Achieving a superior Na storage performance of Fe-based Prussian blue cathode by coating perylene tetracarboxylic dianhydride amine

Fe-based Prussian blue(Fe-PB)cathode material shows great application potential in sodium(Na)-ion batteries due to its high theoretical capacity,long cycle life,low cost,and simple preparation process.However,the crystalline water and vacancies of Fe-PB lattice,the low electrical conductivity,and the dissolution of metal ions lead to limited capacity and poor cycling stability.In this work,a perylene tetracarboxylic dianhydride amine(PTCDA)coating layer is successfully fabricated on the surface of Fe-PB by a liquid-phase method.The aminated PTCDA(PTCA)coating not only increases the specific surface area and electronic conductivity but also effectively reduces the crystalline water and vacancies,which avoids the erosion of Fe-PB by electrolyte.Consequently,the PTCA layer reduces the charge transfer resistance,enhances the Na-ion diffusion coefficient,and improves the structure stability.The PTCA-coated Fe-PB exhibits superior Na storage performance with a first discharge capacity of 145.2 mAh g^(−1) at 100 mA g^(−1).Long cycling tests exhibit minimal capacity decay of 0.027%per cycle over 1000 cycles at 1 A g^(−1).Therefore,this PTCA coating strategy has shown promising competence in enhancing the electrochemical performance of Fe-PB,which can potentially serve as a universal electrode coating strategy for Na-ion batteries.

Prussian Blue Analogue‑Templated Nanocomposites for Alkali‑Ion Batteries:Progress and Perspective

Lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)have dominated the portable electronic and electrochemical energy markets since their commercialisation,whose high cost and lithium scarcity have prompted the development of other alkali-ion batteries(AIBs)including sodium-ion batteries(SIBs)and potassium-ion batteries(PIBs).Owing to larger ion sizes of Na^(+)and K^(+)compared with Li^(+),nanocomposites with excellent crystallinity orientation and well-developed porosity show unprecedented potential for advanced lithium/sodium/potassium storage.With enticing open rigid framework structures,Prussian blue analogues(PBAs)remain promising self-sacrificial templates for the preparation of various nanocomposites,whose appeal originates from the well-retained porous structures and exceptional electrochemical activities after thermal decomposition.This review focuses on the recent progress of PBA-derived nanocomposites from their fabrication,lithium/sodium/potassium storage mechanism,and applications in AIBs(LIBs,SIBs,and PIBs).To distinguish various PBA derivatives,the working mechanism and applications of PBA-templated metal oxides,metal chalcogenides,metal phosphides,and other nanocomposites are systematically evaluated,facilitating the establishment of a structure–activity correlation for these materials.Based on the fruitful achievements of PBA-derived nanocomposites,perspectives for their future development are envisioned,aiming to narrow down the gap between laboratory study and industrial reality.

Box-Behnken响应面法结合层次分析法优化萸仙茅炮制工艺

目的优选萸仙茅炮制工艺。方法在单因素试验基础上,以料液比、炒制时间和炒制温度为影响因素,以仙茅苷、苔黑酚葡萄糖苷、苔黑酚龙胆二糖苷含量及外观性状的综合评分为评价指标,利用Box-Behnken响应面法结合层次分析法优化萸仙茅最佳炮制工艺,并进行工艺验证。结果萸仙茅最佳炮制工艺为:取生仙茅饮片,加入等量吴茱萸汁拌匀,置密闭容器内,闷润至药汁被完全吸尽,于130℃炒制6min,取出,60℃干燥。每100kg仙茅用吴茱萸10kg。吴茱萸汁制法:取吴茱萸10kg,加12倍量水浸泡60min,煎煮50min,提取3次,合并滤液,浓缩至100kg。结论本研究优化所得萸仙茅的炮制工艺可行、稳定。

High mobility group box 1 in the central nervous system:regeneration hidden beneath inflammation

High-mobility group box 1 was first discovered in the calf thymus as a DNA-binding nuclear protein and has been widely studied in diverse fields,including neurology and neuroscience.High-mobility group box 1 in the extracellular space functions as a pro-inflammatory damage-associated molecular pattern,which has been proven to play an important role in a wide variety of central nervous system disorders such as ischemic stroke,Alzheimer’s disease,frontotemporal dementia,Parkinson’s disease,multiple sclerosis,epilepsy,and traumatic brain injury.Several drugs that inhibit high-mobility group box 1 as a damage-associated molecular pattern,such as glycyrrhizin,ethyl pyruvate,and neutralizing anti-high-mobility group box 1 antibodies,are commonly used to target high-mobility group box 1 activity in central nervous system disorders.Although it is commonly known for its detrimental inflammatory effect,high-mobility group box 1 has also been shown to have beneficial pro-regenerative roles in central nervous system disorders.In this narrative review,we provide a brief summary of the history of high-mobility group box 1 research and its characterization as a damage-associated molecular pattern,its downstream receptors,and intracellular signaling pathways,how high-mobility group box 1 exerts the repair-favoring roles in general and in the central nervous system,and clues on how to differentiate the pro-regenerative from the pro-inflammatory role.Research targeting high-mobility group box 1 in the central nervous system may benefit from differentiating between the two functions rather than overall suppression of high-mobility group box 1.

