On the Optimal Initial Inner-Core Size for Tropical Cyclone Intensification: An Idealized Numerical Study

Recent observational and numerical studies have revealed the dependence of the intensification rate on the inner-core size of tropical cyclones(TCs). In this study, with the initial inner-core size(i.e., the radius of maximum wind—RMW)varied from 20–180 km in idealized simulations using two different numerical models, we found a nonmonotonic dependence of the lifetime maximum intensification rate(LMIR) on the inner-core size. Namely, there is an optimal innercore size for the LMIR of a TC. Tangential wind budget analysis shows that, compared to large TCs, small TCs have large inward flux of absolute vorticity due to large absolute vorticity inside the RMW. However, small TCs also suffer from strong lateral diffusion across the eyewall, which partly offsets the positive contribution from large inward flux of absolute vorticity. These two competing processes ultimately lead to the TC with an intermediate initial inner-core size having the largest LMIR. Results from sensitivity experiments show that the optimal size varies in the range of 40–120 km and increases with higher sea surface temperature, lower latitude, larger horizontal mixing length, and weaker initial TC intensity. The 40–120 km RMW corresponds to the inner-core size most commonly found for intensifying TCs in observations, suggesting the natural selection of initial TC size for intensification. This study highlights the importance of accurate representation of TC inner-core size to TC intensity forecasts by numerical weather prediction models.

Idealized Numerical Simulations of Tropical Cyclone Formation Associated with Monsoon Gyres

Monsoon gyres have been identified as one of the important large-scale circulation patterns associated with tropical cyclone （TC） formation in the western North Pacific.A recent observational analysis indicated that most TCs form near the center of monsoon gyres or at the northeast end of the enhanced low-level southwesterly flows on the southeast-east periphery of monsoon gyres.In the present reported study,idealized numerical experiments were conducted to examine the tropical cyclogenesis associated with Rossby wave energy dispersion with an initial idealized monsoon gyre.The numerical simulations showed that the development of the low-level enhanced southwesterly flows on the southeasteast periphery of monsoon gyres can be induced by Rossby wave energy dispersion.Mesoscale convective systems emerged from the northeast end of the enhanced southwesterly flows with mid-level maximum relative vorticity.The simulated TC formed in the northeast of the monsoon gyre and moved westward towards the center of the monsoon gyre.The numerical experiment with a relatively smaller sized initial monsoon gyre showed the TC forming near the center of the initial monsoon gyre.The results of the present study suggest that Rossby wave energy dispersion can play an important role in TC formation in the presence of monsoon gyres.

Idealized numerical simulation experiment of ice seeding in convective clouds using a bin microphysics scheme

A 2D axisymmetric bin model is used to conduct idealized numerical experiments of cloud seeding.The simulations are performed for two clouds that differ in their initial wind shear.Results show that,although cloud seeding with an ice concentration of 1000 Lin a regime that has relatively high supercooled liquid water can obtain a positive effect,the rainfall enhancement seems more pronounced when the cloud develops in a wind shear environment.In no-shear environment,the change in the microphysical thermodynamic field after seeding shows that,although more graupel is produced via riming and this can increase the surface rainfall intensity,the larger drag force and cooling of melting graupel is unfavorable for the development of cloud.On the contrary,when the cloud develops in a wind shear environment,since the main downdraft is behind the direction of movement of the cloud,its negative effect on precipitation is much weaker.

