The Technology of Individual and Digital Pattern-making in the MTM System

The Garment MTM enables to realize the individual and quick manufacture to meet the development of the per- fectly popular and various garment industry,whose core technology is to produce the individual and digital pattern,that is,get- ting the individual pattern-making according to the body information.It is relatively correct and wise to get the individual pattern by modifying the basic pattern and the experts in this field do their researches on this way.One vital and unsolved problem is that how to find the very pattern which is the closest to the customers in the pattern-database which determines the validity of the final pattern.We conclude a technology methods from body information to digital pattern,design the rule of seeking yards and pattern- modification,build the B-P system (the system of the quick manufacture technology of body information-digital pattern),set up the style database,yarn database,pattern database,the rule databases of seeking yards and pattern-modification.It is confirmed that the B-P system is available,the setting-up of all the databases in the system is reasonable and the final pattern is correct.

Comment on “The diurnal variation pattern of choroidal thickness in macular region of young healthy female individuals using spectral domain optical coherence tomography”

Dear Editor,We have read and reviewed the article entitled＂The diurnal variation pattern of choroidal thickness in macular region of young healthy female individuals using spectral domain optical coherence tomography＂by Zhao et al^（[1]）with great interest.

Rates and patterns of microsatellite mutations in common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.)

During genotyping 150 microsatellites in a F1 family of common carp, six mutations were found at five microsatellite loci. The overall mutation rate of common carp microsatellites was 2.53×10-4 per locus per generation. At five loci, mutations increased the length of alleles by at least one repeat unit, suggesting mutations at microsatellite loci in common carp do not follow strict stepwise mutation model. The data on mutation rates and patterns can facilitate population genetics studies, and provide useful parameters for estimating a long-term effective population size of common carp.

Control of In Vitro Regeneration of Individual Reproductive and Vegetative Organs in Dracaena fragrans cv. massangeana Hort. Regularities of the Direct Regenerationof Individual Organs In Vitro

Various individual organs (tepal, flower bud, inflorescence branch, inflorescence, adult vegetative bud and juvenile vegetative bud) were directly regenerated respectively by callus in Dracaena fragrans cv. massangeana Hort. During the regeneration of these individual organs some regularity phenomena were observed. Firstly, the kind range of the individual organs, which are directly regenerated in vitro, is in close relationship to the differentiated stages of the organs used for explant excision during plant ontogeny. The explants excised from the epigeous organ that is differentiated at some stage (stage A) during plant ontogeny must be able to separately regenerate all of those individual epigeous organs: ones differentiated slightly later than the stage A, ones differentiated at the stage A and all ones differentiated earlier than the stage A. Secondly, within this range which kind of organ is regenerated depends on the exogenous auxin concentrations in medium. With the gradual increase of 2,4-D concentration from 0.005 mg/L to 0.5 mg/L, the kinds of regenerated organs will change by the order as follows: vegetative bud, inflorescence, inflorescence branch, flower bud, tepal. These regularities will be able to be used for inducing the direct regeneration of a given epigeous organ in angiosperms.

Single-trial EEG-based emotion recognition using temporally regularized common spatial pattern

This study addresses the problem of classifying emotional words based on recorded electroencephalogram （EEG） signals by the single-trial EEG classification technique. Emotional two-character Chinese words are used as experimental materials. Positive words versus neutral words and negative words versus neutral words are classified, respectively, using the induced EEG signals. The method of temporally regularized common spatial patterns （TRCSP） is chosen to extract features from the EEG trials, and then single-trial EEG classification is achieved by linear discriminant analysis. Classification accuracies are between 55% and 65%. The statistical significance of the classification accuracies is confirmed by permutation tests, which shows the successful identification of emotional words and neutral ones, and also the ability to identify emotional words. In addition, 10 out of 15 subjects obtain significant classification accuracy for negative words versus neutral words while only 4 are significant for positive words versus neutral words, which demonstrate that negative emotions are more easily identified.