Steam Methane Reforming(SMR)Combined with Ship Based Carbon Capture(SBCC)for an Efficient Blue Hydrogen Production on Board Liquefied Natural Gas(LNG)Carriers

The objective of this study is to propose an optimal plant design for blue hydrogen production aboard a liquefiednatural gas(LNG)carrier.This investigation focuses on integrating two distinct processes—steam methanereforming(SMR)and ship-based carbon capture(SBCC).The first refers to the common practice used to obtainhydrogen from methane(often derived from natural gas),where steam reacts with methane to produce hydrogenand carbon dioxide(CO_(2)).The second refers to capturing the CO_(2) generated during the SMR process on boardships.By capturing and storing the carbon emissions,the process significantly reduces its environmental impact,making the hydrogen production“blue,”as opposed to“grey”(which involves CO_(2) emissions without capture).For the SMR process,the analysis reveals that increasing the reformer temperature enhances both the processperformance and CO_(2) emissions.Conversely,a higher steam-to-carbon(s/c)ratio reduces hydrogen yield,therebydecreasing thermal efficiency.The study also shows that preheating the air and boil-off gas(BOG)before theyenter the combustion chamber boosts overall efficiency and curtails CO_(2) emissions.In the SBCC process,puremonoethanolamine(MEA)is employed to capture the CO_(2) generated by the exhaust gases from the SMR process.The results indicate that with a 90%CO_(2) capture rate,the associated heat consumption amounts to 4.6 MJ perkilogram of CO_(2) captured.This combined approach offers a viable pathway to produce blue hydrogen on LNGcarriers while significantly reducing the carbon footprint.

基于Box-Behnken设计-响应面法优化调肝活血稳压颗粒提取工艺及其质量标准的研究

目的优化调肝活血稳压颗粒的提取工艺,并对其质量标准进行研究。方法本研究以浸膏得率及丹酚酸B的转移率的综合评分为指标,采用单因素考察结合Box-Behnken设计-响应面法优化调肝活血稳压颗粒的提取工艺,采用薄层色谱法对方中药材进行鉴别。结果确定最终提取工艺为:第一次加入10倍量水煎煮90 min,第二次加入6倍量水煎煮60 min。测定方法结果准确可靠。薄层色谱法检测出天麻、栀子、丹参等三味中药的特征性斑点。结论优化后的提取工艺操作简单,提取效果良好,结果稳定可靠。

Plackett-Burman联用Box-Behnken响应面法优选伤痛凝胶贴膏基质处方的研究

目的优选伤痛凝胶贴膏基质处方的配比。方法在单因素试验基础上,采用Plackett-Burman联用Box-Behnken响应面法,以感官评价、初黏力、持黏力作为伤痛凝胶贴膏的综合评价指标,优选伤痛凝胶贴膏基质处方。结果优选的伤痛凝胶贴膏基质处方为NP-7002.82 g,甘羟铝0.15 g,甘油11.02 g,PVPK902.50 g,高岭土0.50 g,酒石酸0.14 g。结论优选的伤痛凝胶贴膏有很好的黏性和成型性,顺应性好,便于临床推广使用。

基于Box-Behnken设计-响应面法优化败毒止泻提取物制备工艺研究

为探索败毒止泻提取物的合理提取工艺,提高秦皮甲素和秦皮乙素总含量以及复方浸出物出膏率,选择影响试验指标的提取次数、提取时间、加水量等3个核心因素进行单因素试验,以最优单因素为影响因子,采用Box-Behnken中心组合设计建立数学模型,考察相关参数对综合评分的影响程度。结果表明,败毒止泻提取物的最佳提取条件为提取3次,提取时间为1.5 h,加水量为12倍水;模型预测综合评分为96.932,验证值为96.757,理论值与验证值相对误差为0.18%。优化后的败毒止泻提取物标准工艺为中试生产转化以及临床使用的顺应性奠定了基础。

