wavelength study toward a quasi-sinusoidal filament(CFG028.68–0.28). A new large-scale ^12CO J = 3-2 map was obtained from the China-Cologne Observation for Sub Millimeter Astronomy(CCOSMA) 3m radio telescope. Based on the ATLASGAL catalog, we have identified 27 dust clumps in the filament. Through the relationship between the mass and radius of these clumps, 67% of these clumps are dense and massive enough to potentially form massive stars. The obtained CFE is ~11% in the filament. The filament has a linear mass density of ~305 M⊙pc^-1, which is smaller than its critical mass to length ratio. This suggests that the external pressure from the neighboring H Ⅱ regions may help prevent the filament from dispersing under the effects of turbulence. Comparing the energy injection from outflows and H Ⅱ regions in the filament, the ionization feedback from the H Ⅱ regions can help maintain the observed turbulence.

Acid-base behavior of cryptand 1, 4, 7, 10, 13, 16, 21, 24-octaaza-bicyclo [8, 8, 8] hexacosan-3, 8, 12, 17, 20, 25-hexone and complex formation

The bicyclic cryptand 1,4,7, 10,13,16,21, 24-octaaza-bigcyclo [8, 8,8] hexacosan-3, 8, 12, 17, 20, 25-hex-one (COBH) bearing diaminoethane groups along the eight-atom bridges was synthesized. The structure consists of discrete neutral macrobicyclic units; the two cycles share the two tertiary amine nitrogen atoms, which exhibit an endo-cndo conformation. Three identical branches formed by 1, 2-diaminoethane link the two tertiary amine groups. The protonation reactions of cryptand (COBH) and its complex formation with copper (II) were investigated by potentiometry in water and in a DMSO/water (80:20 in mass ratio) mixture as solvents. The cryptand acts as a his-base through its two N-bridgehead and exhibits a strong cooperativity that favors the first protonation and makes the second one difficult (△pK= 5.0). An inward rotation of the amide groups to form hydrogen bonds accounts for this cooperativity. The interaction of COBH with copper (II) leads to several binuclear complex proton contents.

A Novel Cellular Autoaggregative Developmentally CRP Regulated Behaviour Generates Massively Chondrule-Like Formations over Surface of Old <i>Escherichia coli</i>K-12 Macrocolony Biofilms

How Escherichia coli bacteria develop a particular colonial, 3-D biofilm morphological pattern is still a poorly understood process. Recently, we reported a new E. coli K-12 morphotype exhibited by old macrocolonies described as volcano-like. The formative developmental process of this morphotype has been presented as a suitable experimental model for the study of 3D patterning in macrocolony biofilms. Here, we report the optical microscopy observations and genetic analysis that have unveiled the existence of a novel autoaggregative behaviour which generates massive lumpiness over the surface of the volcano-like macrocolonies. These lumpy formations are generated by the autoaggregation and strong interaction of tightly packed bacterial cells in structures with a chondrule-like appearance which give the colony’s surface its characteristic microscopic lumpy phenotype. Furthermore, they exhibit different levels of maturation from the edge to the center of the colony. Hence, its generation appears to follow a spatiotemporal program of development during the macrocolony’s morphogenesis. Interestingly, the agar’s hardness influences the morphology exhibited by these formations, with high agar concentration (1.5%, 15 g/L) suppressing its development. This new auto-aggregative E. coli’s behaviour does not require the activity of the biofilm master regulator CsgD, the adhesiveness of flagella, pili type 1, adhesin Ag43, β-1,6-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine polymer-PGA, cellulose or colanic acid, but it is under glucose repression and the control of cAMP receptor protein (CRP). The possible physiological role of these chondrule-like formations in the adaptability of the colony to different stressful environmental conditions is discussed.