Characterization of transgene integration pattern in F4 hGH-transgenic common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.)

The integration pattern and adjacent host sequences of the inserted pMThGH-transgene in the F4 hGH-transgeniccommon carp were extensively studied. Here we show that each F4 transgenic fish contained about 200 copies of thepMThGH-transgene and the transgenes were integrated into the host genome generally with concatemers in a head-to-tail arrangement at 4-5 insertion sites. By using a method of plasmid rescue, four hundred copies of transgenes fromtwo individuals of F4 transgenic fish, A and B, were recovered and clarified into 6 classes. All classes of recoveredtransgenes contained either complete or partial pMThGH sequences. The class I, which comprised 83% and 84.5%respectively of the recovered transgene copies from fish A and B, had maintained the original configuration, indicatingthat most transgenes were faithfully inherited during the four generations of reproduction. The other five classes weredifferent from the original configuration in both molecular weight and restriction map, indicating that a few transgeneshad undergone mutation, rearrangement or deletion during integration and germline transmission. In the five types ofaberrant transgenes, three flanking sequences of the host genome were analyzed. These sequences were common carpβ-actin gene, common carp DNA sequences homologous to mouse phosphoglycerate kinase-1 and human epidermalkeratin 14, respectively.

Identification of vocal individuality in male cuckoos using different analytical techniques

Background: Individuality in vocalizations may provide an effective tool for surveying populations of the Common Cuckoo(Cuculus canorus) but there remains few data on which technique to use to identify individuality. In this research, we compared the within-and between-individual variation in cuckoo calls using two different analytical methods, and discuss the feasibility of using call individuality to count male cuckoos within a population.Methods: We recorded vocalization from 13 males, and measured 15 spectro-temporal variables for each call. The majority of these call variables(n = 12) have greater variation between individuals than within individual. We first calculated the similarity(Pearson's R) for each paired calls in order to find a threshold that could distinguish calls emitted from the same or different males, and then counted the number of males based on this distinction. Second, we used the more widely accepted technique of discriminant function analysis(DFA) to identify individual male cuckoos, and compared the correct rate of classifying individuals between the two analytical methods.Results: Similarity of paired calls from the same male was significantly higher than from different males. Under a relatively broad threshold interval, we achieved a high(>90%) correct rate to distinguish calls and an accurate estimate of male numbers. Based on banded males(n = 3), we found the similarity of paired calls from different days was lower when compared with paired calls from the same day, but this change did not obscure individual identification, as similarity values of paired calls from different days were still larger than the threshold used to distinguish calls from the same or different males. DFA also yielded a high rate(91.9%) of correct classification of individuals.Conclusions: Our study suggests that identifying individual vocalizations can form the basis of an appropriate survey method for counting male cuckoos within a population, provided the performance of different analytical techniques are compared.

Common Spatial Pattern Ensemble Classifier and Its Application in Brain-Computer Interface

Abstract-Common spatial pattern （CSP） algorithm is a successful tool in feature estimate of brain-computer interface （BCI）. However, CSP is sensitive to outlier and may result in poor outcomes since it is based on pooling the covariance matrices of trials. In this paper, we propose a simple yet effective approach, named common spatial pattern ensemble （CSPE） classifier, to improve CSP performance. Through division of recording channels, multiple CSP filters are constructed. By projection, log-operation, and subtraction on the original signal, an ensemble classifier, majority voting, is achieved and outlier contaminations are alleviated. Experiment results demonstrate that the proposed CSPE classifier is robust to various artifacts and can achieve an average accuracy of 83.02%.