MRI IDEAL-IQ在2型糖尿病患者腹部脂肪量化中的应用价值

目的采用磁共振(MRI)非对称回波的最小二程估算法迭代水脂分离(IDEAL-IQ)技术评价2型糖尿病对腹部脂肪分布及内脏脂肪沉积的影响。方法前瞻性纳入温州医科大学附属第二医院29例健康志愿者(对照组)和39例2型糖尿病患者(2型糖尿病组),两组均进行3.0T磁共振IDEAL-IQ序列扫描,得到脂肪分数图像。在脂肪分数图像上测量两组右肝、椎体、两肾实质和肾窦以及胰腺的质子密度脂肪分数(PDFF)、腹腔内脂肪组织(VAT)面积和皮下脂肪组织(SAT)面积。比较两组PDFF、VAT面积和SAT面积。结果2型糖尿病组的右肝、胰腺、左肾窦、右肾窦和椎体的PDFF值均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。2型糖尿病组的VAT面积显著大于对照组[(105.47±7.12)cm^(2)vs(81.36±6.94)cm^(2),P=0.043],而两组SAT面积差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。在所有参与者中,VAT面积分别与右肝、胰腺、椎体、左肾窦和右肾窦PDFF呈显著正相关。结论MRI IDEAL-IQ技术可以量化成人腹部脏器及结构的脂肪情况,2型糖尿病影响患者腹部脂肪分布并导致腹腔内脏脂肪沉积。

An Idealized Numerical Study of the Effects of Uniform Zonal Winds on Tropical Cyclogenesis

The effect of uniform zonal winds on tropical cyclone(TC)genesis is examined on a beta plane using an idealized mesoscale model.The simulation results show that uniform easterly and westerly flows are both favorable for TC genesis.However,uniform easterly flows result in a faster TC genesis rate compared with uniform westerly flows.It is found that faster TC genesis is associated with greater surface heat fluxes and convection during the early stage.The superposition of uniform easterly flows and the beta effect results in greater surface heat fluxes and convection around the TC center compared with uniform westerly flows.Meanwhile,TC genesis is closely associated with the size and intensity of a mid-level circulation.The joint greater convection induced by the easterly flows and beta effect results in enhancement of the vertical temperature gradient,which is associated with the intensification of mid-level circulation.The strong and compact mid-level circulation is more favorable for efficient conversion of latent heat energy to the kinetic energy of the lower-level cyclonic winds.Thus,uniform easterly flows are more favorable for TC genesis than uniform westerly flows.

Harm Effects of television programs on American Youngsters

Nowadays,a whole generation of youngsters is growing up with television programs which show unhealthy and incorrect contents.This kind of programs misleads youngsters and has negative effects on their growth.This paper presented here illustrates how television has influence on American youngsters.

磁共振IDEAL-IQ序列定量分析腹腔内脏脂肪含量与2型糖尿病的关系

目的探讨腹腔内脏脂肪含量与糖尿病发生的关系,进而探讨其预测T2DM发病的可行性。方法收集行腹部3.0T MRI检查并有T2DM患者45例(T2DM组),对照组80例,应用IDEAL软件进行图像自动重组,获得脂肪分数(FF图)、弛豫率(R2*)、脂相、水相、同反相位图像。将FF图传至AW 4.6工作站,由两名观察者采用双盲法对FF图进行测量。应用ITK-SNAP软件采用阈值分割法半自动勾画腹腔内脏脂肪(VAT)及皮下脂肪组织(SAT),并计算体积。采用SPSS 26.0软件对数据进行统计学分析。结果(1)T2DM组的腹腔内脏脂肪组织体积(VATV)、肝脏脂肪分数(HFF)、胰腺脂肪分数(PFF)、甘油三酯(TG)及空腹血糖(FBG)均高于对照组,高密度脂蛋白(HDL)低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);(2)ROC曲线分析示:PFF判断是否患T2DM的曲线下面积(AUC)为0.656(P<0.01,95%CI:0.534~0.777),截断值为8.44%,敏感度为50%,特异度为82.5%;HFF判断是否患T2DM的AUC为0.744(P<0.05,95%CI:0.637~0.851),截断值、敏感度、特异度分别为2.99%、97.5%、42.5%。男性患者VATV判断T2DM的最佳阈值为3466 cm^(3),敏感度为63.2%,特异度为89.5%,AUC为0.78(P<0.01),联合SATV、PFF及HFF时,敏感度为78.9%,特异度为84.2%,AUC为0.839(P<0.01);女性患者利用VATV诊断T2DM的最佳阈值为2103 cm^(3),利用该阈值判断T2DM的敏感度为66.7%,特异度为66.7%,AUC为0.68(P<0.05),联合SATV、PFF及HFF时,敏感度为90.5%,特异度为76.2%,AUC为0.909(P<0.01)。(3)TG和FBG每增加1个单位,患T2DM的风险就分别提升了3986.3%及417.1%,即TG和FBG是T2DM发病的独立预测因子。结论PFF、HFF及VATV单独在预测T2DM发病方面,检验效能较低。VATV联合SATV、PFF、HFF预测T2DM发生的检验效能显著提高,其敏感度及特异度亦均明显提高。IDEAL-IQ技术是评估T2DM患者腹腔内异位脂肪组织沉积定量的便捷的方法,具有简单、稳定性好及重复性高的优势。