“被-”格式的演变轨迹及其语义模式

在当代汉语新词语中,2009年4月问世的"被-"格式衍生的新词数量最多。对这一典型格式进行深入考察,无论是对汉语新词语研究还是词汇语义学,都具有理论和方法上的重要价值。1."被-"格式的演变轨迹为三阶段:"被××"成为"自为行为致使"表达式导致"被-"的语义偏离→"被××"生出"遭遇虚假事件"表达式引发"被-"的语义转化→"被-"格式后接成分多样化促使"被-"的语义进一步衍化。2."被-"格式包括致使、遭受、蒙受等语义模式。3."被-"格式的表达特点可概括为:所指现象的否定性、所持态度的不满性、所言风格的调侃性。

北淮阳早白垩世金刚台组火山岩LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄及地层对比

金刚台组火山岩是北淮阳中生代火山岩带的重要组成部分。本文选取金刚台组流纹英安岩、英安岩和安山岩，用LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb法进行年龄测定，结果显示，上述样品的成岩年龄分别为127.5±0.6 Ma、124.8±2.3 Ma和123.3±0.7 Ma。表明金刚台组火山岩形成于早白垩世，晚于商城岩体。北淮阳地区火山岩年龄统计结果表明，该地区火山岩形成年龄相似，均在133.1～122 Ma。通过地层对比，发现北淮阳地区早白垩世发育的大面积火山岩在火山活动类型和岩石组合成岩年龄等方面都十分一致，火山活动以中心式喷发为主，范围绵延整个北淮阳地区，形成了北淮阳地区早白垩世火山岩带，从西到东不存在时间上的先后关系，但火山岩的酸性程度逐渐降低，暗示其岩浆源区逐渐变深、地幔物质的参与逐渐增多。

PHYSICAL MODELING FOR THE MECHANISMS OF BEAD FORMATION DEFECTS BASED ON THE STABILITY OF LIQUID METAL

Based on the theory of stability of the liquid metal under the action of surface tension,a physical mod- el is established for the mechanisms of the bead formation deferct' humping', which is generated during high - speed welding.A boundary function is introduced to correct the model,theoretical results got by the model correspond well with the experimental phenomena. A two - dimensional conducting model is adoopted in the simulation of the temperature field during high - speed welding.Finally, the factors acting upon the stability of liquid metal are analyzed.

Study on oil–source correlation by analyzing organic geochemistry characteristics: a case study of the Upper Triassic Yanchang Formation in the south of Ordos Basin, China

In the south of the Ordos Basin, the oil source of the Upper Triassic Yanchang Formation is confused all the time, which affects further exploration. In this study, oil sources from the oil layers of Ch6, Ch8 and Ch9 are all analyzed and confirmed. Through their carbon isotope value and biomarkers, characteristics of crude oils from the Yanchang Formation are analyzed. Then, the oil–source relation is discussed, with the source rocks' features.Finally, the oil–source relation is calculated through cluster analysis. It is believed that the oils from the Yanchang Formation deposit in a similar redox environment, with weak oxidation–weak reduction, and have all entered maturity stage. Ch9 crude oil is more mature than crude oils from Ch6 and Ch8, and has more advanced plants and fewer algae. Gas chromatography(GC) and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry(GC–MS) analysis show that crude oils from Ch6 and Ch8 may come from Ch7, and Ch9 crude oil may not. Cluster analysis displays that crude oils from Ch6 and Ch8 have closer squared Euclidean distance with Ch7 source rocks than Ch9 crude oil does,indicating crude oils from Ch6 and Ch8 stem from Ch7 source rocks. And Ch9 crude oil has rather close squared Euclidean distance with Ch9 source rocks, illustrating Ch9 crude oil may be from Ch9 source rocks. This research may provide the theoretical basis for the next exploration deploy in the south of Ordos Basin.