Some Remarks on the Individual Contribution to Climate Change

Climate change is one of the most important challenges of the 21st Century. As greenhouse gas concentration of the atmosphere has reached the 400ppm threshold of a 2°C global warming on 9 May 2013 and irreversible tipping points of the climatic system at some point of time have got even more likely, the question of the individual contribution to climate change becomes more and more virulent. For a long time, the absorption capacity of the environment has been regarded as limitless, and based on this perception, the economic entities used the environment for hundreds of years without constraints. Today, with progress of scientific knowledge, we are now aware of the possible negative impacts of climate change to environmental, economic and social systems on Earth. This awareness, however, did not lead to a significant change of individual behavior, because the perceived individual contribution to both the anthropogenic cause of climate change and its mitigation is still regarded as marginal. To encounter this misperception or “diffusion of environmental responsibility”, this article presents an alternative calculation of the individual contribution to climate change taking the incremental approach to a tipping point or a 2°C global warming threshold into account.

Linking individual attributes and host specialization in brood parasitic cuckoos

Generalist avian brood parasites vary considerably in their degree of host specialization(e.g.,number of hosts);some parasitize the nests of just a few host species,whereas others exploit more than 100 species.Several factors,including habitat range,habitat type,and geographic location,have been suggested to account for these variations.However,inter-specific differences in individual attributes,such as personality and plasticity,have rarely been considered as potential factors of such variation,despite their potential relationship to,for example,range expansion.Using cage experiments,we tested the hypothesis that parasitic species exploiting more host species may be more active and exploratory.To this end,we quantified behaviors exhibited by two Cuculus cuckoos(Common Cuckoo C.canorus and Oriental Cuckoo C.optatus)that vary greatly in their number of host species.Specifically,we evaluated exploratory behavior displayed by birds in the cage,such as the number of movements,head-turning,wing-flapping,and stepping.The Common Cuckoo,which has a higher number of host species,tended to exhibit higher levels of exploratory behaviors than the Oriental Cuckoo.Our study showed that the two cuckoo species exhibited different exploratory levels,as predicted by the differences in their number of hosts.Further studies regarding the causality between individual attributes and host specialization with improved experimental methodology would greatly enhance our understanding of the role of individual characteristics in the coevolution of avian brood parasites and their hosts.

“抽取共性–讲透典型–衍生个性”,构建晶体结构知识点图谱

在结构化学教学中,晶体结构的多样性、复杂性和抽象性使教学难度增加,本文介绍了笔者在教学实践中根据晶体结构的对称性,以具体–抽象–具体主线,以“抽取共性–讲透典型–衍生个性”为核心,构建晶体结构知识点图谱的拓展教学方法。具体做法是以等径圆球密堆积及其空隙类型/分布作为共性的出发点,通过填隙模型得到典型晶体的结构,通过取代/添加/去除/衍生等方式建立具有多样性的具体物质的晶体结构,形成直观和有脉络关系的知识图谱。可以加深学生理解晶体结构教学中的共性与个性,达到知识理解与迁移运用的目的。

中国城市碳排放绩效:动态分解、空间差异与影响因素

以非径向方向距离函数为框架,构造全要素碳排放绩效指数对中国2006—2019年城市碳排放治理绩效进行测度。在此基础上从经济含义、跨期动态变化、区域均衡等层面对全要素碳排放绩效指数进行多维分解,检验中国城市碳排放绩效的影响因素。结果表明:第一,样本期内全国城市平均全要素碳排放绩效指数总体呈波动上升态势,动态分解结果显示,中国各地的平均碳排放绩效水平不断改进,创新效应对其贡献逐年增大但赶超效应贡献不足;第二,空间分异方面,珠三角、长三角、粤闽浙沿海、长江中游等东部地区城市群不仅平均碳排放绩效水平普遍较高,且碳排放绩效的增长速度较快,中西部地区仅成渝城市群碳排放绩效表现较好,中原、京津冀等城市群近年来碳排放绩效的改善速度较快;第三,基尼系数测度及其分解显示,近年中国城市碳排放绩效指数的分异程度逐步加深,分异成因主要为城市群组间差异,城市群内部差异贡献度较低;第四,Lasso分析及双固定面板模型分析结果显示,经济发展水平、清洁能源使用、金融发展、绿色环保和科技支持能够有效改善城市层面的碳排放绩效,能源消耗强度和第二产业就业人员比重对碳排放绩效具有负面影响;最后,城市群因子探测结果显示,各城市群间的驱动因子存在一定差异。