Idealized cognitive models for students to strengthen the effect of music imagination

If there is no imagination, there is no music appreciation. It should create imaginary world for students in the music classroom teaching practice, and it should foster the students＇ musical imagination. Thus, colleagues can make discussion about strategies proposed including pilot background, context led, screen hygiene conditions and others. We use Cognitive Linguistic Theories to introduce idealized cognitive model and its theoretical basis and the intensified impact on student musical imagination.

IDEAL-IQ序列在冈上肌腱损伤后肩袖肌群脂肪浸润定量评估中的应用

目的采用非对称采集与迭代最小二乘估算法迭代水脂分离(iteraterative decomposition of water and fat with echo asymmetry and least-squares estimation quantitation,IDEAL-IQ)方法定量评估冈上肌腱损伤的严重程度与肩袖肌群脂肪浸润程度及受试者特征之间的关系。材料与方法回顾性分析2022年8月至2024年6月本院经肩关节镜证实的33例冈上肌腱部分撕裂患者及89例完全撕裂患者,均进行了常规MRI扫描及IDEAL-IQ序列扫描。由两名放射科医生分别对所有受试者的MRI图像进行独立评估,根据常规MRI图像的冈上肌腱损伤表现,将完全撕裂组的冈上肌腱按照Patte分型分为Patte 1型(Ⅱ级)、Patte 2型(Ⅲ级)、Patte 3型(Ⅳ级),将部分撕裂组定义为Ⅰ级。同时在斜矢状位上进行Goutallier分级及Thomazeau萎缩分级,并通过GE ADW 4.7工作站后处理软件在IDEAL-IQ序列生成的脂肪分数图像上测量冈上肌、冈下肌、肩胛下肌及小圆肌脂肪分数(fat fraction,FF)。用组内相关系数(intra-class correlation coefficient,ICC)及Kappa一致性检验评估观察者间及观察者内的一致性。采用Kruskal-Wallis H检验、单因素ANOVA检验分析FF值在不同分组之间的差异,组间两两比较用Bonferroni检验。采用Pear_(s)on相关性分析肩袖肌肉FF值与年龄、症状持续时间的相关性(相关系数r),Spearman相关性分析冈上肌腱损伤分级与肩袖肌群FF值、Goutallier分级及Thomazeau萎缩分级之间的相关性(相关系数r_(s))。结果(1)冈上肌、冈下肌、肩胛下肌的FF值在冈上肌腱损伤Ⅳ级中显著高于Ⅲ级,高于Ⅱ级和Ⅰ级,差异有统计学意义(P值分别为<0.001、<0.001、0.005);小圆肌的FF值在不同分级之间差异无统计学意义(P=0.073)。组内比较Ⅰ级和Ⅱ级的冈上肌、冈下肌、肩胛下肌、小圆肌FF值差异无统计学意义(P值分别为0.026、0.102);Ⅲ级和Ⅳ级的FF值差异有统计学意义(P<0.001)。(2)冈上肌、冈下肌、小圆肌的FF值与年龄呈中等相关(r值分别为0.381、0.339、0.349,P均<0.001),肩胛下肌的FF值与年龄呈弱相关(r=0.216,P=0.017);冈上肌、冈下肌、肩胛下肌FF值与症状持续时间呈中等程度相关(r分别为0.442、0.412、0.314,P均<0.001),小圆肌的FF值与症状持续时间呈弱相关(r=0.277,P=0.002);冈上肌腱损伤程度与冈上肌FF值呈显著相关(r_(s)=0.740,P<0.001),与冈下肌的FF值呈强相关性(r_(s)=0.596,P<0.001),与肩胛下肌、小圆肌的FF值呈弱相关(r_(s)分别为0.257、0.212,P值分别为0.004、0.019);冈上肌损伤程度分级与Goutallier分级、Thomazeau分级之间呈显著正相关(r_(s)分别为0.757、0.737,P均<0.001),且冈上肌FF值在Goutallier和Thomazeau的分级中差异具有统计学意义(P均<0.001)。结论3.0 T MR IDEAL-IQ序列能量化和客观评估肩袖肌群脂肪浸润程度,肩袖肌群脂肪浸润程度与冈上肌腱损伤分级呈正相关,与年龄、症状持续时间呈正相关。