Impact of formation water on the generation of H2S in condensate reservoirs： a case study from the deep Ordovician in the Tazhong Uplift of the Tarim Basin, NW China

A number of condensate reservoirs with high concentrations of H2S have been discovered in the deep dolomite reservoirs of the lower Ordovician Yingshan Formation（O1y） in the Tazhong Uplift, where the formation water has a high p H value. In the O1y reservoir, the concentrations of Mg^2＋ and SO4^2-in the formation water are higher than those in the upper Ordovician formation.The concentration of H2 S in the condensate reservoirs and the concentration of Mg^2＋in the formation water correlate well in the O1y reservoirs of the Tazhong Uplift, which indicates a presumed thermochemical sulfate reduction（TSR） origin of H2S according to the oxidation theory of contact ion-pairs（CIPs）. Besides, the p H values of the formation water are positively correlated with the concentration of H2S in the condensate reservoirs, which may indicate that high p H might be another factor to promote and maintain TSR. Oil–source correlation of biomarkers in the sulfuretted condensates indicates the Cambrian source rocks could be the origin of condensates. The formation water in the condensate reservoirs of O1y is similar to that in the Cambrian; therefore, the TSR of sulfate-CIPs likelyoccurred in the Cambrian. High H2S-bearing condensates are mainly located near the No. 1 Fault and NE-SW strikeslip faults, which are the major migration pathway of deep fluids in the Tazhong Uplift. The redox between sulfateCIPs and hydrocarbons is the generation mechanism of H2S in the deep dolomite condensate reservoirs of the Tazhong Uplift. This finding should be helpful to predict the fluid properties of deep dolomite reservoirs.

Burial and thermal maturity modeling of the Middle Cretaceous-Early Miocene petroleum system,Iranian sector of the Persian Gulf

The Cretaceous Kazhdumi and Gurpi forma- tions, Ahmadi Member of the Sarvak Formation, and Paleogene Pabdeh Formation are important source rock candidates of the Middle Cretaceous-Early Miocene pet- roleum system in the Persian Gulf. This study characterizes generation potential, type of organic matter, and thermal maturity of 262 cutting samples （marls and argillaceous limestones） from these rock units taken from 16 fields in the Iranian sector of the Persian Gulf. In addition, the burial and thermal histories of these source rocks were analyzed by one-dimensional basin modeling. Based on the total organic carbon and genetic potential values, fair hydro- carbon generation potential is suggested for the studied samples. Based on Tma~ and vitrinite reflectance values, the studied samples are thermally immature to mature for hydrocarbon generation. The generated models indicate that studied source rocks are immature in central wells. The Gurpi and Pabdeh formations are immature and the Ahmadi Member and Kazhdumi Formation are early mature in the western wells. The Pabdeh Formation is within the main oil window and other source rocks are at the late oil window in the eastern wells. The hydrocarbon expulsion from the source rocks began after deposition of related caprocks which ensures entrapment and preserva- tion of migrated hydrocarbon.

DFT Study on Molecule C_(20)H_(10): Five Carbon-carbon Single Bonds Linking Two Pentaprismane Cages

Using geometry optimization and DFT method at the B3LYP/6-31G* level for C20H10, an equilibrium geometry is identified to have the form of polyhedral hydrocarbon with five carbon-carbon single bonds linking two pentaprismane cages. Thus, C20H10 is a tri-cage molecule with three pentaprismane cages. Vibrational frequencies and infrared spectrum are computed at the same level. The heat of formation for this molecule has also been estimated in this paper.

History of Star Formation and Chemical Enrichment in the Milky Way Disk

Based on a physical treatment of the star formation law similar to that given by Efstathiou, we have improved our two-component chemical evolution model for the Milky Way disk. Two gas infall rates are compared, one exponential, one Gaussian. It is shown that the star formation law adopted in this paper depends more strongly on the gas surface density than that in Chang et al. It has large effects on the history of star formation and gas evolution of the whole disk. In the solar neighborhood, the history of chemical evolution and star formation is not sensitive to whether the infall rate is Gaussian or exponential. For the same infall time scale, both forms predict the same behavior for the current properties of the Galactic disk. The model predictions do depend on whether or not the infall time scale varies with the radius, but current available observations cannot decide which case is the more realistic. Our results also show that it would be inadequate to describe the gradient evolution along the Galactic disk by only one word "flatter" or "steeper", as was suggested by Hou et al. and Chiapinni et al. We point out that both the absolute value and the evolution of the abundance gradient may be different in the inner and outer regions.