A Novel Black Box Based Behavioral Model of Power Amplifier for WCDMA Applications

In this paper, Black Box approach is presented for behavioral modeling of a non linear power amplifier with memory effects. Large signal parameters of a Motorola LDMOS power amplifier driven by a WCDMA signal were extracted while taking into considerations the power amplifier’s bandwidth. The proposed model was validated based on the simulated data. Some validation results are presented both in the time and frequency domains, using WCDMA signal.

Influence of Diet Behavior on Insulin Resistance in Hypertensive Black Sub-Saharan Africans: A Multicentric, Cross-Sectional Study

Background: Insulin resistance (IR) is the backbone of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). The latter are the most common non-communicable diseases globally. Diet is an important determinant of CVDs. The link between diet and cardiovascular health could be explained by an association between diet pattern and IR. Aims: To investigate the association between salt and specific food consumption as well as different diet patterns (Mediterranean, westernized, and intermediate dietary patterns) with HOMAIR as a surrogate marker of IR, and fasting insulin in Black, sub-Saharan essential hypertensive patients. Methods: The multicentric, cross-sectional analysis involved 77 Congolese Black hypertensive participants with no history of cardiovascular disease. Daily sodium chloride intake (NaCl g/24h) was estimated from 24-hour urine collection. Dietary behaviours were evaluated through a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMAIR) ≥ 2.5 was used as surrogate marker of IR. Results: A decrease in weekly consumption of fruits, vegetables and fish would significantly explain an increase of 29% (r = 0.292;p = 0.010), 24% (r = 0.242;p = 0.034) and 23% (r = 0.226;p = 0.048) of the value of HOMAIR respectively. In contrast, an increase in daily sodium chloride intake was associated with 28% (r = 0.283, p = 0.027) of the increase in HOMAIR. Also, a decrease in the average weekly consumption of fruit, vegetables and fish would significantly explain an increase of 25% (r = 0.247;p = 0.030), 30% (r = 0.302;p = 0.008) and 31% (r = 0.313;p = 0.006) of fasting insulin. In contrast, an increase in red meat consumption was associated with a 26% increase (r = 0.257, p = 0.024) in fasting insulin. In multivariable adjusted analysis 45% of variation in fasting insulin (R2 = 0.452;overall p = 0.005) were explained by fruits, vegetables and fish consumption. 38% of variation in HOMAIR (R2 = 0.379;overall p = 0.047) were explained by fruits and vegetable consumption and daily sodium chloride intake (NaCl g/24h). Conclusions: In hypertensive Black sub-Saharan Africans, Salt intake and westernized diet seem to promote insulin resistance whereas Mediterranean diet, fruits, vegetables and fish consumption enhance insulin sensitivity.

Interrelation between Seasonal Grazing Behavior of Guizhou Black Goat and Grassland Productivity

In order to discover the relationship of the Guizhou black goat seasona grazing behavior traits and grassland productivity, the varieties of grazing behavior of Guizhou black goat and its relationship with the grassland productivity under different grazing intensity in all seasons on Guizhou karst artificial grassland were studied. Obvious differences for goat grazing behavior were found under differen grazing intensity in either the same season or different seasons. The grazing behav ior in the same season showed that it could significantly reduce the mouth eating grass within 5 minutes, each step number, feeding speed, each food intake, daily feed intake（P0.05） under high grazing intensity. In different seasons, it could in crease the feeding time within 5 min, marching step, standing time and intake（P0.05） in the spring; while in the summer, it could improve intake mouth number each mouth eating grass number and feeding rate（P0.05）. It had no obvious dif ference in ruminant behavior parameters in the same season under different grazing intensity, but in different seasons, it can obviously increase ruminant within 5 minutes, number of ruminant feed group（P0.05） in the spring, and it can obviously in crease the time and number of each food group chew（P0.05） in the summer. The correlation analysis of main goat grazing behavior parameter showed that it had good correlation among other parameters except within 5 min walk time, each feed intake and daily feed intake（P0.05）.The relationship between goat grazing behavio parameters and grassland productivity showed that, the foraging time and standing time within 5 min were lower in the medium level of grassland productivity, while number of food intake, every step to eat grass and daily feed intake were higher with increasing grassland productivity, goats feeding speed was reduced, but each intake was increased.