RECIPIENTS OF THE 1995 NATIONAL SCIENCE FUNDS FOR OUTSTANDING YOUNGSTERS (I)

Chen Zhu Chen Zhu,molecular biologist. He obtained his Master’s Degree of Medical Sciences from Shanghai Second Medical University (SSMU)in 1981, and completed both his Ph.D. and postdoctoral study at Hopital Saint-Louis,Universite Pads ⅤⅡfrom 1985 to 1989. He worked as an Intern in the Department of Medicine in Shanghai Rui-Jin Hospital affiliated with SSMU from 1981 to 1984,as "Interne etranger des Hopitaux de Paris", Laboratoire Central d’Hematologie,Hopital Saint Louis from October 1984 to September 1985.He was Visiting Professor in the Division of Medical Oncology,Mount Sinai Center in New York from July 1991 to October 1991, and Visit Professor in l’Institut d’Hematologie, Hopital Saint-Louis

INCOMPRESSIBLE LIMIT OF IDEAL MAGNETOHYDRODYNAMICS IN A DOMAIN WITH BOUNDARIES

We study the incompressible limit of classical solutions to compressible ideal magneto-hydrodynamics in a domain with a flat boundary.The boundary condition is characteristic and the initial data is general.We first establish the uniform existence of classical solutions with respect to the Mach number.Then,we prove that the solutions converge to the solution of the incompressible MHD system.In particular,we obtain a stronger convergence result by using the dispersion of acoustic waves in the half space.

基于“IDEAL”模式的物理问题解决能力培养研究

学生“物理问题解决能力弱”是长期困扰物理教学的问题,认知心理学关于问题解决的“IDEAL”模式为该问题的研究提供了新的视角。以2022年全国乙卷理综第25题为例,借助“IDEAL”模式可以清晰地梳理问题解决的过程,明确各阶段学生遇到的困难及成因。研究发现,借助“读思达”教学法,通过粗读、精读等过程,可以有效帮助学生建构物理模型、理清物理过程,从而提高物理问题解决能力。

For the Ideal Homeland

A town planner combines British experience with Chinese concept of harmony to build green,low-carbon,and sustainable cities.YANG Wei is a woman who wears many hats.An internationally renowned town planner and urban designer,she is held in high esteem in the academic and planning communities in the U.K.and is a fellow of the U.K.Academy of Social Sciences and former president of the Royal Town Planning Institute(RTPI)based in London.She is also chief executive and co-founder of the Digital Task Force for Planning(DTFP),a non-profit social enterprise,and founding director of London-based planning and urban design firm Wei Yang&Partners.