基于THP1-Blue^(TM) NF-κB报告基因法的体外热原检测方法开发与验证

目的:利用导入核因子κB(nuclear factor kappa-B,NF-κB)报告基因和分泌型胚胎碱性磷酸酶(secreted alkaline phosphatase,SEAP)活性的人单核细胞白血病细胞系THP-1细胞,建立一种可用于体外热原检测的方法,并考察方法的可行性和品种适用性。方法:参照《中华人民共和国药典》四部通则9101分析方法验证和9301注射剂安全检查法应用指导原则(附单核细胞活化反应测定法),以细菌内毒素国家标准品作为基准,对THP1-BlueTM NF-κB报告基因法进行专属性、精密度、耐用性等方法学研究;以精密度和阈值作为方法可行性分析的判断指标;并进行品种适用性研究。结果:所建立的方法符合《中华人民共和国药典》9301中单核细胞活化反应测定法的要求,R2均为0.999以上;计算最低检测限0.03 EU·mL^(-1);以内毒素含量为0.5,1.0 EU·mL^(-1)的溶液做回收实验,方法的准确度分别为101%和106%;通过本方法完成人凝血酶原复合物、冻干人纤维蛋白原、b型流感、23价肺炎、牛痘疫苗的品种适用性研究。结论:THP1-Blue^(TM) NF-κB报告基因法满足单核细胞激活实验要求,可用于体外热原物质检测。

基于Box-Behnken设计-响应面法优化酒黄精炮制工艺

目的采用Box-Behnken设计-响应面法(Box-Behnken design-response surface method,BBD-RSM)对黄精炮制工艺进行优化,筛选最佳工艺参数。方法研究于2023年1—5月开展。以黄精外观性状、醇浸出物、多糖含量等为评价指标,基于单因素试验进行响应面综合实验,运用BBD-RSM,探索黄精饮片润制时间、蒸制时间、焖制时间等对其品质的影响,优选炮制工艺参数及炮制设备。结果通过拟合模型,外观性状评分、醇浸出物含量、黄精多糖含量预测值分别为72.31分、64.86%、12.96%,优选黄精最佳酒制工艺为润制时间1.5 h、蒸制时间5.5 h、焖制时间1.0 h;蒸制设备拟选用回转式蒸药机,干燥设备拟选用敞开式烘干箱。结论所优选酒黄精炮制工艺合理、可行,为酒黄精炮制生产工艺及设备选型提供了依据。

基于Box-Behnken响应面法优化方便藜麦粥制备工艺

以复水率、复水时间和感官品质为指标,通过单因素试验优选方便藜麦粥的最佳浸泡温度、料水比和蒸煮时间;利用Box-Behnken响应面法优化其制备工艺,并采用加权法计算综合得分。结果表明,最佳制备工艺为浸泡温度41℃,料水比1∶9,蒸煮时间23 min。经验证试验,其综合得分为96.08,与理论预测值(96.43)的相对偏差为0.35%(<5.0%)。优化的方便藜麦粥制备工艺为其开发应用提供重要支撑。

改良BLUE方案肺超声评分在机械通气患者中的应用价值

目的比较改良BLUE方案肺超声评分与传统区域评分法在机械通气患者中的应用优劣,探讨改良BLUE方案与序贯器官衰竭评估(SOFA)评分、氧合指数(OI)的相关性及其对机械通气患者预后评估的价值。方法选择南通大学第二附属医院急诊医学科行机械通气的危重症患者66例,其中男性45例,女性21例;年龄35~95岁,平均年龄72.11岁;病程2~37 d,平均病程12.03 d;疾病类型:肺炎、感染性休克等感染相关19例,心力衰竭16例,慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性发作呼吸衰竭15例,心肺复苏后11例,间质性肺炎2例,中毒2例,外伤1例。根据患者的转归情况(28 d生存或死亡)分为好转组28例与死亡组38例。分别使用改良BLUE方案、4分区、6分区、8分区及12分区评分方法对患者进行肺部超声检查,以12分区评分为对照,分别比较改良BLUE方案、4分区、6分区、8分区超声评分与12分区评分结果的相关性。记录各检查方案检查时间,比较各评分法耗时差异。分析改良BLUE方案与SOFA评分和OI的相关性。比较两组改良BLUE方案肺超声评分差异。结果在机械通气患者中,改良BLUE方案、4分区、6分区、8分区超声评分结果,均与12分区法评分结果呈正相关(r=0.98、0.94、0.96、0.95,P均<0.05),其中改良BLUE方案肺超声评分与12分区评分相关性最高。改良BLUE方案、4分区、6分区、8分区及12分区肺超声检查操作时间分别为(5.86±0.76)min、(4.86±0.71)min、(6.79±0.88)min、(8.18±1.02)min、(11.79±1.45)min,改良BLUE方案较6分区、8分区及12分区操作时间短(P均<0.05)。改良BLUE方案肺超声评分与OI呈负相关,与SOFA评分呈正相关(r=-0.42、0.25)。好转组与死亡组改良BLUE方案肺超声评分平均值分别为(12.04±5.87)分、(15.79±5.94)分。好转组改良BLUE方案肺超声评分明显低于死亡组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论在机械通气危重症患者中,使用改良BLUE方案肺超声评分具有准确度高、耗时短的优势,更适宜在急诊环境中对机械通气危重症患者进行快速病情评估。改良BLUE方案肺超声评分对机械通气患者病情严重程度及预后有一定指导价值。