Internal Whistle-Blowing Intentions： A Study of Demographic and Individual Factors

Internal auditors hold a unique position in their organizations to prevent, deter, and detect corporate wrongdoings. However, the role of this profession in investigating their ethical decision-making behaviors towards internal whistle-blowing intentions has been very often neglected. Furthermore, although extensive researches have been undertaken on the issue of whistle blowing globally, empirical studies on this area are still scarce in Malaysia. This paper examines internal whistle-blowing intentions among internal auditors in Malaysia by utilizing three independent vignettes. A mail survey was conducted to investigate demographic and individual factors that could influence internal auditors＇ ethical decision-making processes. The likelihood for internal whistle-blowing intentions was significant among internal auditors＇ ethical judgments for all the three vignettes. Demographic factors （gender, age, and tenure） and other individual factors （locus of control and organizational commitment） failed to explain the likelihood of internal auditors＇ internal whistle-blowing intentions. Findings should aid researchers in their understandings of the determinants of individuals＇ internal whistle-blowing behaviors.

Critical Behavior of Black Holes in an Einstein-Maxwell Gravity with a Conformal Anomaly

We study the P V critical behavior of a four-dimensional AdS black hole in an Einstein Maxwell gravity with a conformal anomaly by treating the cosmological constant as a variable that is related to the thermodynamic pressure, It is shown that there will be no phase transition if k = 0 or -1 are taken. When the charge ql of the conformal field and the coefficient α satisfy a certain relation, the van de Waals like phase transition for the spherical black hole can occur where the temperature is lower than the small critical temperature or higher than the large one. We also evaluate the critical exponents of the phase transitions and find that the thermodynamic exponents associated with this four-dimensional AdS black hole coincide with those of the van de Waals fluid.

Resistivity-Temperature Behavior of CB-Filled HDPE Foaming Composites

High-density polyethylene/carbon black foaming conductive composites were prepared from acetylene black（ACEY） and super conductive carbon black（HG-1P） as conductive filler, low-density polyethylene（LDPE） as the second component, ethylene-vinyl acetate（EVA） and ethylene propylene rubber（EPR） as the third component, azobisformamide（AC） as foamer, and dicumyl peroxide（DCP） as cross-linker. The structure and resistivity-temperature behavior of high-density polyethylene（HDPE）/CB foaming conductive composites were investigated. Influences of carbon black, LDPE, EVA, EPR, AC, and DCP on the foaming performance and resistivity-temperature behavior of HDPE/CB foaming conductive composites were also studied. The results reveal that HDPE/CB foaming conductive composite exhibits better switching characteristic; ACET-filled HDPE foaming conductive composite displays better positive temperature coefficient（PYC） effect; whereas super conductive carbon black（HG-1P）-filled HDPE foaming conductive composite shows better negative temperature coefficient（NTC） effect.

Lay Perceptions about Tuberculosis among Non-UK-Born Black Africans in the United Kingdom

Background: Tuberculosis among non-UK-born Black Africans has been gradually recognized as a public health problem in the UK despite the various interventions implemented. Objectives: To explore the perceptions of non-UK-born Black Africans about TB health risk;to explore the health seeking behavior of the non-UK-born Black Africans in relation to TB and to explore lay views on TB health education and screening as opportunities for health promotion. Methodology and Study Design: A qualitative methodology was used on a purposively selected sample of 12 non-UK-born Black Africans living in Leeds. Face-to-face interviews were conducted to explore the lay perceptions about TB. Thematic analysis was used to derive important themes in accordance to the study objectives. Ethical approval was provided by Leeds Metropolitan University. Setting: Community setting of non-UK-born Black Africans in Leeds, UK. Results: This population holds mixed views and perceptions about tuberculosis, few facilitators and many barriers existed to current TB prevention efforts. The barriers included: language barriers, barriers related to services and systems, immigration status and stigma despite the benefits involved. The potential for black African communities to readily increase the likelihood of behavior change was found as an important finding for this study. Conclusions: Tuberculosis is a preventable public health problem. Involvement of the non-UK-born black Africans communities in the TB prevention may be beneficial for reducing and tackling TB rates in this population. Such an approach is potentially inexpensive and more readily implementable than other suggested strategies such as changes to immigration policies.