Yeats’s Ideals:Women Old and Young

William Butler Yeats ranks among the most widely admired and intensively studied poets of the 20th century.This paper intends to explore the women who have exerted the most critical influences upon Yeats,namely Gonne,Lady Gregory,and Georgie Hyde-Lees.Even in Yeats’s poetry involved with symbolism,it is worth noting that his employment of symbols has used these women as the archetypes,and that the historical context rendered Yeats’s representations of them in his poetry all the more interesting.

Impact of the Atlantic multidecadal variability on East Asian summer climate in idealized simulations

本文利用基于地球系统模式CESM1开展的北大西洋多年代际振荡理想化数值试验,研究了北大西洋多年代际振荡对东亚夏季气候的影响。结果显示,北大西洋多年代际振荡可以通过中纬度罗斯贝波以及热带开尔文波的传播两种途径影响东亚夏季气候.当北大西洋多年代际振荡处于正位相时,一方面,偏暖的北大西洋通过激发一条从北大西洋向下游传播的中纬度大气罗斯贝波列导致东亚陆地气压降低而西北太平洋气压升高,使得东亚-西北太平洋之间的海陆气压差增强;另一方面,偏暖的北大西洋激发赤道开尔文波东传,激发西北太平洋对流层低层出现反气旋式环流异常.通过以上两种途径,正位相的北大西洋多年代际振荡最终导致东亚夏季风增强,东亚地区夏季出现北湿南干和偏暖的气候。

磁共振IDEAL-IQ序列测量肝脏脂肪含量的可行性研究

目的 探究IDEAL-IQ序列测量肝脏脂肪含量的准确性,以及影响测量准确性的因素。方法 利用GE DISCOVERY MR750 3.0T的单通道头线圈、八通道头线圈以及八通道腹部线圈,对配置的不同浓度的水脂混合溶液模体进行高参数扫描。在GE AW4.6工作站上进行多次脂肪含量测量,并对测量数值进行线性回归分析,讨论测量值与已知配置值的相关性,分析配置水脂混合模体在不同线圈中测量的准确性。结果 对于已知浓度的水脂混合溶液模型,IDEAL-IQ序列在三个线圈测量数据的一元线性回归讨论中,三个回归模型的P<0.0001,测量模型均在α=0.0001的水平上显著性明显,拟合较好,置信度达到99.99%。不同线圈在同参数扫描的情况下,由于信噪比不同,在图像中出现明显噪点,在使用小ROI测量时,会使得同一层面测量结果出现较大偏差。结论 IDEAL-IQ序列运用于脂肪含量的定量测量是可行可靠的,并且精准性较高。但扫描图像的质量对于测量稳定性以及准确性有影响,图像噪声越大则测量结果越不稳定,测量值的偏差越大。在临床扫描条件下,临床医师的测量应该采用适当ROI多点测量取平均值的方式进行肝脏脂肪含量的测量,同时还应该避开肝脏扫描层中的初始层及末端层。如果选取区域落于初始层及末端层,则可能会导致脂肪含量的过估计。

An Empirical Evaluation of the Impact of Moral and Law Course Teaching on the Effectiveness of University Students’Ideals and Beliefs Education

The Moral and Law course serves as a critical platform for educating university students about ideals and beliefs,and it has a significant impact on the effectiveness of ideals and beliefs education.This paper establishes a mechanism through which Moral and Law course teaching influences the effectiveness of ideals and beliefs education and conducts an empirical evaluation.The results reveal that factors such as the relevance and applicability of the teaching content,the integration of theory and practice,the innovation,interactivity,and participation of teaching methods,as well as classroom atmosphere,teaching facilities,and campus culture,all have a significant positive impact on the effectiveness of ideals and beliefs education for university students.