新个人所得税改革对中低收入群体劳动供给的影响——基于中国家庭追踪调查的研究

如何通过科学的财税政策应对劳动年龄人口减少、推进共同富裕是学术界和政策界面临的共同命题,其中,收入所得税对激发劳动力市场活力、促进中低收入群体劳动参与的作用尤其引人注目。基于中国家庭追踪调查2016—2020年的三期面板数据,采取双重差分法分析2018年个人所得税改革对劳动供给的影响。实证结果表明:提高个税免征额促进了中低收入群体的劳动参与,但未显著增加劳动时间。经过更换回归模型、安慰剂检验等一系列稳健性检验后,研究结论依然成立。异质性分析显示,个税免征额提高对劳动供给的影响在不同性别和婚姻状况的群体中存在差异,对女性群体、已婚群体的劳动参与影响更大。机制上,新税改显著降低了个体由于照料家庭而退出劳动力市场的情况。因此,未来个税政策的改革方向应包括:持续关注重点人群的收入情况,有效发挥个税调节收入分配的功能;充分考虑个税改革对于女性和已婚群体劳动供给更强的激励作用,积极推行鼓励已婚女性就业的税收优惠政策;进一步细化专项附加扣除项目或标准,增强劳动者获得感,激励低收入群体就业,助力共同富裕。

基于网版印刷的服装图案设计与色彩管理

随着互联网和电子商务的快速发展,消费者对服装图案设计和色彩管理的要求越来越高。然而,传统的印刷技术无法准确重现复杂的图案细节,导致图案模糊不清。此外,由于色彩管理的不足,印刷出的服装图案往往与设计师的原始想法有所偏差,导致色彩失真。基于此,本文主要探讨了基于网版印刷的服装图案设计与色彩管理,介绍了网版印刷的基本原理和工艺流程,归纳出了网版印刷在服装图案设计中起到的重要作用。

脱贫地区农户非农化生计转型的共同富裕效应

基于共享发展理念,从农户非农化生计转型及其对农村收入分配格局的影响视角,探讨了脱贫地区巩固脱贫成果、实现共同富裕的路径,并利用2021年甘肃省16村1302户调查数据进行了实证分析。研究发现:脱贫地区农户非农化生计转型促进了家庭资源由低效率部门向高效率部门的配置,提高了农户收入水平并抑制了农村内部收入差距的扩大,具有“帕累托改进”性质;通过分位数回归进一步证实,非农化生计转型对收入差距的抑制是通过提高低收入家庭资源配置水平和收入水平、改善农村收入分配格局实现的;通过细分生计类型发现,务工生计对改善收入分配格局的贡献最大,其次为兼业和非农经营生计;进一步分析发现脱贫地区农户非农化生计转型对农业转型的带动作用不强,以传统农业生计为主的农户家庭收入水平较低,是当前农村收入差距形成的主要原因之一。基于以上结论从农户生计转型视角提出了脱贫地区优化收入分配格局、实现共同富裕的政策建议。

新质生产力促进共同富裕的内在机理与策略选择

新质生产力本质上是科技创新和产业创新的有机结合。发展新质生产力具有重要的战略意义,就理论层面而言,发展新质生产力是对新时代马克思主义生产力理论的进一步创新;就现实意义而言,新质生产力是形成新发展格局的突破口;从长远实践层面来看,新质生产力能够成为推进中国式现代化的强大动力。新质生产力通过经济赋能、就业筑基、区域联动、精神铸魂和环境保障,扎实推进共同富裕。与此同时,新质生产力促进共同富裕面临着数字鸿沟、劳动保障、平台垄断和产业短板四重困境。为使新质生产力更好促进共同富裕,应缩小区域和群体间数字鸿沟,完善新业态从业者的劳动权益保障体系,引导平台经济规范健康发展,提升产业链供应链韧性和竞争力。