Thermodynamic Curvature and Phase Transitions from Black Hole with a Coulomb-Like Field

In this paper, we first investigate the thermodynamic features of the black hole with a coulomb-like field. Moreover, we obtain the geometric description of the black hole thermodynamics. We find that for the black hole with a coulomb-like field the Weinhold geometry is fiat, whereas its Ruppeiner geometry is curved. For the heat capacity and curvature calculation shows the Ruppeiner geometry has a transition point.

山大齿猛蚁和日本弓背蚁对小地老虎的捕食行为

【目的】小地老虎(Agrotis ipsilon)是粮食和经济作物的重要地下害虫之一。论文旨在明确山大齿猛蚁(Odontomachus monticola)和日本弓背蚁(Camponotus japonicus)对小地老虎的捕食特性,丰富小地老虎生物防治技术手段,降低小地老虎防治成本与化学农药用量。【方法】在猎物被土壤覆盖和裸露两种自然条件下,观察并统计山大齿猛蚁和日本弓背蚁在1、6、12、24和48 h内对不同虫态小地老虎的捕食选择性、捕食方式以及捕食致死率;在室内,利用两种蚂蚁的试验种群开展捕食行为序列特征研究。通过统计分析,明确两种蚂蚁捕食行为差异及控害特点。【结果】日本弓背蚁对小地老虎卵的致死率较低,48 h累计致死率仅为12.67%;山大齿猛蚁不取食小地老虎卵。两种蚂蚁对小地老虎幼虫和蛹的控制效果超过49%,最高达98.67%,且控制效果随小地老虎龄期增长而降低。山大齿猛蚁和日本弓背蚁捕食行为序列存在一定差异:两种蚂蚁对小地老虎低龄幼虫均以直接搬运为主;对体型较大的小地老虎高龄幼虫,日本弓背蚁具有试探、攻击、召唤同伴、猎物切割、群体搬运等行为,呈现出明显的群体性行为;而山大齿猛蚁对大型猎物的捕食行为较为单一,未观察到召唤同伴、群体搬运等行为,群体捕食行为不明显。两种蚂蚁对小地老虎捕食行为的差异也体现在捕食方式和对小地老虎的致死率方面:日本弓背蚁对小地老虎低龄幼虫多直接搬运回巢,捕食效率极高,对小地老虎高龄幼虫多以集体捕猎;山大齿猛蚁捕猎小地老虎高龄幼虫时丢弃比例较高,但因叮咬蜇刺,逃脱捕猎的小地老虎幼虫死亡率较高。此外,土壤覆盖极大地影响蚂蚁对小地老虎幼虫的发现,山大齿猛蚁和日本弓背蚁仅能发现地表猎物,不具备探测地下猎物的能力。【结论】日本弓背蚁和山大齿猛蚁对小地老虎幼虫和蛹均有较好的控制作用,小地老虎虫龄越低控制效果越好,两种蚂蚁对小地老虎高龄幼虫捕食行为存在一定差异,但不影响对小地老虎的控制效果。

黑河市农户参与黑土地保护的意愿分析

为探究农户意愿与黑土地保护之间的关系,本研究以黑河市农户为黑土地保护意愿分析的样本,基于计划行为理论视角,选用多元有序Logistic分析模型,选取计划行为理论中行为态度、主观规范、知觉行为控制的子变量作为刺激农户产生黑土地保护意愿的主要影响因素。研究发现:农户是否参加过农技培训、农户的耕地规模,农户认为黑土地保护的必要性、农户对黑土地保护成效的满意度、对目前耕地环境的满意度、区域对黑土地保护的宣传次数等因素对黑河市农户参与黑土地保护的意愿有显著性影响。基于分析结果,本研究从加大黑河市黑土地保护的教育宣传、提供黑土地保护工作的技术支持、提高黑河市耕地规模并改善耕地环境等方面提出了推动农户参与黑土地保护意愿的对策。

Mating behaviors in ovoviviparous black rockfish(Sebastes schlegelii):molecular function of prostaglandin E2 as both a hormone and pheromone