基于磁共振IDEAL-IQ分析胰腺脂肪含量及其影响因素

目的:运用磁共振脂肪定量最小二乘估计和不对称回波迭代分解水和脂肪成像(IDEAL-IQ)测量胰腺脂肪分数(PFF),并分析其相关影响因素。方法:选取2021年6月—2023年3月扬州大学附属医院收治的169例患者为研究对象,收集患者住院期间年龄,身高、体质量、空腹血糖(FBG)、总胆固醇(TC)、三酰甘油(TG)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)以及IDEAL-IQ相关参数PFF、肝脏脂肪分数(HFF)、内脏脂肪面积(VFA)等资料,根据PFF结果将受检者分为高脂肪组(PFF≥4.17%)和低脂肪组(PFF<4.17%),比较高脂肪组与低脂肪组间各指标差异,并采用Pearson线性相关分析评价各指标与PFF的相关性。结果:169例受检者85例PFF≥4.17%,设为高脂肪组;84例PFF<4.17%,设为低脂肪组。高脂肪组患者年龄、HFF、BMI、FPC、TC、TG、VFA均高于胰腺低脂肪组,而HDL-C低于胰腺低脂肪组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。PFF与年龄、HFF、BMI、FBG、TG、TC、VFA呈正相关性,与HDL-C呈负相关性(P<0.05)。结论:磁共振IDEAL-IQ技术可用于PFF的测量,PFF与HFF、BMI、FPC、TC、TG、VFA及HDL-C具有一定相关性。

iDEAL-CIO: Instant Digital Express Advocated “Magic Lamp” for Cloud Intelligence Outlet

Instant Digital Express iDEAL-CIO The “Magic Lamp” for Cloud Intelligence Outlet, which has been recommended, combines innovations to satisfy modern users’ needs and efficiently sift through the ever-expanding amount of intelligent content stored in the cloud. One such innovation introduces a ground-breaking concept to remove superfluous and outdated sequential search patterns that overwhelm the user and computer in order to better serve the user in an eclectic & elastic and multidimensional approach to finding, grouping, assimilation, organizing, and delivering archival content. The cloud intelligence outlet (CIO) is presented in this article as the perfect magic lamp option for quick digital express advocacy. The grouping, indexing, folding, and targeting (GIFT) method of multidimensional online synthetic/analytical intelligent content (MOSAIC) for adaptive intelligence is the fundamental intelligent aggregation and automated process of the Magic Lamp. Three perspectives above this new ideal framework are available to observe: The Magic Lamp proposes contextual and multiple analytical tracks to improve cloud intelligence services conceptually. Technically speaking, MOSAIC combines domain-specific services for a wide range of international users, and through the usage of Cloud Intelligence Outlet, GIFT operationally activates grouping, indexing, folding, and targeting to promote decent experience and in-depth research on target for users’ wants. Because of this, iDEAL-CIO works in tandem with cloud extraction, digital transformation, and archival loading to provide improved service through the readily accessible cloud intelligence outlet.

求解流动与传热问题的一种高效稳定的分离式算法—IDEAL

本文提出了一种求解流动与传热问题的高效稳定的分离式算法—IDEAL(Inner Doubly-iterative Efficient Algorithm for Linked-equations)。在IDEAL算法中每个迭代层次上对压力方程进行两次内迭代计算,第一次内迭代过程用于克服SIMPLE算法的第一个假设,第二次内迭代过程用于克服SIMPLE算法的第二个假设。这样在每个迭代层次上充分满足了速度和压力之间的耦合,从而大大提高了计算的收敛速度和计算过程的稳定性。本文通过2个三维不可压缩流动和传热的算例对IDEAL算法与其它三个被广泛使用的算法(SIMPLER、SIMPLEC和PISO)进行了比较。通过分析比较得出IDEAL算法在收敛性和健壮性上均优于SIMPLER、SIMPLEC和PISO算法。在这2个算例中IDEAL算法几乎可以在任意的松弛因子下获得收敛的解,并且IDEAL算法所需最短计算时间较SIMPLER算法减少12.9%～52.6%;较SIMPLEC算法减少48.3%～79.1%;较PISO算法减少10.7%～46.5%。