Box-Behnken响应面法优化葛根异黄酮提取纯化工艺及损伤心肌细胞治疗作用研究

目的:采用Box-Behnken响应面优化葛根异黄酮最佳提取工艺,并研究葛根异黄酮对损伤心肌细胞的治疗作用。方法:在单因素实验的基础上,以料液比、提取时间、溶剂浓度为考察因素,以3'-羟基葛根素、葛根素、3'-甲氧基葛根素、大豆苷的含量为评价指标,采用Box-Behnken响应面法设计实验,以葛根异黄酮总提取率为考察指标,通过分析回归方程模型,优选最佳提取工艺并验证工艺;采用MTT法检测葛根异黄酮对损伤心肌细胞的治疗作用。结果:Box-Behnken响应面法优化得到葛根异黄酮最佳提取工艺为:料液比为30 mg·mL^(-1),提取时间为100 min,乙醇体积分数为73%,葛根异黄酮的总提取率平均值为41.6 mg·g^(-1),与预测值42.08 mg·g^(-1),相对误差0.81%;葛根异黄酮对H 2O_(2)损伤的缺氧复氧模型和Na 2S_(2)O 4损伤的缺血再灌注模型OD值分别为0.7436±0.0292和0.7457±0.0094,细胞存活率分别为81.32%和73.41%。结论:优选葛根抗氧化活性异黄酮最佳工艺稳定,预测模型效果良好,且葛根异黄酮对心肌缺血有良好的治疗作用。

BLUE-plus方案的肺超声评分在急性呼吸衰竭患者胸部物理治疗中的应用

为了探究BLUE-plus方案的肺超声评分引导胸部物理治疗(CPT)在急性呼吸衰竭患者氧合能力、感染指标和肺通气功能方面的效果,根据样本量估算招募急性呼吸衰竭患者102例,随机分为试验组和对照组。试验组根据BLUE-plus肺超声征象、肺超声评分实施精准CPT,对照组采用常规CPT。比较两组患者入ICU第1~5天的氧合指数和第1、5天的血感染指标(降钙素原(PCT)、白介素-6(IL-6))及肺部超声评分、机械通气时长和ICU住院时长,发现BLUE-plus方案的肺超声评分指导的CPT可以改善急性呼吸衰竭患者的氧合指数、感染指标(IL-6)、肺部情况,缩短机械通气的时间。相较于对照组,试验组在第3~5天的氧合指数具有统计学差异(P<0.05),第5天IL-6、肺部超声评分、机械通气时长差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05),PCT、ICU住院时长无统计学差异(P>0.05)。

多指标综合评分法结合Box-Behnken响应面法优选栀子茯苓压片糖果的提取工艺

以提取液中栀子苷含量及干膏率作为考察指标,在单因素试验基础上采用直接回流提取法、多指标综合评分法结合Box-Behnken响应面法考察了乙醇浓度、提取时间和料液比3个因素对提取工艺的影响。结果表明,制剂的最佳提取工艺为乙醇浓度75%,提取时间120 min,料液比17倍,栀子苷平均含量为3.17%,平均干膏率为11.33%,综合评分平均值为98.30(n=3,RSD=0.18%)。该工艺合理可行,有效成分提取率高,适合大规模生产。

Box-Behnken响应面法优选紫斑牡丹中丹皮酚和芍药苷提取工艺

目的优选紫斑牡丹中丹皮酚和芍药苷的提取工艺。方法在单因素试验基础上,以液料比、提取时间和乙醇体积分数为影响因素,以丹皮酚和芍药苷提取率的总权重综合评分为评价指标,采用Box-Behnken响应面法优选最佳提取工艺,并进行验证试验。结果最佳提取工艺为液料比28倍,提取时间150 min,乙醇体积分数52%。此工艺条件下,丹皮酚提取率为0.49%(RSD=1.33%,n=3),芍药苷提取率为5.38%(RSD=1.07%,n=3)。结论该提取工艺稳定、可行,可用于紫斑牡丹中丹皮酚和芍药苷的提取。