Prostaglandins(PGs)are profound hormones in teleost sexual behavior,especially in mating.PGs act as pheromones that affect the olfactory sensory neurons of males,inducing the initiation of a series of mating behaviors.However,the molecular mechanism by which PGs trigger mating behavior in ovoviviparous teleosts is still unclear.In the present study,we employed the ovoviviparous black rockfish(Sebastes schlegelii),an economically important marine species whose reproductive production is limited by incomplete fertilization,as a model species.The results showed that when the dose of PGE2 was higher than 10 nmol/L,a significant(P<0.05)increase in mating behaviors was observed.Dual-fluorescence in situ hybridization indicated that PGE2 could fire specific neurons in different brain regions and receptor cells in the olfactory sac.After combining with specific neurons in the central nervous system(CNS),a series of genes related to reproduction are activated.The intracerebroventricular administration of PGE_(2) significantly increased lhb levels(P<0.05)in both sexes.Moreover,steroidogenesis in gonads was also affected,inducing an increase(P<0.05)in E_(2) levels in males and T levels in females.PGE_(2) levels were also increased significantly(P<0.05)in both sexes.The present study revealed that PGE2 can activate mating behavior in black rockfish in both hormone and pheromone pathways,leading to variations in sex steroid levels and activation of reproductive behaviors.Our results provide not only novel insight into the onset of mating behaviors in ovoviviparous teleosts but also solutions for the incomplete fertilization caused by natural mating in cage aquaculture.

On stability behaviors of 5D M-theory black objects

Using N=2 supergravity formalism,we investigate certain behaviors of five-dimensional black objects from the compactification of M-theory on a Calabi-Yau three-fold.The manifold has been constructed as the intersection of two homogeneous polynomials of degrees(ω+2,1)and(2,1)in a product of two weighted projective spaces given by WP^(4)(ω,1,1,1,1)×P^(1).First,we determine the allowed electric charge regions of the BPS and non BPS black holes obtained by wrapping M2-branes on appropriate two cycles in such a proposed Calabi-Yau three-fold.After that,we calculate the entropy of these solutions which takes a maximal value corresponding to ω=1 defining the ordinary projective space P^(4).For generic values of ω,we show that the non BPS states are unstable.Then,we conduct a similar study of five-dimensional black strings.Concerning the allowed magnetic charge regions of the BPS and non BPS black stringy solutions derived from M5-branes on dual divisors,we calculate the tension taking a minimal value for P^(4).By determining the recombination factor,we show that the non-BPS black string states are stable in the allowed regions in the magnetic charge space.

应变速率对炭黑填充丁苯硫化胶应力-应变行为的影响

橡胶材料的应力-应变行为是决定其应用性能的关键指标之一,不同使用条件特别是应变速率对橡胶材料的性能提出了不同的要求。从炭黑补强橡胶的角度出发,系统研究N330、N660和N774这3种炭黑填充丁苯硫化胶的应力-应变行为随应变速率的变化情况。实验发现,丁苯硫化胶的定伸应力均随应变速率增加而增加,且炭黑的补强性能越高定伸应力的增加幅度越大;对任一硫化胶,定伸应力的增长幅度均随应变的增加而减小;当应变达到某一临界值(如300%)时,应变速率对定伸应力增长幅度的影响趋于一致,与是否填充炭黑及炭黑的补强性能无关。在准静态的拉伸测试中,炭黑在橡胶基体中形成的网络化结构将随应变的增加而逐渐破坏,但破坏程度主要与应变大小有关而与应变速率无关。

气相白炭黑/炭黑并用填充加成型液体硅橡胶的性能研究

本文通过动态流变学测试,重点研究了气相白炭黑/炭黑并用对胶料物理机械性能、拉伸永久变形、体积电阻率和流变行为的影响。结果表明,在保持填料总用量不变的情况下,气相白炭黑/炭黑用量会显著影响胶料的物理机械性能;同时还会显著影响胶料的流变行为,表现出显著的“Payne效应”。随着应变的增加,胶料的储能模量呈数量级式的下降。当炭黑填充量为10 g时,形成稳定的导电通路。

当代中国竞技体育伦理失范及其规制

对中国竞技体育伦理失范现象进行阐述的基础上,分析认为功利主义的内在泛滥、市场化的外在冲击、道德教育的站位缺失及法规环境的规制不足是这些体育伦理失范现象产生的重要原因,指出体育伦理的失范现象会造成国家的国际形象受损,体育事业的健康发展受阻,有悖于和谐社会的构建。提出了加快体育领域的政府职能转型,完善体育道德教育体系,加强体育法规系统化建设,强化道德与法规的协同作用等规制路径。

