On August 14th,2007 the Certification and Accreditation Administration of the PRC organized "APEC (The Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation) HACCP (Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point) Standards and Accre... On August 14th,2007 the Certification and Accreditation Administration of the PRC organized "APEC (The Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation) HACCP (Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point) Standards and Accreditation Training Class" in Beijing.……展开更多
Background:The U.S.Air Force physical fitness assessment(PFA)is used to determine the overall fitness of their personnel.It is currently unknown to what extent the PFA scores of Reserve Officers’Training Corps(ROTC)c...Background:The U.S.Air Force physical fitness assessment(PFA)is used to determine the overall fitness of their personnel.It is currently unknown to what extent the PFA scores of Reserve Officers’Training Corps(ROTC)cadets are affected by mandatory physical training.The purpose of this investigation was to longitudinally examine the PFAs of ROTC cadets over a four-year period,evaluate the results across class ranks,and evaluate the sensitivity of the classification of the tests.Methods:Air Force ROTC cadets performed the PFAs(abdominal circumference,1-min pushups,1-min sit-ups,and a 1.5-mile run)in both the spring(n=26)and fall(n=22)semesters.PFAs were compiled over a four-year period(Spring 2014–Fall 2017)and were performed in accordance with Air Force Instruction 36–2905.A oneway repeated measures ANOVA was performed separately for the fall and spring groups for each dependent variable across the 4 years.Additionally,a one-way between groups ANOVA was performed for each dependent variable during the time point(fall 2015;n=46)with the most recorded cadets for each class rank.Results:Longitudinal assessments revealed a main effect of time(P=0.010)on abdominal circumference;cadets had a smaller abdominal circumference in their freshman year than in their senior year.A main effect of time(P=0.006)was also observed on sit-up quantity;cadets performed more sit-ups in their junior year than in their freshman year.Examining between class ranks during the same year(between-subjects ANOVA)revealed a main effect of class rank on sit-up quantity(P=0.003);the freshmen completed fewer repetitions than the sophomores(P=0.018)and the juniors did(P=0.001).Conclusions:The results indicated that only the sit-up component showed differences between class ranks.These findings suggest that the Air Force PFA may not be sensitive enough to detect changes in physical fitness or distinguish between class ranks regarding physical performance,even after years of training.This limitation may be in part due to the limited duration of training incorporated by the ROTC program(2 h per week),which provided a maintenance effect rather than improvement in physical performance.We recommend that more attention be directed to the efficacy of physical training,the sensitivity of measures included in the PFA,or both.展开更多
Under the"One Belt One Road”initiative,China and Germany have become closer in cooperation and have made substantial progress in the fields of economy,trade,culture,science,and technology.The close cooperation b...Under the"One Belt One Road”initiative,China and Germany have become closer in cooperation and have made substantial progress in the fields of economy,trade,culture,science,and technology.The close cooperation between China and Germany has raised the demands for diversified German-speaking talents.After years of development and continuous exploration,China's educational institutions with German majors have established a mature talent training model but it is not enough to meet the country's growing demands for applied talents along with the economic development.With the advancement of the national education reform,many majors in various schools are thinking of reform plans suitable for their own development.Although German as a uminor^^language major is not very widely used,it plays an active and effective role in China's trade and cultural exchanges.Hence,there is a need to comprehensively improve students9 overall quality,advocate diversified training methods,adopt German-English bilingualism and professional German teaching methods,increase the cooperation of education between companies and institutions,as well as strive to train more applied German-speaking talents for the country.展开更多
基金Supported by National High Technology Research and Development Program of China （863 Program） （2008AA040201）, National Natural Science Foundation of China （90920302）, National Science and Technology Pillar Program of China （2009BAH41B01）, National Natural Science Foundation of China and Research Grants Council of Hong Kong （60931160443） The authors thank Michael T. Johnson in the Depart- ment of Electrical Engineering, Marquette University in USA for the experiments suggestion and helping to improve the English writing.
文摘 On August 14th,2007 the Certification and Accreditation Administration of the PRC organized "APEC (The Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation) HACCP (Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point) Standards and Accreditation Training Class" in Beijing.……
文摘Background:The U.S.Air Force physical fitness assessment(PFA)is used to determine the overall fitness of their personnel.It is currently unknown to what extent the PFA scores of Reserve Officers’Training Corps(ROTC)cadets are affected by mandatory physical training.The purpose of this investigation was to longitudinally examine the PFAs of ROTC cadets over a four-year period,evaluate the results across class ranks,and evaluate the sensitivity of the classification of the tests.Methods:Air Force ROTC cadets performed the PFAs(abdominal circumference,1-min pushups,1-min sit-ups,and a 1.5-mile run)in both the spring(n=26)and fall(n=22)semesters.PFAs were compiled over a four-year period(Spring 2014–Fall 2017)and were performed in accordance with Air Force Instruction 36–2905.A oneway repeated measures ANOVA was performed separately for the fall and spring groups for each dependent variable across the 4 years.Additionally,a one-way between groups ANOVA was performed for each dependent variable during the time point(fall 2015;n=46)with the most recorded cadets for each class rank.Results:Longitudinal assessments revealed a main effect of time(P=0.010)on abdominal circumference;cadets had a smaller abdominal circumference in their freshman year than in their senior year.A main effect of time(P=0.006)was also observed on sit-up quantity;cadets performed more sit-ups in their junior year than in their freshman year.Examining between class ranks during the same year(between-subjects ANOVA)revealed a main effect of class rank on sit-up quantity(P=0.003);the freshmen completed fewer repetitions than the sophomores(P=0.018)and the juniors did(P=0.001).Conclusions:The results indicated that only the sit-up component showed differences between class ranks.These findings suggest that the Air Force PFA may not be sensitive enough to detect changes in physical fitness or distinguish between class ranks regarding physical performance,even after years of training.This limitation may be in part due to the limited duration of training incorporated by the ROTC program(2 h per week),which provided a maintenance effect rather than improvement in physical performance.We recommend that more attention be directed to the efficacy of physical training,the sensitivity of measures included in the PFA,or both.
文摘Under the"One Belt One Road”initiative,China and Germany have become closer in cooperation and have made substantial progress in the fields of economy,trade,culture,science,and technology.The close cooperation between China and Germany has raised the demands for diversified German-speaking talents.After years of development and continuous exploration,China's educational institutions with German majors have established a mature talent training model but it is not enough to meet the country's growing demands for applied talents along with the economic development.With the advancement of the national education reform,many majors in various schools are thinking of reform plans suitable for their own development.Although German as a uminor^^language major is not very widely used,it plays an active and effective role in China's trade and cultural exchanges.Hence,there is a need to comprehensively improve students9 overall quality,advocate diversified training methods,adopt German-English bilingualism and professional German teaching methods,increase the cooperation of education between companies and institutions,as well as strive to train more applied German-speaking talents for the country.