蓝莓B-box型锌指蛋白基因家族的鉴定及其在果实发育期的表达模式

B-box(BBX)基因家族成员在植物生长发育中起重要作用.为探究BBX在蓝莓果实成熟发育过程中的作用,通过生物信息学的方法鉴定BBX基因家族成员,并对其进行染色体定位、系统进化关系、基因结构、启动子顺式作用元件及表达模式分析.结果表明:在蓝莓基因组中鉴定出38个BBX基因成员,基因结构保守,外显子平均个数为3.13,这些基因可分成Ⅰ~Ⅲ3个亚族,不均匀分布于23条染色体;BBX基因的启动子序列中存在光响应、植物激素响应、胁迫响应和植物生长发育等4类顺式作用元件;VcBBX基因成员在‘Star’和‘O’Neal’蓝莓果实发育过程中存在显著性差异表达,VcBBX9,VcBBX16,VcBBX25和VcBBX20在S8表达量最高,VcBBX26在S6表达量最高,VcBBX30在S3表达量最高.研究结果将为进一步探究BBX型锌指蛋白在蓝莓果实发育过程中的功能奠定基础.

一类单调递减正项数列的BOX维数估计

当使用比较原则、 柯西判别法在讨论正项级数敛散性时,会遇到比值极限为1从而无法使用的情况,典型的例子为数组{1/n}和{1/n2}的正项级数具有不同的敛散性。 本文讨论了形如1/na(α > 0) 正项级数的敛散性与对应点集的BOX维数存在一定关联,当点集的BOX维数大于等于1/2时,正项级数发散;小于1/2时,正项级数收敛,同时提出了利用1/n为参照对象判断数列正项级数敛散性的一种新方法。

Apatinib and gamabufotalin co-loaded lipid/Prussian blue nanoparticles for synergistic therapy to gastric cancer with metastasis

Due to the non-targeted release and low solubility of anti-gastric cancer agent,apatinib(Apa),a first-line drug with long-term usage in a high dosage often induces multi-drug resistance and causes serious side effects.In order to avoid these drawbacks,lipid-film-coated Prussian blue nanoparticles(PB NPs)with hyaluronan(HA)modification was used for Apa loading to improve its solubility and targeting ability.Furthermore,anti-tumor compound of gamabufotalin(CS-6)was selected as a partner of Apawith reducing dosage for combinational gastric therapy.Thus,HA-Apa-Lip@PB-CS-6 NPs were constructed to synchronously transport the two drugs into tumor tissue.In vitro assay indicated that HA-Apa-Lip@PB-CS-6 NPs can synergistically inhibit proliferation and invasion/metastasis of BGC-823 cells via downregulating vascular endothelial growth factor receptor(VEGFR)and matrix metalloproteinase-9(MMP-9).In vivo assay demonstrated strongest anti-tumor growth and liver metastasis of HA-Apa-Lip@PB-CS-6 NPs administration in BGC-823 cells-bearing mice compared with other groups due to the excellent penetration in tumor tissues and outstanding synergistic effects.In summary,we have successfully developed a new nanocomplexes for synchronous Apa/CS-6 delivery and synergistic gastric cancer(GC)therapy.

Progress on Transition Metal Ions Dissolution Suppression Strategies in Prussian Blue Analogs for Aqueous Sodium-/Potassium-Ion Batteries

Aqueous sodium-ion batteries(ASIBs)and aqueous potassium-ion batteries(APIBs)present significant potential for large-scale energy storage due to their cost-effectiveness,safety,and environmental compatibility.Nonetheless,the intricate energy storage mechanisms in aqueous electrolytes place stringent require-ments on the host materials.Prussian blue analogs(PBAs),with their open three-dimensional framework and facile synthesis,stand out as leading candidates for aqueous energy storage.However,PBAs possess a swift capacity fade and limited cycle longevity,for their structural integrity is compromised by the pronounced dis-solution of transition metal(TM)ions in the aqueous milieu.This manuscript provides an exhaustive review of the recent advancements concerning PBAs in ASIBs and APIBs.The dissolution mechanisms of TM ions in PBAs,informed by their structural attributes and redox processes,are thoroughly examined.Moreover,this study delves into innovative design tactics to alleviate the dissolution issue of TM ions.In conclusion,the paper consolidates various strategies for suppressing the dissolution of TM ions in PBAs and posits avenues for prospective exploration of high-safety aqueous sodium-/potassium-ion batteries.