我国足球裁判员管理现状与对策研究

运用文献资料法、专家访谈法、比较分析法对我国职业足球裁判员的管理现状———裁判员的选派办法及原则、裁判员的监督体制、收支状况及裁判员的处罚等进行了论述,指出存在的一些主要问题,并从裁判员的选拔上岗、财产监察制度、俱乐部财务管理、司法介入力度、监督部门的独立性、“中超”的建立、裁判的职业化及舆论监督等对我国裁判员的管理进行对策性研究,以期对我国足球的进一步深化改革有所裨益。

司法介入足球“黑哨”的刑法分析

“黑哨”的本质是权钱交易 ,符合受贿罪的行为特征 ,理应受到刑事处罚。足球裁判在中国足协这个社会团体工作 ,足球裁判权是合同上的权力 ,不是国家权力 ,这是由奥林匹克运动试图独立于法律的传统与体育的内在要求所决定的 ,得到了包括我国在内的多数国家法律的尊重。所以 ,足球裁判既不是国家工作人员 ,又不是公司、企业人员。因此 ,依我国现行刑法 ,足球裁判不能构成受贿罪与公司、企业人员受贿罪。这是刑法的漏洞 ,不能通过法律解释得到解决。及时修正刑法 ,扩大受贿罪的主体范围 ,是当务之急。

北京地区黑鹳越冬期的取食行为

2004年12月至2005年3月在北京十渡地区的二渡和涞水县野三坡两地采用目标取样法对越冬期黑鹳（Ciconia nigra）的取食行为进行了观察。每星期观察一次，累计观察246h。黑鹳觅食处水深5～40cm左右，以鱼类和螺类为食，其中鱼类占90％以上；平均每小时进食20次左右，黑鹳在两个研究地点取食的食物没何差别（P=0．439〉0．05）。黑鹳取食长度小于4cm的鱼类最多，占取食总次数的65．0％。成体和亚成体对不同大小鱼类的取食比例无差异（小于4cm的鱼类，P=0．513〉0．05；5～8cm，P=0．979〉0．05；≥9cm，P=0．657〉0．05）。在成体与亚成体对不同体型鱼类的搜寻时间中，成体搜寻较小食物的时剧短于亚成体（P=0．008〈0．05）。对食物的处理时间随着鱼类大小递增而延长，亚成体在处理较小食物上花费的时间相对较长（小于4cm的鱼P=0．002〈0．05；5～8cm的鱼P=0．001〈0．05），表明亚成体的取食经验不足。保护越冬期黑鹳的最佳对策是减少对其取食活动和取食地的人为干扰。

关于“黑哨”成因的经济理性思考

从经济学视角对“黑哨”产生的原因进行探讨 ,揭示了权力是“黑哨”现象产生的充要条件 ,供需市场的存在是“黑哨”现象滋生和蔓延的土壤 ,而成本、收益、查处的可能性以及处罚力度等因素则是裁判员作为理性经济人最终决定是否实施“黑哨”行为的决策因素。

海南黑脸琵鹭的越冬行为分析

黑脸琵鹭(Plataleaminor)是全球濒危鸟类之一。海南北黎湾是继我国香港和台湾之后发现的黑脸琵鹭第三个重要的越冬地。为了深入了解黑脸琵鹭在该地的保护状况,以及影响其种群越冬的致危因素,作者于2004年1–3月,采用瞬时扫描和焦点动物观察法对北黎湾黑脸琵鹭的越冬行为进行了观察。结果表明:(1)在黑脸琵鹭的各种行为中,休息行为所占的比例最大,为69.72%;其次是站立行为,为10.42%;护理行为位居第3,占10.36%;位移、取食和社会行为在白天所占的比例相对较低。(2)白天黑脸琵鹭休息行为有明显的高峰和低谷,8:00–17:00主要以休息为主,而在17:00以后,休息行为明显减少,护理、取食和站立行为有所增加。位移和社会行为发生率较低,呈间歇性变化。黑脸琵鹭各种行为之间在持续时间上有显著差异,其中以休息行为持续时间最长,其次是取食行为,而行走行为持续时间最短。(3)黑脸琵鹭的取食频次在各时间段也有显著的差异,在16:00以后取食的频次较高。(4)黑脸琵鹭的取食行为受潮汐的影响,过高和过低的水位都将影响其取食活动。最后针对性地提出了黑脸琵鹭及其越冬地的保护和管理计划。