中国市域城乡收入差距时空演化及影响因素

共同富裕是中国特色社会主义的本质要求,缩小城乡收入差距是实现共同富裕和城乡融合发展过程中不可回避的现实问题。基于2012—2021年366个市域研究单元城乡收入比的数据,综合运用核密度估计和探索性空间数据分析等研究方法对中国城乡收入差距的时空演化特征进行探析,再借助地理加权回归模型探究各影响因素对中国不同地区城乡收入差距影响程度的空间分异特征。结果表明:(1)2012—2021年中国的城乡收入差距呈现出逐渐缩小的态势,同时各市域间城乡收入差距的相对差异也在不断缩小。(2)中国城乡收入差距的低值区主要分布在东南沿海地区以及黑龙江省和新疆维吾尔自治区的少数城市,高值区主要分布在云贵山区、西藏自治区和黄河中上游的部分城市。从全局趋势来看,中国的城乡收入差距呈现出西高东低、南高北低、中间高两边低的空间分布格局。(3)市域尺度下,中国的城乡收入差距呈现出显著的空间正相关性,城乡收入差距大的市域和城乡收入差距小的市域均趋于集聚。(4)影响因素存在区域异质性,各地区在缩小城乡收入差距、统筹城乡发展的过程中要实施因地制宜的政策。

脑电信号多特征融合与卷积神经网络算法研究

针对脑电信号(electroencephalogram,EEG)运动想象中单一特征无法多维表征信号中的信息导致的分类准确率不高的问题,提出一种基于样本熵和共空间模式特征融合的特征提取算法。算法先对原始脑电信号进行小波包分解,从中选择包含μ和β节律的分量进行重构,然后分别提取重构信号的样本熵和CSP(common spatial pattern,CSP)特征,将两者融合组成新的特征向量,使用所设计的一维卷积神经网络对其进行识别获得分类结果。所提方法在2003年BCI Dataset III中获得了91.66%的分类准确率,在2008年BCI Dataset A中获得了85.29%的平均分类准确率。与近年来文献中提出的多特征融合算法相比,准确率提高了7.96个百分点。

基于“五辨”思维探讨乳腺癌的诊治思路

“五辨”是一种基于整体观念的新理论,是辨病、辨症、辨证、辨机与辨人的有机结合,是运用于疾病临床诊断和治疗的思维过程,是认识疾病、探求病因、明确病机、拟定治法和方药的基本思路。从“五辨”思维角度出发,通过辨病以掌握乳腺癌的整体情况,辨症以了解乳腺癌的临床特征,辨证以明确乳腺癌的所处阶段,辨机以洞察乳腺癌的内在本质,辨人以分析乳腺癌的发病特征。临床灵活运用“五辨”思维,综合分析乳腺癌的基本表现、发病机制、病变规律和治法方药,以期为乳腺癌的诊断和治疗提供新思路和新见解。

包容性数字经济助推共同富裕的作用机制研究

随着互联网的迅速发展和数字经济的蓬勃兴起,工业社会正在逐渐向信息社会转型。然而,由于不同经济主体对信息技术的获取和使用条件存在差异,导致了信息落差、知识分隔、贫富分化等问题。同时,我国经济发展的不平衡和不充分以及数字治理体制的不完善,使得城乡区域发展和收入分配差距依然较大。这妨碍了共同富裕整体目标的实现,因此应该将包容性发展与数字经济紧密结合起来。包容性数字经济主要有两方面的要求:一是要推动数字经济的发展以促进经济社会整体性的发展,并丰富人们的物质和精神生活。二是要在数字化转型的过程中维护社会公平正义,保障人的平等发展和人格尊严,促进人的全面发展和全面进步。因此,包容性数字经济是推动高质量发展的重要动力源,在扎实推进全体人民共同富裕的过程中具有关键性作用。